著者

前鶴 政和

出版者

JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.413-425, 2010

被引用文献数

6

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate a stochastic differential game of transboundary pollution and environmental policy.<br> We considered two asymmetric countries. The production process results in the emission of pollutants that are added to the existing stock common to both countries. The pollution accumulation dynamics is affected by an additive shock, the mean and variance are known. In both countries, the government controls emission levels. Uncertainty is incorporated into the model through a shock. The stock of pollution evolves stochastically according to geometric Brownian motion. In order to maximize the expected net present value of social welfare, the two governments should set the emission levels.<br> We formulate stochastic differential games that need to be solved by the two governments and derive unique Markov-perfect Nash and cooperative equilibrium solutions. Subsequently, we propose a mechanism to derive the payoff distribution procedures of subgame consistent solutions in cooperative stochastic differential games for the two governments, and are able to derive a subgame consistent solution based on the Nash bargaining axioms.<br> In conclusion, we show how the governments agree to maximize the sum of their expected payoffs and divide the total cooperative payoff so that the Nash bargaining outcome is maintained at every instant of time. Moreover, we show conditions guaranteeing individual rationality.<br><br></i>JFL Classification: F18, L13, Q58

著者

阿部 宏史 谷口 守 新家 誠憲 岸田 康治

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.185-201, 2004-10-30 (Released:2008-10-10)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1

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The first highway in Japan was opened in July 1963 between Ritto and Amagasaki with the length of 71km. The total length of highway in Japan reached 7, 236km in August 2003. The highway construction has become a crucial issue in the recent Government reformation under the sever conditions of Japanese economy and national finance.However, the provision of highway brings about various positive economic effects in the surrounding areas, such as the new location of industries, the rationalization of distribution systems, the promotion of tourism and the improvement of living conditions. It is obvious that the rapid growth of Japanese economy has been supported by the construction of highway network since 1960s. Therefore, a long-term impact analysis, which considers the changes in regional economic structures, passenger flows and commodity flows, is necessary to identify the exact outcome of highway construction projects.This paper aims to examine the long-term impact of highway network construction on the travel time between 46 prefectures in Japan and their effect on the inter-prefectural commodity flows. The outcomes of highway network provision have been measured with the changes in the shortest travel time by car between prefectures and the surplus for commodity flows induced by the improvement of travel time.The empirical study has been conducted for years 1975-2000. The main findings have revealed that the trunk highway construction during 1975-80 had brought about a significant improvement of travel time and surplus for commodity flows in the metropolitan regions. The improvement in local regions appeared after 1980s. The highest improvement for commodity flows had been achieved between 1995 and 2000 when the local highways connected to the trunk network. The fact has revealed that the formation of highway network in local regions is effective to improve the conditions of commodity flow in the whole nation.

著者

斎藤 参郎 岩見 昌邦 中嶋 貴昭 初 暁楠

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.223-239, 2006 (Released:2007-06-05)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

4 5

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We already have conducted on-site surveys on daily shopping behavior in Shanghai, Taipei, and Fukuoka City and reported elsewhere the characteristics of daily shopping behavior of consumers in Shanghai and Taipei cities. However, we have yet to compare the characteristics of consumers among these three cities.This paper aims to compare the characteristics of daily shopping behaviors of consumers among these three cities to explore their similarities and differences. The on-site interview surveys that have been conduced for shoppers at shopping establishments in these three cities are designed to compare daily shopping behaviors of consumers among different countries. For the purpose, first we pick up seven typical commodities that cover daily shopping behaviors: fresh foods, general foods, home electric appliance, household utensils, personal belongings, street clothes, and home clothes. Second, we classify their shopping destination into seven retail categories: department store, suburban shopping center, specialty store, supermarket, convenience store, neighborhood shopping street, and market. In the interview surveys, we asked the respondents how often they go shopping to buy these typical commodities, at what destination they buy them, and how much they spend on them per each shopping trip. Besides these seven commodities we also asked the respondents about their eating out behaviors with respect to how often they go eating out and how much per eating out they spend.With this descriptive framework we compare the similarities and difference of daily shopping behaviors of consumers in three cities in terms of shopping trip frequency, destination retail categories, and expenditure per shopping trip for each of seven commodities and eating out behavior. Furthermore, dividing the respondents in three age groups at the age of 10s and 20s, 30s and 40s, and over 50s, we also apply the above same analyses to these three age groups to explore how consumer behaviors change generation to generation.Major findings are as follows: To buy fresh foods, almost all consumes in Fukuoka go to supermarket while those in Shanghai and Taipei use traditional markets. For all three cities, the older the age of consumers the more frequent shoppers they become for fresh foods, while the opposite is true for street clothes.JEL classification: D12, R10

