著者

竹内 真澄

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY BULLETIN OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.139-161, 2021-07-15

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The social contract theory is classified into two types: liberal and democratic. The firsttype is the theory of Hobbes and Locke and is based on the concept of <private man>. Thelatter is Rousseau’ theory based on the concept of <citoyen>. According to Rousseau,<citoyen> is the negation of <private man>.According to Rousseau, citoyen makes a civil society based on general will and not onparticular will. General will prioritizes amour-propre(self-love) over amour de soi(love ofself-interest). Here, Rousseau distinguishes self-preservation from self-interest.Therefore, human beings survive by making social contact. This means that they live inthe society based on public interest and not private interest.Also notable is the theoretical product of self-criticizing in European civilization. Rousseaurefers to the invasion of European people amongthe Caribbeans, wherein he discovered the natural situation of human beings in theCaribbean wherein they live in peace and pity.I examine the historical meaning of the risks pertaining to Rousseau’s theory becausethe Russian revolution seems to imitate the French revolution. Some ideas originate fromthe risks pertaining to Rousseau’ theory.

著者

黒田 隆之

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY BULLETIN OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.3, pp.163-177, 2022-03-18

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This essay explains a necessity of an inclusive education and reasonable accommodationsfor students with intellectual disabilities or some kind of disabilities in high schools inOsaka, Japan. The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology hasannounced that we need to build a system of an inclusive education to create an inclusivesociety in Japan. The board of education of Osaka prefecture has also been engaged invarious efforts in order to realize an inclusive education. Two programs of its efforts are introduced, one is an independence support course forstudents with intellectual disabilities, the other is classes for promoting inclusion. Theseare excellent programs not for students with disabilities but also for students withoutdisabilities. However, a number of students who can join these programs is so small thata lot of students with any disabilities can’t access to supports and cares. Therefore, weshould immediately establish an inclusive education system for all students by utilizingknowledges from there.

著者

南出 和余

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 = ST.ANDREW,S UNIVERSITY BULLETIN OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.3, pp.91-108, 2014-03-28

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In Bangladesh today, many young people are migrating from rural villages to urban areas as a result of the rapid economic growth occurring in the country. Especially under the expansion of primary education in rural areas since the late 1980s, many children have begun to go to school while their parents had little experience of schooling. This generation is the so called "first educated generation" in their families. Through this school experience, they have acquired a "nonagricultural orientation" and have gone to urban areas where they are able to find work, but with low wages, mainly at the garment factories that are expanding significantly throughout the country. For a Japanese anthropologist, talking about the urban migration of young people during a time of economic growth reminds one of the experience of Japan in the 1960s. Many young people who had just graduated from high school or junior high school had migrated from rural to urban areas to find work, being typified by "mass employment." The "baby boomers" who were born in the post-war period definitely brought about economic growth as well as social changes in Japanese society. In this paper, I focus on the experience of my parents, who were part of the rural-urban migration in Japan in the 1960s, being motivated by my research in Bangladesh on the children and youth who are recently undergoing a similar migration experience. Their lives in 1960s Japan were influenced by the job situation in both rural and urban areas, by the relationship between rural and urban areas, and more directly by the network of urban migrants. At the same time, their experience itself revolutionized society. These factors can be adopted as a comparative perspective when I study the impact and effects of the urban migration of young people and the social transformation now taking place in Bangladesh. The anthropological "self" perspective between my background and my target society will be examined.

著者

松村 昌廣 Masahiro Matsumura

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 = St. Andrew's University bulletin of the Research Institute (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.47-55, 2008-06

