著者

閔 光準

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.1, pp.58-70, 2007-04-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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The present study investigates why Korean learners of Japanese produce the Japanese voiceless stops in intervocalic position as geminates. The results of the present study demonstrate that the Korean learners matched the Japanese voiceless consonants in intervocalic position as Korean tense consonants, for which they resyllabified the preceding syllable as closed, and shortened the vowel in that syllable. This rendered the closure duration of the consonant in the following syllable enlarge up to that of the geminate. The results of the present study clearly show that the Korean learners' production of the Japanese voiceless consonants as geminates is a direct consequence of the presence of the tense consonants and an epenthetic 's' in Korean phonology, indicating that the L2 sound acquisition is greatly influenced by the first language (L1) phonological system.

著者

定延 利之

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.29-44, 2004-04-30

被引用文献数

1

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声質は話し手の気持ちと対応するが,両者の対応は単純な形ではつかみ難いとされている。本稿は,この対応の複雑さを多少とも解きほぐすには何が有効かという問題を検討するために,「りきみ」と呼ばれる現代日本語の一つの声質を考察した。自然対話と母語話者の直観を併用した観察の結果,以下の結論が得られた:第1点,りきむとは,何らかの気持ちを「表す」ことではなく,何らかの気持ちに「なってみせる」ことである。そう考える方が実態(たとえば,その気持ちになった体験を持つ者しかりきめないということ)に合致する;第2点,りきむ話し手が「なってみせる」気持ちとは,基本的に,苦しみか感心である。苦しみや感心と関わらず,強調を表すかに見える場合は,りきみの生起環境が修飾構造内に限られており,「修飾構造内での態度的意味の抑制」という文法現象として理解できる;第3点,以上の2点が正しければ,声質と気持ちの対応の複雑さを解きほぐすには,文法,情報,コミュニケーションを統合した観点が有効である。

著者

北原 真冬

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.35-41, 2002-08-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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The present paper briefly reviews five areas of Japanese pitch accent research: phonological, phonetic, engineering, physiological, and psychological studies. Each area is assessed in terms of the contribution to the field of cognitive science. Problems in current research models and future directions are also discussed.

著者

小城 彰子

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.1, pp.93-101, 2007-04-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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This paper examines how Korean learners of Japanese (beginners) perceive a geminate stop; the effect of pitch type and a consonant in the initial syllable following the t-closure. 16 nonsense words (reto, retto meto, metto, keto, ketto, teto, tetto) which have a contrast in the voiceless and the voiced consonants of the initial syllable, as well as in the pitch type (High-Low, Low High) containing /t/ singleton or geminate contrast are presented in a carrier sentence spoken at a normal speaking rate. It was found that (1) error rate of perceiving geminate words as singleton words (t-dropping) is higher than that of perceiving singleton as geminate (t-insertion). (2) error is higher as following; voiced+LH>voiced+ HL≧voiceless+HL>voiceless+LH. (3) error rate of t-insertion is higher in LH singleton words and that of t-dropping is higher in HL geminate words.

著者

宇都木 昭 田 允實 金 熹成

出版者

The Phonetic Society of Japan

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.30-42, 2008-08-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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日本語(東京方言)におけるダウンステップの存在が古くから指摘されている一方で,近年では韓国語(ソウル方言)にもそれに類する現象が存在するという指摘がある。これらの現象は,フォーカスによってリセットされるという点て共通する。本稿は,これらの現象とそれがリセットされた場合との間の離散性の有無について,それを解明することの理論的重要性を指摘するとともに,範躊知覚実験による解明の試みを報告するものである。実験の結果,どちらの言語に関しても典型的な範躊知覚の特徴は見出されなかった。これにはアクセントの影響や刺激音の自然度の影響という想定外の要因が混入したと考えられるため,離散性の有無に関して現時点で結論を下すのは困難であり,今後方法論の改善を要する。一方で,実験の主目的とは別の点て,いくつかの興味深い結果が得られた。これには,上述のアクセントや刺激音の自然度の実験結果への影響に加え,刺激音提示順の効果,および,F0ピークの役割に関する日本語と韓国語の差異が含まれる。

著者

木部 暢子

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.3, pp.42-48, 2001-12-31 (Released:2017-08-31)

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In this paper I report two kinds of sound changes in Kagoshima dialect. First, I report close vowel's changes, such as [a?] (<aki, 'autumn'), [a?] (<aʒi, 'taste'), [a?] (<abu, 'horsefly'), [a?] (<aku, 'harshness'). These changes, commonly called 'nisshoka', are caused by devoicing final [i] or [u]. Second, I report alveolar's changes in Segami dialect, spoken in Kami-Koshiki island, Kagoshima prefecture, such as [arama] (<atama, 'head'), [abuja] (<abura, 'oil'), [neːzii] (neːzu, 'temperature'), [kuːnu] (<kudzu, 'trash'). In this dialect, these changes occurred very systematically, and so the distinction between /t/, /r/, /c/ and /d/ was not lost after the changes.