著者

Akio MATSUMOTO Yasuo NONAKA

出版者

JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.1-16, 2005 (Released:2007-06-01)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2 1

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This study investigates an economic implication of chaotic fluctuations that are observed in a nonlinear economic dynamic model. To this end, it constructs a nonlinear discrete time Cournot duopoly model in which firms have U-shaped or inverted U-shaped reaction functions due to production externality and shows that chaotic output fluctuations can arise for strong nonlinearities. Two main results of this study are: (i) it is theoretically as well as numerically confirmed that one of the duopolists can benefit in the sense that the long-run average profit taken along a chaotic trajectory is higher than the profit taken at an equilibrium point while the other is disadvantaged if both duopolists are homogeneous; (ii) it is verified with numerical simulations that both duopolists can benefit from chaotic trajectories if they are heterogenous.

著者

原 勲

出版者

JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.147-158, 2000-12-31 (Released:2008-10-10)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1 1

---

1. Definition of Interregional Payment BalancesIn general, International Balance of Payments is composed by both of Current account and, Capital and Financial Account under definition of International Monetary Fund. Current account is composed by Goods and services, Income and Current transfers. On the other hand, Capital and Financial Account is shown by Financial Account which is composed by Direct investment, Portfolio investment, Other investment and Capital Account. Domestic Payment Balances are also shown by application of the factors as well as International Payment Balances. It should be really explained “Interregional Payment Balances (IPB)” like presenting in the next paragraph. In Japan, one of IPB has been presented by the Agency of Economic Planning as “each exports and each imports of 47 prefectures” in every year. Another one has been presented by the Ministry of the International Trade and Industry as “Input-Output Table among 11 regions in Japan”. They, however, don't present the Money Flow based on IPB. Really, the Money Flow in relation with IPB had been presented by the Bank of Japan (BOJ) so far, but the BOJ had not presented since after burst of bubble economy 1990's, and not doubtfully, though it had been great important for analysing of regional economies Japan. Therefore, research for regional Economies based on IPB might not be able to attain perfection. This paper is presented within these limits.2. The implication of Interregional Payment BalancesThe implication of IPB was originally described by John R. Meyer, in “Regional Economics: A survey, The American economic review, 1963”, in which it was inttroduced Interregional Payment Balances of trade, 1952, by G. Fruetel.It had implicated Balances of trade among each States of America. In this sense, IPB can be considered that they are indicators of the regional economic growth and regional economic equilibrium as well as the external indicators. In general, IPB will be the surplus and higher level if the regional economy is rather powerful than others. According to this significance, it points out that IPB might have competitive power in the regional economies.3. The implication of Interregional Payment Balances in JapanOne of IPB in Japan has been presented by the Agency of Economic Planning as being described above, and it has been shown as exports and imports among 47 prefectures in Japan. The importance is because Income Level and IPB among 47 prefectures deeply relate with each other. The regression equation of Income Level and IPB in 1995 is calculated as follows.When horizontal line is X as Income Level and vertical line Y is as IPB, Y=90.265+0.732XThis regression equation is a straight line and coeffient determination is 0.5575, which is high in an average. According to above, IPB in Japan can be certainly certified in relation to regional economic power, Income Level, economic growth, per capita production and so on. From these analysing, it has been realized in Japan that IPB of the central prefecture has been great surplus while IPB of the peripheral prefectures has been big dificits. As a result, it certifies the peripheral prefectures depend on the governmental subsidiary, that is, they can't stand on a self support system yet.