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On January 12, the divided Japanese Diet finally enacted a legislative measure that authorised the Fukuda administration to restart replenishment support for the US-led maritime interdiction operation in the Indian Ocean. Earlier, in the Upper House, the leading opposition Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) and other mini-parties together voted down the already passed House bill with a simple majority. Subsequently, in the Lower House, the ruling coalition of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and the Komei Party resorted to their two-third majority to override the Upper House decision.During the impasse of five and a half months since then-Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's crushing defeat in the July 2007 Upper House election, the issue of replenishment support continued to represent the major focal point of the political power struggle in Tokyo. This prolonged impasse revealed that the battle between both the LDP and the DPJ was devoid of any ideological divide, a state of affairs that did not sharpen the national debate at all. Worse, it also suggested that neither party had more than a handful of competent next-generation leaders to constitute an effective power nucleus in decade to come.Accustomed to a one-party-dominated system over several decades, both LDP and DPJ leaders are afraid of legislative stalemates and popular distrust of their respective parties. As the result, the confrontation between both parties has continued. LDP leaders are reluctant to accelerate and intensify the current partisan strife, even though doing so would vindicate their policy positions and thereby benefit them in the coming national election. Further, the LDP leadership is not ready to take a full advantage of the Constitutional rules for steering the Diet, while the DPJ counterparts remain opportunistic.Although the Japanese public remains highly skeptical of the inexperienced DPJ that has been incapable to present effective policy alternatives, the LDP under Fukuda is drifting because the Prime Minister is only an excellent manager, but neither an innovator nor a risk-taker who is able to carry out a systemic overhaul, ranging from a resolution to the hung Diet, to the attainment of political leadership over bureaucrats, and to policy innovations on issues that various policy strategists have already proposed.The current Japan's current political stasis awaits a big bang that will bring competent nextgeneration leaders into the power nucleus. This is unlikely to be expected from the existing parties, but possibly feasible either through a reformed LDP or an evolved DPJ, or even a new party to be born out of a reorganization of the two parties along ideological lines. The good news is that we already know the prescription for a more proactive and prosperous Japan. The bad news is that time is running out when rapidly changing international security and economic conditions require Japan to respond promptly and offer visionary leadership.

著者

小林 信彦 Nobuhiko Kobayashi

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.121-124, 2005-03

著者

小野 良子 Yoshiko ONO

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY BULLETIN OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.3, 2000-03-25

著者

小林 信彦 Nobuhiko Kobayashi

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 = St. Andrew's University bulletin of the Research Institute (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.3, pp.247-267, 2003-03

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As the legislation sytem was established in ancient Japan, the harahe (祓) ceased to function as punishment. It developped into the o-harahe (大祓) to remove deceases and calamities as well as sins. When the Japanese added new items to the list of tumi (罪) in the norito (祝詞), they borrowed words for deceases and calamities from the Yakusikyo (藥師經): Thus they introduced into the list sirahito (lepra alba), kokumi (tumor-induced rickets), and calamities of hahumusi (creeping reptiles and worms) and of takatu-tori (birds on high).

著者

橋内 武

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 = St. Andrew's University bulletin of the Research Institute (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.3, pp.31-73, 2019-03

