著者

松下 戦具 松尾 龍平 北岡 明佳

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, 2013

著者

河原 純一郎

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.81-84, 2016-09-30 (Released:2016-10-25)

著者

河原 純一郎

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.81-84, 2016

著者

池田 まさみ 渡邊 淳司

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.72-78, 2016

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<p>In this article, we introduce science outreach activities of a committee in the Japanese Psychonomic Society. The committee named as "The JPS committee for developing teaching materials for high school students" started in 2012, aiming at developing interactive teaching materials and media workshops (MWS) for science education, specifically for education of the "brain and mind." The committee members consist of the researchers of various fields, such as cognitive psychology, engineering education, interaction design, virtual reality and media arts. Media technologies enable us to create teaching materials that are directly linked to the students' experiences. Specifically, using computer graphics technologies, we developed a visualization system called "Face Homunculus Viewer (FHV)" and a face image transformation system called "Accidental Resemblance Generator (ARG)." The usage of the systems in the MWS can provide opportunities for students to gain deeper understanding of their brain and mind, and to learn the methods used in psychological experiments. The committee provided FHV application and documented procedures of the MWS for public, in order to broaden the user of the application, such as teachers at schools and science communicators at science museums. The MWS of ARG was also used for the validity evaluation of face image transformation method. For further development of the MWS we are planning to hold an "ideathon" (idea marathon) of concepts of new teaching materials.</p>

著者

山口 真美

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.47-52, 2016

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<p>In this paper we discuss two topics of infants' studies. First is typical and atypical development of face processing. There are many studies on the atypical social development, especially infants' development with high risks is current topic in developmental disorders. In these studies under 12 month olds who have an older sibling diagnosed with the disorder were selected for high-risk infants. Many studies have documented that impairments of the face processing was found in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). And recently, abnormal development of a subcortical system originates in the magnocellular pathway of the primate visual system was primary trigger to impairments of higher visual processing. McCleery, Allman, Carver, & Dobkins (2007) reported that contrast sensitivity of the high-risk infants exhibited greater than that of normal infants. Second topic is development of face processing. In these studies we found similarity in the developmental pattern between languages and face processing. Further, we discuss importance for infant's learning faces in poor resolution. Infant's face learning model showed that poor image faces (low-pass faces) made facial learning easily, additionally this low-pass face learning could generalize to process the normal faces. In a sense, infant's poor acuity decreases the information in the face processing during infancy and this promote face learning.</p>

著者

山崎 晃男

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.25-28, 2016

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<p>Music often moves us and provides great pleasure. The origins of this ability of music remain a mystery. Recently, an increasing number of studies have proposed evolutionary theories of human musicality, although several researchers deny the adaptive value of music. In this paper, the origins of the pleasure that music provides were discussed in terms of human evolution and cultural adaptation. A possibility in which both evolutionary and cultural adaptation resulted in the pleasure of music was shown. Next, the relationship between music and visual stimuli was focused on. Owing to the development of music devices and the Internet, music is heard increasingly with visual stimuli, like background music in everyday life, films, drama, dance, computer games, music videos, etc. Based on the author's findings on the cross-modal effects between music and visual stimuli, the pleasure of listening to music with visual stimuli was discussed. It was emphasized that the meaning of music is strengthened, changed, and multi-layered by visual stimuli when it is enjoyed with the visual stimuli.</p>

著者

田根 健吾 道又 爾

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.1-10, 2016

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<p>Participants performed an association-learning task between colors and geometric figures. In the explicit presentation condition, the color and the figure were fully visible. In the implicit presentation condition, a continuous flash suppression technique was used so that the pairs were not consciously visible. After the learning procedure was complete, participants performed a two-alternative, forced-choice task in which they were to choose the learned pairs. In one-third of the trials, unlearned pairs were presented (the non-presentation condition). During the choice task, participant's eye movements were monitored. Results indicated that in all three conditions, there was a gaze bias toward the chosen pair prior to the response (gaze cascade effect, e.g., Shimojo, Simion, Shimojo, & Scheier, 2003). The gaze bias in the implicit presentation condition was higher than in the non-presentation condition. Moreover, the gaze bias started earlier in the implicit presentation condition than in the other conditions. These results supported the hypothesis that the gaze cascade effect reflects the process by which implicit information is used in making conscious decisions. Possible mechanisms of the gaze cascade effect are discussed.</p>

著者

綾部 早穂

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.79-80, 2016-09-30 (Released:2016-10-25)

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This is a proposal on establishment of Diverse Career Paths for Experimental Psychologists Committee of Japanese Psychonomic Society (JPS). The goal of the activity of this Committee is to investigate and analyze both needs and seeds of experts of experimental psychology in the industry, and to communicate the knowledge concerned within JPS and between other societies.

著者

田邊 宏樹

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.72-78, 2009

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There are two fundamental principles of functional organization in the human brain: functional specialization, and integration. Functional specialization assumes a local specialization for certain aspects of information processing. However, this view cannot characterize how local areas interact with each other. The other view, functional integration within a system, is able to address and characterize this issue in terms of effective connectivity. Effective connectivity is defined as the causal influences that neural units exert over another. This view is gradually gaining importance in the study of functional neuroimaging. The present article at first introduced four types of dynamic systems that are framed in terms of analyses of functional and effective connectivity. It then focused on dynamical causal modelling (DCM). The conceptual and mathematical basis of DCM are reviewed. The key advantage of DCM is that it allows for generating plausible models of neural population dynamics, and uses a biophysical forward model that describes the transformation from neural activity to hemodynamic response. A Bayesian model selection procedure is an additional benefit. Finally, notions for the usage of DCM have been described.