著者

原 勲

出版者

JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.323-335, 1991-12-30 (Released:2008-10-10)

参考文献数

11

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Interregional payment balances is considered indicator of development and also that of inland trade balances among regional ecomomies, applying the concept of International payment balances.Dividing Japanese regions into four groups-(1) the three megalopolices (Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya), (2) their surrounding areas, (3) the borderlands (Hokkaido, Kyushu, etc.), (4) and the other areas-the defferences in interregional payment balances among the group, which are placed in the order of 1>2>4>3, have been found to have recently expanded, although the excessive surplus of the three megalopolices has slightly declined.Interregional payment balances have positive correlations with the averages of income and the industrialization, and negative correlations with the expenditures of the national finance: on the other hand, the averages of income have positive correlations with Interregional payment balances and the industrialization, and negative correlations with the expenditures of the national finance. Therefore, deficit areas by the indicator can be said to have low standards of income and industry, and be dependent on the national finance. The differences among Interregional payment balances show the “inbalanced” levels of the regional economics.We suggest a way for solving the problem of inbalances, pointing out the great need to reduce the multiplier factors with the following measures:1. lowering “spill-over effect” by reconstructing the economic structures emphasing industries2. reducing “investment leakage” by improving the policies for hightening economic effects of public investments provided by the national financeThere might be specific policies of the government to emphasize on investing in certain areas by casting divided roles to regions, however, the indicator of Interrogional payment balances gives us a criterion on basic judgement for the regional policies.

著者

坂本 博

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.4, pp.927-939, 2009 (Released:2010-04-12)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1 2

---

This study is a statistical disparity analysis of the wages of the staff and working (Zhigong) class in China. The Chinese government strictly controlled the wage system of state owned enterprises before the reform and opening of China. However, this system is gradually being reformed and each enterprise can independently decide their own wage system. As a result, the wage disparity has expanded since the reform and opening of China. In 2006, the staff and workers (Zhigong) were 110 million people, which is about 14.6 percent of the workers and about 8.5 percent of the population of China. To understand the recent wage disparities in China, disparity was estimated with a one stage Mean Logarithm Deviation Decomposition Index and from two directions in the decomposition pattern of disparity across region and industrial sector. Several findings are presented in this paper. First, a rapid expansion of disparity occurred during the measurement period. The index was below 0.02 at the start and increased to about 0.08 at the end. Second, the main factor of disparity gradually changed from regional disparity to sector disparity. Third, the regional disparity in each sector expanded in the higher value sectors but decreased in the agriculture and industry sectors. Fourth, the tendencies in the disparity of each sector in each region differed. From these results, wage disparity is a very serious problem in China. Therefore, several difficult correspondences are required from the government to reduce various disparities in the future.JEL classification: J31, O5

著者

田島 正士

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.4, pp.467-479, 2014 (Released:2015-06-03)

参考文献数

22

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This paper discusses the bad reputation effect of processed food brought about by the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011. Although various discussions have focused on the economic and other impacts of the disaster, unfortunately the bad reputation effect has not been adequately dealt with. This paper analyses the relationships between the distance from the nuclear power plant to the production place and the prices of the same processed food produced in different places.JEL Classification: H23, O13, Q43, Q51

著者

渡辺 泰弘

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.329-346, 2022 (Released:2023-03-10)

参考文献数

59

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Hiroshima is one city in Japan with a high level of sport spectatorship. When cities with sport-related resources recognize the importance of building place attachment among local residents through sport teams as a community bonding resource, activities to attract more event attendees or local residents using their professional sport teams activities can be encouraged. In addition, psychologically, local residents develop a strong bond with local sport teams based on their accumulated experiences. Generally speaking, some findings confirm that team image is a critical factor leading to place attachment. However, studies that verify these findings are lacking. This study was conducted in two major professional sport settings:professional baseball and professional basketball. First, data was collected from spectators attending a home game of the professional basketball team, the Hiroshima Dragonflies. From the 330 questionnaires distributed, 292 usable questionnaires were collected, data for 248 respondents excluding 44 out-of-prefecture residents were used. For the baseball sample, data was collected from spectators attending a professional baseball game at Mazda Zoom-Zoom Stadium. Questionnaires were distributed to individuals in the stadium at the end of the game. From the 1,000 questionnaires distributed, 241 usable questionnaires were collected, data for 188 respondents excluding 53 out-of-prefecture residents were used. Findings revealed that both teams showed place attachment affects the quality of team image. For the Dragonflies, high and low team identification were shown to affect place attachment. For the Carp, the interactions between team image and team identification significantly affected place attachment, with lower team identification increasing place attachment more than a positive team image. The results suggest that improving team image may increase place attachment among spectators with low team identification. From the standpoint of a regional sports team that claims to be community-based, there is a need for two-way direct and indirect exchanges that deepen ties through social contribution activities and other initiatives to connect with the community, as well as proactive acceptance of support and assistance activities from local residents. In conclusion, (1) team image is related to place attachment, and (2) team identification may play a role as a moderating variable for enhancing place attachment due to unique team attributes.JEL Classifications:L83, Z29, M31, R11, D91