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Do you know what Hansen's disease is ? Formerly known as "leprosy," it is an infectious skinand peripheral nerve disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It used to be extremely difficult tocure, resulting deformed faces, falling off fingers, and crippled limbs. However, today the diseasecan be effectively cured with tablets prescribed regularly for several months. Until 1996, however,Hansen's disease patients in Japan were forced to live in remote sanatoria until they passedaway, representing an infringement of the Japanese Constitution in terms of basic human rights.In those days the contagious power of the infection was thought to be severe, so the governmentenacted Leprosy Prevention Acts in 1907, 1931, and 1953. The aim was to isolate the patients inHansen's disease sanatoria in lonely islands such as Nagashima, or in extremely remote locationsfor the rest of their lives.Both Aisei-en and Komyo-en are located at Nagashima Island in Setouchi, Okayama Prefecture.The former was the first national colony of its kind set up in 1930, while the latter was originallybuilt at the Yodo River Delta, Osaka in 1909, but was moved to the island in 1938 after the MurotoTyphoon completely destroyed the entire premises in 1934.The patients' lives at the sanatoria were miserable and pitiful until the 1953 Act was finally repealedin 1996. Picked up either in the street or at home, they were treated like cattle, carriedin a freight car from the station near their hometown to their remote destination. On their arrival,they were loaded into a truck or bus, (and then a ferry) and transported to the sanatorium. Assoon as they entered the premises, their bodies and personal effects were thoroughly disinfected.The newly arrived had to sign a contract with the institution authorizing the use of their body fordissection after death.These patients had to live together as a group in the same room without privacy. Althoughthey were fundamentally patients, they had to engage in manual work, not only constructing roadsand buildings, but also cultivating lands to produce crops and vegetables, and keeping chickens,pigs, and cows. They also did the necessary domestic work including cleaning, sewing, and washing.Less severely affected patients looked after the more serious cases. If a patient broke a codeof the institution, he or she might be confined in a cell for several days.Before a couple could get married at the sanatorium, the man had to be sterilized. If the womanbecame pregnant, she had to have an abortion. The couple would start their new life with thebridegroom visiting his bride's dormitory, where she lived together with her other female roommates.The patients suffered heavy prejudice from the general public, leaving many to live under falsenames. They scarcely left the colony to visit their hometowns. When they did, they might be rejectedby their family and neighbors, as well as by hotels and restaurants. Even after death, theirashes remained even to this day in the cenotaph of the sanatorium, without relatives taking themback to their home graveyards.In spite of such terrible, miserable conditions, most of the patients somehow managed to enjoytheir sanatorium lives. The young people studied at elementary and secondary schools within thecolony. Some even went to the four-year part-time senior high school in Aisei-en, the only onein Japan for Hansen's disease patients. Creative patients wrote distinguished poems, novels, andessays. Blind musicians played instruments and gave moving concerts now and then. Some enthusiastsformed drama circles to perform plays. Games such as go and shogi were very popularamong male patients.Memorable days included seasonal events such as cherry-blossom viewing, outdoor teaceremonies,summer bon festivals, and sports days in autumn. The building of the Oku-Nagashima Bridge connecting the island with the mainland, on May 9th, 1988, was an event withgreat joy, when everyone was able to happily cross over to the other side.The 89-year history of Hansen's disease patients in Japan under the Leprosy Prevention Actsis truly awful, but their lives should be remembered as part of the forced isolation system. Theformer patients who suffered from this disease were victims of these notorious acts, and wish tohave this extraordinary heritage recorded and remembered for the generations to come. It wouldbe wonderful if these Japanese sanatoria in the Inland Sea might be inscribed on the WorldCultural Heritage list in the near future.

著者

梅山 秀幸

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 = St. Andrew's University bulletin of the Research Institute (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.95-117, 2020-07

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Continuing to study how Buddhism was accepted in ancient Japan, I spent the year of 2015on sabbatical in Paris. The series of terrorist incidents that occurred in November of that yearforced me to ponder the clash of civilizations and religions. In Paris I was a guest academic fellow of College de France, whose ethos is "docet omnia(teaches all)," so it was a very convenablecircumstance to think about the conflicts and symbioses of civilizations(and of religions). There,Hebraists, Semitists, Buddhists, and Biblicists could be seen having lunch together in the university cafeteria, and holding peaceful discussions in the corridors. The building of College facesthe rue Clovis. Going up that street, we meet the rue Clotilde. At the place where those twostreets intersect, there once was the Abbaye de Ste. Geneviève. King Clovis, Queen Clotilde, andSaint Geneviève complete the three big names of people who contributed to the acceptance ofChristianity in France and the founding of Catholic France.The field of comparative studies is likely to offer a new and valid perspective from which toconsider the theme that I have been concerned with for many years. So, through reviewingFormer President François Hollande's discourse at the ceremony of homage to the Victims of13 November 2015, and reading Gregoire de Tour's "History of the Francs", this research paperwill explore how the "barbarous" people became civilized through accepting the highly dogmatical and catechized religion.

著者

朴 大栄 宮本 京子

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 = ST.ANDREW,S UNIVERSITY BULLETIN OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.1-25, 2012-08-31

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Audit failures are often caused by the inability of auditors to maintain independence. The lack of independence is an enemy of systematic and efficient audit operations. How can auditors secure independence? To answer this question, we need to discuss a wide variety of issues, including not only an appropriate organization of auditors, quality control and governance but also the necessity of auditors' rotation and the whereabouts of an authority to select auditor members or determine remuneration for auditors. This paper focuses on audit quality control, which is an essential task in ensuring reliable audit results, and discusses present situations and problems regarding audit quality control systems from the viewpoint of audit firms, JICPA ( Japanese Institute of Certified Public Accountants) and CPAAOB (Certified Public Accountants and Auditing Oversight Board). We also discuss whether or not the size of an audit firms is relevant to its ability to conduct appropriate quality control of audit operations, since we consider it important to clarify such relevance or irrelevance for identifying desirable quality control systems for respective audit firms. We conducted a questionnaire survey on both large audit firms and small and medium-size counterparts to find and analyze the status of their respective quality control systems, and this paper explains the survey results.

