著者

川道 麟太郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.385, pp.95-102, 1988-03-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

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Analogies are widely and variously used in architecture. This paper is the first part of a study for proving the state of the permeation of analogy and its significance by investigating analogies in the following three categories: the "concept", "design" and "perception" of architecture. In this paper, by referring to the "analogical design" of Geoffrey Broadbent, I deal with analogy in the category, "design". The function of analogical design can be grasped through two aspects '. One is that as a design method and the other is its effect, which relates to the symbolism and identity of architecture. Analogy begins with the recognition of similarity and is guided by it, but the similarity is not found in similar things but in rather different kinds of things. Therefore, analogical design also usually draws analogies from things other than architecture, and thus, its characteristics vividly come out. However, there are some cases where analogy is drawn from architecture and vernacular buildings. In these cases, analogy seems to get close to the meaning of "imitation", but analogy has to be distinguished from it. Comparing analogy with imitation, the former is more operative, conversive and sophisticated, while the latter is more direct, straightforward and obedient.

著者

藤谷 陽悦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.444, pp.157-167, 1993-02-28 (Released:2017-12-25)

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In 1921, the Ofuna Denentoshi Co. Ltd. was established to construct the garden city in Japan. But it is not known the detail of its motivation and purpose that they established it, and the project of the residential quarter because it bunkrupped halfway. The Watanabe family the business proprietor had managed the plan of Watanabe-cho that was taken notice of the ideal garden suburbs in Tokyo Nippori. The Watanabe family was not satisfied with the Watanabe-cho project and they established the company the Ofuna Denentoshi Co. Ltd. to construct the garden city. This article report presents the business contents which had been taken out by the Ofuna Denentoshi Co. Ltd. from the news and the project reports of company and considers the contents of the residential quarter "Shin Kamakura" which had been constructed in front of Ofuna station.

著者

鈴木 亘

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.374, pp.100-110, 1987-04-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

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It is since Han age that the existence of Chao Tang (|§1gO is confirmed in the Chinece Imperial Palace. This paper is intended to study the formation of Chao Tang from Han to Tang age, and to show the process of its changes, as well as its architectural characteristics.

著者

羽生 修二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.366, pp.124-131, 1986-08-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

著者

西 和夫 荒井 朝江

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.377, pp.140-147, 1987-07-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

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The Katsura villa is very famous in Japan as one of the most excellent Sukiya architecture. It was the villa of Katsurano-miya Household. Katsurano-miya had four villas. One of them was ofcourse the Katsura villa. Other three of them were the Takagamine villa (Kita-ku, Kyoto City) , the Misasagi villa (Nishigyo-ku, Kyoto City) , the Kaiden villa (Nagaokakyo City). These three villas are now not in existence. This is the study on the Takagamine villa (Takagamine-oyashiki). The Takagamine villa was situated in Takagamine-dotenjo-cho, Kita-ku and Kinugasa-kagamiishi-cho, Kita-ku. There were five graceful and simple Chaya (small pavilion) , Getsuro, Kan-un, Machibito, Shunju, Kairaku.

著者

清水 擴

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.389, pp.136-142, 1988-07-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

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The purpose of this paper is to make clear the genealogy of the interior decoration of "Amidado" in Heian era. The conclusions are as follows. (1) The sourse of the interior decoration of "Amidado" exists in halls of Hojoji temple. (2) The method of interior decoration was completed in Hoodo, and the other "Amidado" took Hoodo for a model. (3) "Kuhon-ojo-zu" and "Gokuraku-jodo-zu" were the main themes of the interior painting, and several "Hiten", sculpture or painting, were arranged of the upper walls. (4) The first example of the use of "Raden" (mother-of-pearl-work) existed in "Amidado" of Hojoji, and of "Makie" (lacquer) in Tohokuin of Hojoji. (5) Introduction of the painting of "Ryokai-mandara" on the columns is due to belief in "Komyo shingon".