著者

山下 良平 石下 諒 新井 健

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.4, pp.977-989, 2012 (Released:2013-05-28)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

3 2

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Local railway management is facing severe problems in Japan. Especially in rural areas, the number of rail users has decreased since the 1970s not only because of depopulation but also because of rapid motorization. Therefore, many local railway companies have decided to abolish lines that are unprofitable under such difficult conditions. However, although public investment by a municipality is considered indispensable for supporting local railways, research is lacking on the non-market value of local railways as an authority of public investment. It is therefore necessary to clarify certain social situations in relation to the conditions caused with-without and before-after political actions based on a basic policy evaluation. However, this analysis is difficult because local railways as common social capital are highly probable to possess both market and non-market values.In this study, we examined the Hitachi Railway System, which was abolished six years ago, and considered the influence of this abolition on factors such as residents' means of transportation, lifestyles and outlooks. To understand these issues, we conducted a questionnaire survey by mail for a part of residents living near the railroads in rural areas in November 2010. The main items in the questionnaire were concerned with 1) individual attributes of respondents, 2) frequency of travel before the abolition of the railway, 3) possible and actual alternate means of transportation, 4) possible and actual increase or decrease in the frequency of outings, 5) possible and actual increase or decrease in compensation for travel, 6) possible and actual perception of the impact of abolition of the railway on the region, and 7) views for and against abolishing the railway before and after its occurrence. The collection rate was 39 percent.The results of this study were as follows. First, residents with a driver's license and who used the Hitachi Railway had relatively accurate views about the social situations that resulted from abolishing the railway. For example, their views on the frequency of people's outings and compensation for travel were more accurate than persons who did not possess a driver's license or who did not use the railway. Second, there were gaps in transportation convenience with the introduction of substitute or regular buses, and resident views of punctuality. Approximately 10 percent of the respondents that assumed they would use buses as an alternate means of transportation now use a family car or taxi. Third, the abolition of the railway had impacts on the lifestyles of residents regardless of their previous methods of transportation or use of the railway. This suggests that local railways function as a local symbol. On the basis of these results, a discussion that is not confused by fragmentary information or value judgments is needed to determine whether to continue or abolish a railway.JEL Classification: R11

著者

斎藤 雄一

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.493-503, 2011 (Released:2011-11-30)

参考文献数

10

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This paper examines consensus-building at Kawagoe city in Saitama prefecture and reviews the adoption of Machidukuri-kihan by Kura-no-kai, a non-profit organization. Kura is a traditional Japanese building that is mainly used for storage. There are many Kuras in Ichiban-gai, the main street of Kawagoe. The Kura-no-kai is comprised of the storeowners of Ichiban-gai. Machidukuri-kihan is the town-building rule based on Pattern-language which was developed by C.Alexander, and he was influenced by the ideas of the linguist N.Chomsky. The book by C.Alexander is very popular in the field of town-building.The preservation of a historical district is very difficult because the right of possession and property is complicated. This study considers the role of Machidukuri-kihan. Previous studies on this issue were published by Dr. Okazaki and Dr. Harashina. Characteristics of and hinderance factors for consensus-building include repulsion for legal restrictions, improvements made to the amenities and campaigns against laying power lines underground. Machidukuri-kihan has been adopted as a design code for the Ichiban-gai and has proven to be a good code.JEL Classification: R5, R28, R58

著者

光多 長温 後藤 和雄 宍戸 駿太郎

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.271-285, 2012 (Released:2013-02-09)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1