著者

大山 正 鳥居 修晃 佐藤 隆夫 高砂 美樹

出版者

The Japanese Psychonomic Society

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.152-161, 2015

著者

遠藤 光男

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.155-155, 2015-09-30 (Released:2015-12-26)

参考文献数

2

著者

遠藤 光男

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.156-161, 2015-09-30 (Released:2015-12-26)

参考文献数

37

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Our adaptive visual processes require us to quickly detect human presences in a visual scene. In this light, it is proven that faces and human body forms particularly capture our attention, which connotes the key roles these two aspects play in how we detect others. Functional neuro-imaging studies have revealed three face-selective and three body-selective regions in the human cortex. It is found that each of these body- selective areas is located in close proximity to one of the three face-selective areas respectively, and that the corresponding areas have similar functioning. Yet until quite recently, there have been but few studies that address how we detect faces or human presence against natural backgrounds. This paper reviewing studies on the earlier stages of visual processing of faces and human presence, includes proposals for further research.

著者

能智 正博 山田 麗子 草野 修輔

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.11-15, 1994

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We report a patient who developed hemi-spatial neglect and visuo-constructive disability caused by cerebral infarctions in the right parietal and occipital lobes. Her writing was characterized by omissions of the left strokes in several kana-characters as well as symptoms of spatial agraphia. When asked to count the number of strokes in kana-characters from memory, she also made a report that suggested omissions of the left strokes in the same characters. Based on those observations, we infer that the left hemi-spatial neglect affected the one higher level writing process which involves visual representation of kana-characters. Also, we hypothesize that the disorder on that level manifested itself in her handwriting because her visuo-constructive disability prevented the motor component of the writing process from compensating for that influence of hemi-spatial neglect.

著者

鳥居 修晃 望月 登志子

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, 1999

著者

佐々木 正晴 鳥居 修晃 望月 登志子

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, 1982

著者

望月 登志子

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.53-70, 1989

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In order to clarify the characteristics of perception of visual space in the early or congenitally blind who have just gained sight after surgery, a series of experiments covering a period of over 10 years were conducted. Subject KT in this paper, who lost her sight binocularly due to congenital cataract, received the operation on her left eye at the age of 15. The following results were obtained: (1) The perceived size of an object placed at various distances on a table decreases when the physical distance exceeds 20cm approximately. The ratio of perceived sizes to physical distances demonstrates that the size constancy is not so high as that of the normally sighted adult. (2) Color perception was slightly easier than that of shape, but it became difficult when the observation distance (D) extended 60cm and when the size of color paper was small. (3) Identification of the shape of a figure was difficult when the figure was presented at D>35cm. At a near distance she could scan the shape as a whole, but at a far distance, KT had to employ the strategy of partial scanning.

著者

佐々木 正晴 鳥居 修晃 望月 登志子

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, 1994

著者

望月 登志子

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.89-101, 1997

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鏡映像の位置を鏡面上に定位し,何の像であるかを織別する活動に関して,開眼少女MOが観察と実験場面で示した結果は次のように要約することができる.(1)自己の鏡映像に初めて対面したときのMOは,鏡そのものを漠然と見るだけこ留まり,映像の位置を定位することもできず,それを自分の映像として認識することは一層困難であった.(2)映像の位置を何とか定位できるようになった段階で,当初対象を探索した場所は鏡の表面乃至は背後の空間であり.鏡と対面する側の手前の空間に対象を探索し始めたのは後の段階であった.(3)映像を鏡の表面上に定位できるようになっても,最初はその映像の対象を自己の動きを模倣する他者であると(実在化して)捉えていた.しかし,触っても鏡面上に対象を捉えることができないことを知ったMOは,鏡の背後にそれを視・触覚的に探索することを始めた.だが,そこにも実対象を捉えることができないことを知ると,恐怖の念を示しつつも鏡の映像機能に気づき始め,それは鏡が映し出した映像であることを徐々に認めるようになった.(4)ただし,映像を見てそれが誰であるかを識別することはまだ困難であった.2年余りの間に断続的に行なわれた実験的試行を経て,自己の映像であることの認識は発生しており,他者像に比べて自己像の認識の方が若干容易である可能性が窺える.ただし自己像については,洋服の色と身体の動きとを容易に照合できることが判断を有利にしている可能性がある.とは言え,顔の形態的特徴に基づいてひとの認識がなされているわけではなく,他者の識別には,背の高さや髪の毛の長さも手がかりとして援用された.(5)MOは,鏡に映る動く対象を最初はすべて「人」として捉えていたが,「人」に限らず,鏡に対面している「事物」や「風景」なども映るという鏡の「映像機能」を理解するに至ったのは後の段階においてであった.その意味では,初期の知覚過程にとって鏡映像の認知が難しいのは必ずしも「人」を対象にした為ではないことを示唆するものである.鏡の映像機能を理解するまでには,自分が手に持っている事物もその鏡と対面する側面が映し出されるという事実や,自分の背後にあることをすでに知っている樹木やカーテンも自分とともに映っている,という現象にMOは気づいている.実験場面で得たこのような体験は,映像の実在化を否定して対象と映像を分離して捉え,映像と対象の空間的位置関係を了解することに一つの転機をもたらした.しかし,鏡映像と対象では,前後,左右関係が逆になることに気づき始めたのはさらに後の段階であった.(6)現在でほ,鏡の反射機能及び実像と映像の空間関係についてMOはある程度の理解を得たと考えられるが,鏡をモニターとして道具的に使用するまでには未だ至っていない.

著者

佐々木 正晴 鳥居 修晃 望月 登志子

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, 1996

著者

大日向 達子 望月 登志子

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, 1988