著者

国里 愛彦

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.50-53, 2021-09-30 (Released:2021-12-14)

参考文献数

12

---

Computational psychiatry is an interdisciplinary field that applies computational approaches to the research of mental disorders. The four types of generative models used in computational psychiatry and the benefits of using generative models were explained. As an example of computational psychiatry research, a latent cause model in the return of fear was explained. Latent causal models are generative models of the process by which organisms infer latent causes from observed data, and can explain fear conditioning. As the future challenges in computational psychiatry, the making open of data, analysis codes, and materials and methods for accumulating knowledge about computational psychiatry were discussed.

著者

須藤 珠水 茂木 健一郎

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, 2003

著者

大庭 重治 佐々木 正晴

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.79-88, 1988

---

This study was undertaken to find out (1) what operations one had to carry out beforehand for successful actual drawing of the geometric figures, and (2) what kinds of tasks were useful to get such operations. We set two experiments so that Sub. T (CA 5:6, PIQ 52, VIQ 112, PQ 67) might draw an oblique line and a triangle successfully. The results showed that the operation we originally named "tentative drawing", a trial drawing with a forefinger or eye movement, was requisite before actual drawing with the general instrument like a pen. It was then suggested that "tentative drawing" enabled him to anticipate the result of actual drawing as well as to avoid the error drawing in advance. In addition, this "tentative drawing" was acquired through the "ball task" which required to draw the slope on which a ball would roll down into the glass. This fact suggested that the manner of figure drawing was come into his mind and then established in advance by imaging the movement of a rolling ball along the slope in the "ball task".

著者

山上 精次

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.71-83, 1989-03-31 (Released:2016-11-11)

被引用文献数

1

---

There exists a considerable literature on the early development of visual perception, but much less research on the development of eye movement per se has been reported. This paper reviews the basic research on the early development of the saccades and smooth pursuit movements of the eye. The following topics are discussed: the developmental changes in saccadic latency, the existence of slow saccades and multiple saccades during the early stages of development, and the problem of whether neonates can pursue moving targets smoothly or not. Research on the developmental changes in smooth pursuit eye movements during childhood are also reviewed, and it is pointed out that less quantitative research has been done with children than with infants. In research on the development of eye movements, attentional and arousal factors of the subjects play a very important role. Finally, it is pointed out that the improvement of measuring techniques is neccesary.

著者

吉本 早苗

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.75-84, 2017-09-30 (Released:2017-12-07)

参考文献数

74

---

Time-varying patterns such as flickering lights can cause discomfort and induce seizures in photosensitive observers. An understanding of the temporal characteristics of visual discomfort is therefore important from both scientific and practical viewpoints. The purpose of this paper is to review existing studies on the impact of temporal characteristics on discomfort. Two related factors have been suggested as predictors of discomfort caused by time-varying patterns: (1) excessive contrast energy at the medium temporal frequencies to which the visual system is generally most sensitive, and (2) temporal deviations from the natural (1/f ) statistical characteristic. These effects mirror the visual discomfort caused by spatial patterns, in some ways but not all. The interaction between spatial and temporal parameters needs to be investigated to clarify the factors underlying visual discomfort.

著者

大串 健吾

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.117-121, 1999-03-31 (Released:2016-11-16)

---

Generally, music performances of a piece by different pianists show different expressions. Musical expressions are mainly controlled by varying the IOI (InterOnset Interval) pattern of adjacent notes and the dynamics pattern of notes. First, the IOI pattern and the dynamics pattern of Mozart's piano sonata K. 331 by a professional pianist were shown and the characteristics of the patterns were described. Second, an experimental result by Repp (1997) was introduced. It shows that average music performances were rated higher in aesthetic quality compared to most individual performances. Therefore, an average music performance of Mozart's piano sonata K. 331 by six pianists were physically analyzed. The analysis showed that the IOI increased at the end of a phrase and that the dynamics pattern showed a inverted U form in a phrase. This may be assumed to be a general rule for a music performance. To examine this assumption, artificial performances were produced by manipulating the IOI pattern and the dynamics pattern and the aesthetic quality of those performances were rated. The result suggested that the assumption was right.