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Land prices in Japan changed almost in tandem with the economic growth rate until circa 1970. However, since 1970 these prices have changed with various economic factors other than the economic growth rate. Residential land prices surged in every region until 1985, but decreased until 1990. Only prices in the Tokyo and Kinki areas rose further. From 1995 and onward, after the burst of the bubble economy, residential land prices dropped sharply, especially in the Tokyo and Kinki areas, but the rate of decline became smaller in 2005. Commercial land prices, on the contrary, rose until 1990 in all regions, then dropped sharply until 1995 with the residential land prices. Declines were especially significant in the Tokyo and Kinki areas, where the land prices had surged sharply. Since then the rates of decline have became smaller in every region, and the prices turned upward in the Tokyo and Tokai areas in 2010.These land price changes are caused by various economic factors. This paper analyzes how well economic factors can explain the changes. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to analyze the relationships between the rates of quinquennial residential and commercial land price changes and economic factors. As a result of trial and error, we employed the following 16 economic factors; population, rate of population aging, rate of secondary industries, rate of tertiary industries, unemployment rate, per capita prefectural income, financial capability index, per capita budget allocation from the central and local governments for public works projects, labor productivity, per capita annual retail sales, academic qualification index, capital expenditures, housing starts, product shipment value, consumption expenditures, outstanding loans and discounts. With these analyses, we obtained determination coefficients of 0.69-0.95, with residential land coefficients of 0.80-0.93 and commercial land coefficients of 0.69-0.95 after the degrees of freedom were adjusted. Based on these results we analyzed the relationships between economic conditions and partial correlation coefficients for each period and found the partial correlation coefficients responding to economic conditions in each period affect changes in land prices. Factors affecting land price changes are complex so it is difficult to explain every aspect by these analyses that are also affected by non-economic factors. This paper contributes to the analyses of factors causing changes in land prices of Japan, rather than give a full explanation of land price changes based on economic factors.JEL Classification: R00, R1

著者

原科 幸彦 小野間 史敏

出版者

JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.199-220, 1989-12-30 (Released:2008-10-10)

参考文献数

9

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Environmental disputes often arise in the process of planning such public facilities as highways, airports, incineration plants or wastewater treatment plants. Especially in the case of incineration plants, many residents are afraid that their environment would be damaged by smoke and offensive smell from them.We surveyed nine incineration plants among thirteen plants in the twenty-three wards of Tokyo and interviewed some residents living around them. From this survey, it was considerd that the recent incineration plants seemed to give less damage on the environment than that of the old ones in terms of smoke, offensive smell and waste water from them. But some people still have bad images against it. The causes of an environmental dispute like this supposed to be closely related to citizens' images or consciousness on incineration plants.The purpose of this paper is to find out the factors which affect citizens' consciousness on incineration plants. we, therefore, conducted interview surveys of both the related staff to this problem in the Tokyo Metropolitan Government and the members of the opposing citizens' group against the construction. We conducted questionaire sheet surveys in the areas of the two plants, Adachi and Katsushika, based on these interviews.From the analysis of the data collected in case studies, the following three were concluded. (1) Garvage carts have more influences on forming citizens' consciousness than the operation of the incineration facilities. (2) There are two factors which affect on the change of the citizens' attitudes towards the plants. The one is the image of incineration plants held by the citizens' before the disputes and the other is their experiences through participation in the movement against the construction. (3) The citizens' experienced the dispute would have much better images than before.

著者

孫 林 武藤 慎一 徳永 澄憲 沖山 充

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.113-131, 2006 (Released:2007-06-05)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

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The Chinese government is examining to introduce some environmental and energy policies like as the fuel tax, mileage regulation or tax reduction to low-emission vehicles, to the situation that the load rests upon environmental energy by the rapid growth of automobile market in Chinese. In this paper, we evaluated the environmental or economic impacts generated by introducing such environmental and energy policies by applying the dynamic computable general (DCGE) equilibrium model.From the results of numerical simulation, we obtained the some implications that the setting of high fuel tax level was necessary to regulate fuel consumption more effectively, mileage regulation was most effective policy to fuel reduction and the tax reduction like as Green tax or subsidy policy was necessity to change the type of car to low-emission vehicles.JEL classification: H23, Q51, Q58