著者

辻野 裕紀

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.116-126, 2017-08-30 (Released:2018-02-28)

参考文献数

28

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The morphophonology of the Korean language is extremely complex. Various phonological phenomena occur when phonemes, syllables, morphemes, and so on, come together. In addition, some of the phonological phenomena show remarkable synchronic variations, about which no sufficient research has been conducted. In this paper, we discuss in detail the phonological phenomena observable in modern Korean speeches, particularly focusing on the n-insertion and the post liquid tensification (PLT) in sino-Korean words, where fluctuations in the pronunciation of the speakers are prominent. We critically examine previous researches on the topic and present the results we have achieved.

著者

河野 守夫

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.16-24, 1998-04-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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Human beings innately have two neuropsychologically different rhythm processing systems: holistic and analytic. The former copes with rapid tempos of rhythm with less than 330ms inter-beat intervals (IBIs), and the latter with slow ones with more than 420ms IBIs. These two systems constitute a hierarchical structure: the holistic system comprises the base, and the analytic system, the superstructure component. These systems and their relationship were detected in Kohno's accumulated experiments using a split-brain patient, a patient with pure anarthria, and normal persons as subjects (Kohno, 1992, 1993, etc.). On the basis of these experiments, the underlying reasons for correction of truisms long-held by phoneticians will be discussed and the following claims will be made: 1) The traditional dichotomy of speech timing such as 'stress-timed' and 'syllable-timed' should be reclassified into 'stress-timed' and 'mora-timed'. 2) 'Mora-timed' is not a subcategory of 'syllable-timed'. 3) Equal interval accent is not a language universal, but a language specific. The timing regulation mechanism in a mora-timed language and the possibility of foot structure in Japanese (cf. Poser, 1990) will also be discussed.

著者

櫻庭 京子 今泉 敏 筧 一彦

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.77-84, 2004-04-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

被引用文献数

1

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A primary purpose of this study was to examine the difference in identification by Japanese and English listeners of vocally-expressed emotions (happy, sad, angry, and neutral) on the utterance "pikachuu" as generated by Japanese and American children. Both sets of listeners identified the emotions uttered by Japanese children better than those by American children, but the difference was not significant. A second purpose of the study was to examine the acoustic differences between the Japanese and American English children's productions of 'pikachuu.' The results showed that in expression of emotions, the dynamic range of F0 was similar in the two languages; however, the length of syllables varied, reflecting language-specific characteristics.

著者

上野 善道

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, pp.28-36, 1997-08-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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The tonal phenomena we observe are composed of tonal layers, such as accent in a narrow sense, phrase intonation, each of which has its own function. Phonological interpretation of accent means the separation of these layers and extraction of accent. Segmental environments are concerned with interpretation, but grammatical information is not. Morphophonemic regularities, such as compound noun accent rules, are treated and described differently from phonological interpretation. These findings on accent are based on my fieldwork.

著者

那須 昭夫

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.3, pp.52-66, 1999-12-30

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Japanese [p] is held to be a marked segment with characteristics different from those of other obstruents. In particular, it always appears in Yamato as a geminate consonant, and the occurrence of a single [p] is prohibited. On the other hand, onomatopoeia allows free occurrence of a single [p], as in "pari-pari," which leads to the common view that the grammar of onomatopoeia is different from that of Yamato with respect to [p]. However, a closer examination of the voicing patterns in onomatopoeia reveals that the above observation is not necessarily valid. This article attempts to demonstrate the markecness of [p] in onomatopoeia. It is specifically shown, on the basis of facts associated with voicing, that the occurrence of a single [p] is restricted even in onomatopoeia. It is then demonstrated that the seemingly peculiar occurrence of a single [p] and of voicing in onomatopoeia can be accounted for in a principled manner in the framework of Optimality Theory.

著者

窪薗 晴夫

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.5-17, 2003-08-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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This paper provides an overview of the research on the acquisition of phonology and prosody from the viewpoint of language universals. By way of introduction, I first sketch the traditional but still prevailing hypotheses proposed by Roman Jakobson six decades ago and attempt to evaluate these hypotheses in light of empirical data concerning, in particular, the acquisition of vowels, consonants and syllable structure. I then discuss the acquisition of prosody with main emphasis on that of the mora and the prosodic structure of words in Japanese. I will also point out in passing several interesting questions that remain unsolved.