著者

三浦 利章

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.64-69, 2001-09-30 (Released:2016-11-18)

被引用文献数

1

---

Effects of some factors on relation between visual search and internal representation were examined in real behavioral situations: knowledge in Bonsai appreciation, way of concern in an assembly task, skill in piano playing from a viewpoint of perceptual-motor coordination and useful field of view, and, demands in automobile driving from a viewpoint of useful field of view. Skill and knowledge are prerequisites for formation of efficient and appropriate representation. This was demonstrated through scan-path, span of preview, useful field of view, and temporal stability of perceptual-motor coordination. Furthermore, establishment of procedure of behavior was suggested to be significant for formation of representation. On the other hand, it was demonstrated that useful field of view becomes narrower under demanding situations because of limitation of attention resource.

著者

中島 定彦

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.36-47, 2014

---

This paper reviews the last 50 years of experimental and theoretical research on Pavlovian conditioning in animals. It is the history of the movement from simple "spit-and-twitch" psychology to information processing views of associative learning. In 1962, Egger and Miller reported a pivotal study suggesting that information value is important in establishing an effective conditioned stimulus. In the late 1960s, Wagner, Rescorla, and Kamin published historic research papers demonstrating the importance of information value (i.e., predictability of the forthcoming significant event) by showing new phenomena in Pavlovian conditioning: relative cue validity, contingency effect, and associative blocking. The Rescorla–Wagner model came on stage in 1972 to explain these phenomena and successfully predicted new phenomena, although this model had some shortcomings. Subsequent theories of Pavlovian conditioning have challenged to deal with these shortcomings, and the recent theoretical development is linked to computational modeling in a variety of ways.

著者

一川 誠 西村 好古

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.136, 2006-09-30 (Released:2016-12-01)

著者

淺田 早苗

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.283-284, 2010-03-31 (Released:2016-12-01)

著者

淺田 早苗

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.283-284, 2010

著者

村上 郁也

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.196-198, 2015-03-30 (Released:2015-05-14)

参考文献数

1

---

This short note is a report on the recent foundation of “the Science of Mental Time”: a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas, started in 2013. This interdisciplinary research team consists of 5-year Programmed Researches titled “Present”, “Past”, “Future”, “Pathological Conditions”, “Linguistics and Philosophy”, and “Comparative Ethology”, as well as many 2-year Proposed Researches. The main goals of this research team is to disentangle intricate questions about time representations in the mind, to propose suggestions for future approaches in applied psychology, and to clarify phylogeny and ontogeny of mental time. For these purposes, investigators from diverse disciplines are vigorously working together through semiannual meetings, occasional symposia, and collaborative research projects.

著者

久野 覚

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.102-106, 1999-09-30 (Released:2016-11-17)

著者

岩田 惠理

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.92-95, 2014-09-30 (Released:2014-11-26)

参考文献数

6

---

Fish is the vertebrate that first appeared on the earth. While it has been found that many fish species are highly social, their brain has less complex organization than mammals. Thus, studying social behavior in fish has a great advantage in understanding of emotion, which is common to all the vertebrates. Among all, Anemonefishes live symbiotically with sea anemones and form a social unit that consists of a breeding pair and several sexually immature individuals. The hierarchy of the social rank is strictly maintained in a group. Agonistic behaviors are observed frequently among the members of a group, which are essential for maintenance of the social structure, as well as for their sex determination. The differences in agonistic behavior according to social status were also detected directed at conspecific intruders. The aggressive behaviors were specifically directed at intruders of the same sexual status, not at those of the opposite sex. These results suggest that sexually mature resident anemonefish perceive intruders of the same sexual status as competitors for reproductive status.