著者

足達 健夫 加賀屋 誠一

出版者

JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.131-147, 2001-10-30 (Released:2008-10-10)

参考文献数

9

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The purpose of this study is to consider the possibility to apply a third-sector railway “Furusato-gingasen”, for improvement the service level of transportation between central and eastern Hokkaido. Most of the lines which were separated from JNR (Japan National Railways-the forerunner of Japan Railways) were reborn as thirdsector railways. But the plans of management to maintain the minimal level of transportation infrastructure had not been discussed enough. The environment of transportation in rural areas is expected to become more difficult after the relaxation of restrictions on supply and demand adjustment in mass transit. The economy of Hokkaido Chihoku-kogen Tetsudo Company, the owner of the “Furusato-gingasen”, is not healthy just like other third-sector railways in rural areas. New countermeasures should be estimated and tried at this critical turning point.The first step was test calculation of the high speed improvement utilizing the “Furusato-gingasen”. We had a result that it would cost approximately four billion yen. We also analyzed the attitudes of the residents in Kitami and Abashiri who usually use railways. As the result of the simulation by a modal choice model, it was clear that application of the “Furusato-gingasen” would be able to raise the share of railway transportation between Sapporo and cities in eastern Hokkaido.

著者

押谷 一 山村 悦夫

出版者

JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.121-132, 1996

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The objective of this paper is to summarize an affective measure for industrial water pollution issues in the Philippines on the Model Reference Adaptive Theory.<br>Nowadays, a developing country such as Asian countries are success in modernization and industrialization. However, there are some seriousness of industrial pollution issues, such as water contamination. We can find some difficulty investment for environmental management in developing countries, because those countries prefer to enjoy there profit.<br>We summarize a current state in water pollution problems in the Philippines as example of the developing countries.<br>They believe such investment for environment is not be able to give any profit. We have to realize some environmental damage will bring a some economic restriction. We have an experience on industrial pollution in 1960's and '70's in Japan. We concur the industrial pollution in not only own measure in industrial sector but also some industrial and environmental policy. From our experience in the industrial pollution issues, legislative functions and some investment are required.<br>The Model Reference Adaptive Theory can provide most useful information from experiences as some models, as well as the theories assist to adapt to the developing countries to solve an industrial pollution issue.<br>We would like to suggest that to summarize that re-use of industrial water is secure not only to minimize a discharge a waster water but also to minimize a pollution control cost. It is true that systematic analysis which combined with policy-guided and investment of industries in Japanese experience on the industrial pollution measures.<br>1) input unit of resources in changing industrial structure and changing of environmental quality<br>2) strengthening on environmental regulation due to their aggravation on environmental quality and investment and some affection on economy<br>3) investment for R&D in industry and their effect<br>4) some incentives for environmental conservation and their effect<br>5) creation of environmental business from aggravation of environmental quality and strengthening on environmental regulation<br>We also would like to suggest to set those comprehensive programs from Japanese experience on measure on water pollution.<br>1) Comprehensive program for water usage<br>2) Monitoring plan for water quality<br>3) Comprehensive master plan for environmental management

著者

佐藤 博樹 矢部 光保 山村 悦夫

出版者

JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.1-14, 1997

被引用文献数

3

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In order to reduce municipal waste generation at the source, it is important for the recycling rate and in-home disposal rate to rise. With regards to recycling, with the implementation of new systems in recent years, a generally supportive social consensus has formed. On the other hand, with regards to raising the in-home disposal rate, because of many factors that vary from region to region, it is difficult to achieve uniform progress in this area across the nation. Moreover, apart from regional differences there is also a certain amount of user opposition to be expected against efforts to transfer some of the burden of waste management costs to the individual user. In order for policy in this area to make progress, along with continuous development of waste management technology, it is important to make users aware of the costs involved and encourage them not just to consider waste management as a no-cost municipal service.<br>Using the Double-Bounded DCCVM (Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation Method), we have attempted to elucidate the value in monetary terms at which the users, or the demand side, estimate household solid waste disposal services to be worth-services which have been treated up until now as non-marketable. We have also attempted to elucidate factors that influence users' assessment of the benefit value of the services and to what degree these factors influence their willingness to pay for them.<br>According to the results of this evaluation, the following points became clear. First, since waste management service is considered in economic terminology, as a superior goods of high necessity, the amount respondents were willing to pay tended to increase with income level. Secondly, there was a tendency for respondents who actively practiced waste reduction and who recognized waste disposal problems as serious to be more willing to pay for such services than those who did not. Also, respondents living in single dwelling unit homes displayed a lower willingness to pay than those living in multiple dwelling unit complexes such as apartments. Third, the factor of possible extended future benefit from the services (long term residence in Kitami City), proved to have a significant influence on the amount respondents were willing to pay for waste disposal services. Fourth, when the average amount that respondents indicated in the survey, they were willing to pay for waste disposal services was compared to the actual expenditure per household of Kitami City on household solid waste disposal, the former was found to be higher by an estimated absolute value of equivalent surplus of ¥12, 167 per household per year.