著者

Hiroki Koda

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.16-22, 2017-04-30 (Released:2017-09-12)

参考文献数

40

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Language is unique to humans and no equivalent cognitive/communication system has been found in other animals, but many similarities have been reported, such as in bird song “syntax” or monkey call “semantics.” Phonology is considered a unique area of the human faculty of language, but recent studies on both monkeys and birds have shown similarities, and further claimed a “new” precursor for the faculty of language. Many linguistic components, including phonology, could be precursors, pre-existing abilities in nonhuman animals, and acquisition of these precursors could act as a pre-adaptation for the emergence of human language.

著者

荒井 隆行

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.111-112, 2016-08-30 (Released:2017-07-04)

著者

福井 玲

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.23-34, 2003-04-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

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This paper discusses various topics found in the historical study of Korean phonology. First, I will examine the phonological system of Middle Korean from the synchronic point of view. Then, I will review various attempts to reconstruct earlier Korean. It will be demonstrated that both written records and the method of internal reconstruction play important roles in explaining the origins of consonant clusters, aspirates, and so on. It will be also shown that the pitch was not distinctive in Proto-Korean and the system of Middle Korean pitch accent was a secondary development.

著者

松浦 年男

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.105-118, 2012-04-30

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This paper analyzes the tonal pattern of alphabetic acronyms and alphabetic compounds in Nagasaki Japanese, which has two contrastive tonal types. I argue that the tonal pattern of alphabetic acronyms can be accounted for by applying loanword tone rules to them. In contrast, the tonal pattern of alphabetic compounds cannot be fully accounted for by the loanword tonal rules, because the tonal distribution of alphabetic compounds varies depending on the second member of the compound. I propose an analysis according to which the second morpheme of an alphabetic compound can determine the tonal pattern of the compound. I further support the analysis with an account of tonal patterns in short compounds.

著者

嵐 洋子

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.3, pp.101-111, 2003-12-30

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Metalinguistic Awareness of syllabic morae is the ability to recognize a syllabic mora (a nasal coda, a geminate stop consonant, and a long vowel in this study) as one mora. It has been said to play a significant role for the acquisition of Japanese Kana letters, especially for syllabic morae. However the process of the acquisition is yet to be made clear. The goal of this study is to therefore consider how such metalinguistic awareness of syllabic morae is developed in young Japanese children, through the comparison between children living in Yokohama where morae are counted and Fukaura where morae are not. Two small studies were conducted to examine whether they use mora or syllable in segmenting words with special morae. The results show that the children living in Fukaura recognize syllabic morae less than those in Yokohama, especially for long vowels and nonsense words. It suggests that input is significant for young children to develop their metalinguistic awareness of syllabic morae.

著者

吉田 健二

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.3, pp.79-91, 2012-12-30

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In Japanese accentology, it has been under dispute whether kakoo-shiki, or falling pitch register, should be recognized as a phonological category, independent of so-called kooki-shiki, or high-beginning pitch register. A production study was carried out on 7 dialect groups with 3 different shiki systems, where cross-dialectal comparisons are made on the properties of pitch (fundamental frequency) contour patterns of different shiki types. The results reveal that the kakoo-shiki can be characterized as having (i) steeper pitch fall toward the end of the word and (ii) later onset of the pitch fall, as compared with kooki-shiki. Both of these tendencies were confirmed with the second production study where the mora length of the experimental words was varied. This set of findings suggests that it is possible to define kako-shiki by examining the acoustic (pitch contour) properties of the relevant shiki types.

著者

早田 輝洋

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, pp.37-44, 1997

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The Central Dialect of Heian Japanese exhibits three tonal melodies and one fall in pitch accent, if any. The fall mark accent should not be treated as part of a tonal melody. They are both specified in the underlying lexical items, but are mutually independent. It is argued that a downstep existed in this dialect from an autosegmental perspective. Some revisions are made in treating the tone of the imperfective participle ending <i>ru</i> and the <i>ku</i>-nominalization. The imperative <i>yo</i> and the vocative <i>yo</i> are shown to be tonally distinct and to be two different morphemes. The tone of the perfective <i>ari</i> and the copula <i>nari</i>, and the behavior of the third tonal melody are also dealt with.

著者

上野 善道

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, pp.28-36, 1997-08-30

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The tonal phenomena we observe are composed of tonal layers, such as accent in a narrow sense, phrase intonation, each of which has its own function. Phonological interpretation of accent means the separation of these layers and extraction of accent. Segmental environments are concerned with interpretation, but grammatical information is not. Morphophonemic regularities, such as compound noun accent rules, are treated and described differently from phonological interpretation. These findings on accent are based on my fieldwork.