著者

並川 宏彦 Hirohiko Namikawa

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY BULLETIN OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.101-131, 2004-07-01

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A world heritage “IRONBRIDGE GORGE” is introduced from the point of view of the industrial heritage. Some key remnants in “IRONBRIDGE GORGE” have been restored as the Ironbridge Gorge Museums. The production of iron using coke as a fuel and the construction of Iron Bridge were first accomplished in the world. The value that they should be preserved is very high. The ironmasters of the IRONBRIDGE GORGE started making iron products of many differente kinds. They came to play an important role in technology for the development of the English Industrial Revolution. It is understood that a great influence was brought to the society. The Victorian town is a Open Air Museum. It has a mine, blast furnaces, factories and stores recreating life and landscape in Victorian age. The China Museum, Tile Museum and Clay Tabacco Pipe Museum are local industrial museums. They have a long history and the uniqueness of the their products.

著者

井上 敏 義永 忠一 野尻 亘 Satoshi Inoue Tadakazu Yoshinaga Wataru Nojiri

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 = St. Andrew's University bulletin of the Research Institute (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.21-42, 2004-07

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Sensyu District is in the southern part of Osaka Prefecture. In this region, since the 18th century, many farmers had cultivated cotton and spun cotton into thread. However, because of the importation of cotton to Japan in the latter half of the 19th century, farmers had abandoned cultivation of cotton. On the other hand, the tradition of spinning cotton as a side job for farmers led the development of the thriving textile industries in this region. Up to World War II cotton textiles had been the most important export for Japan since the 19th century. Osaka City was the center of exporting cotton textiles. The location adjacent to Osaka City was advantageous for textile industries. Miscellaneous textile products, for example, cotton textiles, blankets, towels, knitwear, carpets etc. are manufactured by medium and small sized factories in Sensyu District. The networks of these companies and related industries have formed the agglomeration of textile industries in this region. The indigenous labor market is composed of specialized workers for textile industries. The trade unions and public institutions are engaged in quality control and development of new products for textile industries. Today, the incursion of cheap imports of textiles from Asia, the lack of successors in the workforce and the stagnation of productivity have gradually brought about the decline of textile industries in Sensyu District.

著者

辻本 法子

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY BULLETIN OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.33-52, 2021-07-15

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Up until 2019, Japan has seen an increase in the number of foreign tourists; the numberstood at 32 million in 2019. In fiscal 2019, the number of inbound tourists increased by 2.2%on a year-on-year basis. Travel consumption was valued at JPY4.81 trillion, which isprimarily attributable to tourists from China.This study proposes a new viewpoint on the travel souvenir-related purchasing behaviorof Chinese tourists in Japan. The purchase of a travel souvenir is typically a one-timepurchase during a visit to a location. To increase the sales of travel souvenirs, it is importantto promote repeat purchases. To ensure such purchases, it is necessary to create brandawareness and increase brand accessibility, so that the tourist can easily recall the brandname and place a repeat order even from their home location.This study focuses on Chinese tourists' brand awareness. Attitude to the brand isconstructed of three components: cognition, affect, and behavior. The attitude is affected byconsumer involvement. This study developed a validation model and clarified how consumerinvolvement and Japan-visit experience affected the attitude to" Shiroikoibito," the mostpopular travel souvenir. The used variables were brand commitment, product involvement,and purchasing involvement toward confectionery, and brand loyalty toward Japaneseconfectionery, age, Japan-visit experience, and the attitude toward Japanese confectionerybrands.The results revealed the following.(1) " Shiroikoibito" was the most popular travel souvenir and the top of mind's brand inJapanese confectionery.(2) Brand commitment had a positive impact on the three components of the attitudetoward" Shiroikoibito."(3) Brand loyalty toward Japanese confectionery had a positive impact on cognition andaffect for" Shiroikoibito."(4) Japan-visit experience had a negative impact on cognition and behavior for"Shiroikoibito."(5) Age had a negative impact on the three components of the attitude toward"Shiroikoibito."