著者

寺本 渉

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.80-89, 2020-09-30 (Released:2020-11-18)

参考文献数

49

---

Falls are a significant concern for older adults because they can sometimes drive the development of dementia. With age, sensory noise increases at the input level, while the precision, frequency, and diversity of physical movements decrease at the output level. These changes could prevent the brain from appropriately reweighting several sensory signals for body perception and action and from recalibrating representations related to the body and body movements, resulting in increased risk of falling. In fact, our data demonstrate that the sense of body ownership of the foot (but not the hand), peripersonal space representations, and motor imagery of gait are differently established between older adults with a higher risk of falling and those with a lower risk. Physical exercise is not only useful for the prevention of muscle weakness, the enhancement of the cardiovascular systems, and an increase in brain blood flow, but also contributes to the statistical reduction of sensory noise because several sensory feedback signals are available, enabling appropriate recalibration. However, physical exercise is sometimes unsafe for older adults who already have physical weakness. Fall prevention programs implemented through a virtual reality system would provide them with another exercise tool to effectively stimulate the sensory-motor circuits in the brain and recalibrate their multisensory integration process and body-related representations in a safe, diversified, and individually tuned environment.

著者

吉本 浩二

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.53-59, 2020-09-30 (Released:2020-11-18)

参考文献数

1

---

Having joined a panel discussion about visual disability and the psychonomic science, I considered how I could contribute from a standpoint that I myself am visually impaired. I have serious low vision. My vision is less than counting finger. My eyes are retinitis pigmentosa, which is a progressive disease. I’ve been losing my eyesight since primary school. In this article, I discuss how the psychonomic science research may relate to visual disability issues from my personal experience of progressive eye disease to the blind.

著者

河邉 隆寛 三浦 佳世

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.211-214, 2006-03-31 (Released:2016-11-25)

---

Artists can get space and time into a static pictorial scene. Although the pictorial scene is in many parts inconsistent with the physical properties of real scene, we doubtlessly feel the pictorial scene as having a reality. On the other hand, interestingly, we know the pictorial scene is not real. How can we overcome this coexistence of incompatible realities, physical and psychological realities? Here we review the studies investigating the memory displacement of objects with the motion lines that are one of techniques to depict the motion on a still image, and discuss that the efficacy of visual stimulation by the pictorial technique determines the dominance between physical and psychological realities: when the latter is dominated over the former, we get caught up in the picture.

著者

大芦 治

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.1, pp.19-25, 1992-08-31 (Released:2016-11-12)

---

This experiment was designed to examine the reformulated theory of learned helplessness (Abramson, Seligman, & Teasdale, 1978) and the diathesis-stress model of depression (Metalsky, Abramson, Seligman, Semmel, & Peterson, 1982). Thirty depressed and 30 non-depressed students were divided into three groups (contingent, noncontingent, control). In the contingent group, subjects received controllable aversive noise. In the noncontingent group, subjects received uncontrollable aversive noise. In the control group, subjects did not receive any pre-treatment. Then three groups were exposed to seventy escape trials. The results partially supported the reformulated learned helplessness model. As the theory predicts, the pretreatment significantly impaired the performance of both depressed and nondepressed. On the other hand, contrary to the theory's prediction, depressed subjects did not show any significant impairment in their performance as compared with nondepressed subjects in the contingent and noncontingent group. And in the control group depressed subjects performed better than nondepressed subjects. These findings are inconsistent with diathesis-stress model which claims that only depressed subjects show helplessness when exposed to uncontrollable events.

著者

岡本 安晴

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.44-55, 2011-09-30 (Released:2016-12-01)

被引用文献数

1

---

Bayesian analysis is applied to experimental data to effectively exploit information by the up-down method. Comparing Bayesian analysis to the standard one, which estimates the point of subjective equality (PSE) by averaging part of the comparison stimuli, confirms the two methods do not differ in terms of the PSE estimation. However, the standard analysis estimates only the PSE, whereas Bayesian analysis can also estimate a just noticeable difference (JND). Estimates of the PSE and JND determine a psychometric function. These results reveal that the Bayesian analysis is useful and superior to the standard analysis.

著者

奈良 雅俊

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.202-206, 2013-03-30 (Released:2016-12-01)

---

The Belmont Report stated the ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of human subjects of biomedical and behavioral research. It has been pointed out that Japanese psychologists introduced the IRB review system without thoroughly understanding the principles. In applying new research instruments, they will face ethical issues related to the privacy and dignity of the subject. They will be asked to deal with the problem of incidental findings that arise from the use of fMRI and the human genome sequencer. They are expected to make a framework for the protection of subjects by understanding the principles of the Belmont Report.