著者

福井 秀夫 多和田 眞 逢坂 誠二

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.4, pp.1103-1129, 2011

著者

矢部 光保

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.3, pp.567-583, 2009

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Revealed preference method is used in policy decision making and many payment vehicles are applied for the evaluation of non-market goods. Especially, the hypothetical new tax is often used and this payment vehicle means a decrease of consumer's disposal income. However, because a policy is enforced by the existing revenue instead of the new tax, we have to decide the desirable cost to be prepared from the existing revenue for the new enterprise without changing disposal income. Therefore, evaluation of relative value between a new and an existing enterprise is necessary. Additionally, a change in public funding from existing revenues does not directly decrease a consumer's disposal income, so the consumer may not be able to evaluate the new enterprise because they do not feel the burden of the expense.<br> This study focuses on bio-ethanol and estimates the appropriate subsidy for domestic production. First, the contingent valuation method was used to estimate additional willingness to pay for domestic bio-fuel with an increased price for gasoline by a decrease of disposal income. Next, to find the relative value of a disposal income and a reallocated tax, the relative value of and gasoline price and subsidies for domestic production of bio-ethanol were estimated by choice modeling and the subsidy for domestic production of bio-ethanol calculated based on these results.<br> Results were as follows: First, the willingness to pay for domestic production of bio-ethanol by the decrease of disposal income was estimated as 3 yen per liter using a contingent valuation survey in Fukuoka Prefecture. Next, the relative value of the disposal income as a increase of gasoline price and the reallocated tax for domestic production was estimated as 0.708 by choice modeling and the subsidy for bio-ethanol production was evaluated as 4.24 yen/liter(=3 yen/liter&divide;0.708). Also, the marginal ratio of substitute between the subsidy for road construction paid by gasoline tax and the subsidy for domestic production of bio-ethanol was estimated and we found that a consumer's utility increases with public funding for bio-ethanol from existing gasoline tax. A tax revenue of 1 yen per liter is equivalent to a revenue of 6 million yen per year, so a considerable subsidy would be accepted if the nation has the same propensity as Fukuoka residents.<br><br>JEL Classification: Q18, Q25 and Q53

著者

辻 京子

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1, pp.61-71, 2015

被引用文献数

2

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Active discussions have taken place in Japan since the 1980s over the diversification and personalization of families and their members. The obviousness of the nuclear family as a form and modern family ideology now appears to have lost relevance. Current child abuse prevention measures regard families with no father as a defect and single-mother families as being at risk of child abuse. <br>This study examined whether public institutions have a tendency to determine single mothers as child abusers, using data on abuse cases handled by a child consultation center. Based on the results of looking at the relationships between family types and the severity of abuse as well as the number of notifications of abuse, it was found that people were more likely to notify a child consultation center of the possibility of abuse for single-mother families than two-parent families with fathers and mothers and tended to report the level of severity at the single-mother families as being "at risk of abuse" and the type of abuse as neglect. Interviews with six single mothers judged as abusers suggested the possibility that public services provided by public institutions were a burden on them. Single mothers judged as abusers are placed on the watch list of public institutions. According to the interviews, these single mothers felt that rejection of public services made the surveillance stronger and that they were rejected from the regional community. These single mothers were frustrated with the regional community. However, they neither tried to fight against the community nor become assimilated into it, in an apparent attempt to maintain a stable life. <br>JEL Classification: Z19