著者

梅山 秀幸

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY BULLETIN OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.115-138, 2021-07-15

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After the defeat of the Shintoists in the war between Buddhists and Shintoists in the year587CE, the Mononobe( 物部) clan was destined to run its course to ruin. But what was theMononobe clan? The word mononofu, synonym for samurai, was derived from the name ofthis clan. So, we can easily assume that Mononobe was a representative clan of ancientwarriors. Furthermore, it also means that this clan shouldered the military industry, and asa result, the majority of other industry of that period.According to the myths, Nighihayahi, ancestor god of the Mononobe clan, came to Japan,ahead of Ninighi, ancestor god of the Emperor's family. Transferring the political power tothe Emperor's family, Mononobe had maintained a certain important position within theEmperor's government. We will search for and consider the Mononobe legends and theirlegendary places which still remain in present day Osaka.In Nihon-shok(i 日本書紀), we find an impressive tale of Mononobe's vassal Tottori-noyorozu(鳥取万), who valiantly fought to the death in the above religious war and of hisfaithful dog who continued to protect his master's corpse. We visit the legendary tombs ofthe dog and of his master. Tottori is also the place name of the extreme South Osaka. Hatajinnja(波汰神社)exists as the religious centre of this district and observes the ancient ritesand festivals. The remains of Kaieji( 海会寺), a few kilometres from Hata-jinja, shows usthe Tottori people's reformation to Buddhism. In Nihon-ryoiki( 日本霊異記), we can find aninteresting episode which tells of the Tottori people's spiritual beliefs at that time.

著者

南出 和余

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.75-93, 2013-03

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Global society in the information age strongly demands education in media literacy, which means the ability to judge phenomena subjectively and then communicate with others interactively. In response to this demand, since 2008 St. Andrew's University has provided media literacy education as part of the faculty of International and Liberal Arts. This paper describes the author's educational practice for "cross-cultural understanding through filmmaking." The word "media" means an intermediary for transmission and reception of information and communication, and widely ranges from public media to private communications. Needless to say, the medium that symbolizes the information age is the Internet. Not only does it dramatically increase the amount of information and facilitates the data's transmission, the Internet's spread has made it possible for people to access it from both ends of the spectrum. The Internet is also being used to easily transmit linguistic information as well as visual images. Through our own eyes, we have confirmed some of the facts and images we know about global society, yet the majority of the knowledge is obtained through public media. Nonetheless, while the sources of the information we receive has spread globally, the targets we send to are usually of a personal relationship. In this sense, the transmission and reception of information are asymmetrically related. In such a situation, everyday practice limits for students to learn the critical literacy for public media. In this paper, I will introduce my practice of media literacy education from the perspective of visual anthropology on two aspects : interpreting images and learning through video production. The former approach tries to show a series of ethnographic films that were mainly produced with awareness of the relation between filmmaker and informants. To identify the existence of "creator" between subjects on the screen and ourselves watching the film leads students to read the authors' interpretation and messages. The latter approach, video production of a 15-minute documentary film, aims to provide students with structural understanding of fact recognition and expression. These approaches, I believe, can offer students not only the capacity of information processing but also training for planning and self-expression skills.

著者

梅山 秀幸

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY BULLETIN OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.115-138, 2021-07-15

---

After the defeat of the Shintoists in the war between Buddhists and Shintoists in the year587CE, the Mononobe( 物部) clan was destined to run its course to ruin. But what was theMononobe clan? The word mononofu, synonym for samurai, was derived from the name ofthis clan. So, we can easily assume that Mononobe was a representative clan of ancientwarriors. Furthermore, it also means that this clan shouldered the military industry, and asa result, the majority of other industry of that period.According to the myths, Nighihayahi, ancestor god of the Mononobe clan, came to Japan,ahead of Ninighi, ancestor god of the Emperor’s family. Transferring the political power tothe Emperor’s family, Mononobe had maintained a certain important position within theEmperor’s government. We will search for and consider the Mononobe legends and theirlegendary places which still remain in present day Osaka.In Nihon-shok(i 日本書紀), we find an impressive tale of Mononobe’s vassal Tottori-noyorozu(鳥取万), who valiantly fought to the death in the above religious war and of hisfaithful dog who continued to protect his master’s corpse. We visit the legendary tombs ofthe dog and of his master. Tottori is also the place name of the extreme South Osaka. Hatajinnja(波汰神社)exists as the religious centre of this district and observes the ancient ritesand festivals. The remains of Kaieji( 海会寺), a few kilometres from Hata-jinja, shows usthe Tottori people’s reformation to Buddhism. In Nihon-ryoiki( 日本霊異記), we can find aninteresting episode which tells of the Tottori people’s spiritual beliefs at that time.

著者

岸本 裕一 森川 卓夫 Yuichi Kishimoto Takuo Morikawa

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY BULLETIN OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.3-13, 2009-03-18

著者

松端 克文 Katsufumi Matsunohana

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 = ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY BULLETIN OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.3, pp.93-108, 2010-03-25

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of social planning for people with disabilities on the process of deinstitutionalization. Deinstitutionalization or `from institution to community' has been perhaps the most important subject in the way services for people with intellectual disabilities have been organized in Japan. The provision of institutional care in Japan increased continuously from its establishment in the middle of the last century up until 2002, when the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare made the 2002 Plan for People with Disabilities. The Plan recommended that more provision should be made to house people with intellectual disabilities in group-homes within the community, rather than build new institutions. And the Services and Support for Persons with Disabilities Act of 2005 stipulated that ten percent of people living in institutions should be transferred to community living. Unfortunately, many people who transferred from institutions have returned to their parents' home and increased the burden of care on their families. Therefore in the creation of alternatives to institutions lies the task, not only of building new placements within the community, but also of finding new ways of organizing services and providing help and support, especially for people with the most extensive needs. A new vision of community services is required, focusing on such things as primacy of community living, emphasis on social relationships, individual-centered support, and personal choice and control. This is the greatest challenge facing all modern societies.

著者

松端 克文 Katsufumi Matsunohana

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.3, pp.93-108, 2010-03

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of social planning for people with disabilities on the process of deinstitutionalization. Deinstitutionalization or `from institution to community' has been perhaps the most important subject in the way services for people with intellectual disabilities have been organized in Japan. The provision of institutional care in Japan increased continuously from its establishment in the middle of the last century up until 2002, when the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare made the 2002 Plan for People with Disabilities. The Plan recommended that more provision should be made to house people with intellectual disabilities in group-homes within the community, rather than build new institutions. And the Services and Support for Persons with Disabilities Act of 2005 stipulated that ten percent of people living in institutions should be transferred to community living. Unfortunately, many people who transferred from institutions have returned to their parents' home and increased the burden of care on their families. Therefore in the creation of alternatives to institutions lies the task, not only of building new placements within the community, but also of finding new ways of organizing services and providing help and support, especially for people with the most extensive needs. A new vision of community services is required, focusing on such things as primacy of community living, emphasis on social relationships, individual-centered support, and personal choice and control. This is the greatest challenge facing all modern societies.

著者

松村 昌廣 Masahiro Matsumura

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.27-45, 2008-06

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Over the last two decades or so, the People's Republic of China has sustained very high economic growth rates. China is now a significant international factor for Japan's economic performance, given that Japan's bilateral trade with China has surpassed that with the United States, at least in volume.This study analyzes the widening multifaceted structural imbalances and other contradictions that have resulted from China's unidimensional growth, with a major focus on domestic and international political challenges that have been posed to the developmental dictatorship under the Chinese Communist Party. This analysis is followed by a preliminary discussion on the durability of the current regime under deepening socio-economic contradictions, and on its external policies, in the light of these two variables' dynamic interactions.Through the editing and translation of a series of this author's op-ed essays, published in English elsewhere, this work will take an interdisciplinary, comprehensive approach to the contemporary Chinese political economy, including many important issues such as Taiwan independence/unification and Japan's history debate.