著者

上野 邦一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.389, pp.125-135, 1988-07-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

被引用文献数

1

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There are two drawings of great fires at 1832 in Takayama local museum. In two drawings, I can get many informations on Takayama at 1832, for example, a shape of the town, a site of house, a distribution of "Kashiya" (houses of rent) and its owners. Three south-north roads were main streets and there were some esat-west paths that connected them. Along even three main street, there were "Kashiya" s over fifty percent, and "Kashiya" s made a row in both sides of east-west paths. There were fields on the west side of Katahara-machi, however they were not found in the map at 1873. There were seven merchants who had more than ten "Kashiya"s. There were some "Kashiya" owners who lived outside of Takayama. Some "Kashiya" owners employed "Yamori", the person who managed lands and building instead of the owner. I can not find "Yamori" in two drawings, however, I can find "Yamori" in a kinds of cencus register contemporary with drawings. After the great fire, it is often found the case that the renter rebuilt the houses. The big fire was the opportunity that owners disposed of lands and houses. Almost part of Takayama was destroyed again by the great fire at 1876. After twice great fires, Takayama kept the former road pattern and the former shape of house. This had maken Takayama into the traditional town. I think that Takayama kept the shape of the town till the end of the second War.

著者

小寺 武久

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.427, pp.149-157, 1991-09-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

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The hydraulic power stations, as going up the valleys in early 20th century, were confronted with a scenic problem and were obliged to be suitable to the scenary. Shiro SATO, an architect, was invited to design these buildings on Kiso River. The building of Momoyama power station (1923) was i built in Neo-Gothic style in reinforced concrete, but the outer surfaces of which were remained to be bare concrete as cast. This somewhat curious feature is supposed to have been an attempt by the architect, aiming to establish a style of modern architecture. It also seems to symbolize the situation of Japanese architecture in 1920s.

著者

青木 義次

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

no.418, pp.41-50, 1990-12-30

被引用文献数

3

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The utilization of computer technology in architectural design has enormous potentials to enable the designer to put more time in thinking creative thoughts. The aim of this study is to enhance the potentials by developing language system which supports the designer to express his idea of architectural form. Fundamental requirements for the language system to denote architectural form are outlined through categolyzing the vocabularies collecting from architectural literatures and as results of experiments; a) denoting the form of FARNSWORTH HOUSE by language expression and b) remaking a plan and elevation of FARNSWORTH HOUSE only from the language expression. A basic model which is based on the above requirements is proposed as a language system denoting architectural form. This model is implemented as a part of CAD system and is tested its efficiency in utilization.

著者

加藤 仁美

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

no.387, pp.87-98, 1988-05-30

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The aims of this paper are to explain the relation between the standards established by the civil authorities and the actual circumstances of the prirate roads opened by the owners, and to consider the part that these standards performed in the residential development in the first term of Miji era. Conclusions as follows; 1) The standard in the Teinairoji rule in 1874, three kens wide except the sewers on both sides, was the lowest level that the civil authorities established with the view of horses and carts passing. 2) But practically it was difficult that the owners opened the private road in above three kens. 3) The intention with which the civil authorities investigated the Teinairoji, laid no tax on it in public interests and approved it the Minyudoro, was to keep the Teinairoji of low level under goverment control as well as possible. 4) However the owners were not pleased with the benefits from tax exemption, and were unhappy with the restriction of using their own land and the reduction of their own tytle to land property. 5) Under the circumstances, the private road standard that lowered the level to correspond to the actual conditions, lowered the road's level in the city in those days.

著者

渡辺 俊 中村 良三 渡辺 仁史

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

no.403, pp.97-104, 1989-09-30

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The paper describes methods of estimating traffic planning for sightseeing, and sample study at Kanazawa city. In order to do the estimation two models are proposed. One is the mathematical model to find out the proper scale of the parking lot in the city area, using time series quantity data of traffic cars. The proper scale is defined by the maximum number of the time series sums of general traffic cars and sightseeing ones and capacity of crossings on the accessing routes to the city area. The other is the computer simulation model to forecast traffic jams. Fundamental framework of this is based on the Object-Oriented Event-Driven Simulation. In this model, in addition to deal with general traffic cars and sightseeing one individually, they are represented in the independent object. And it is characteristic of the model to use space network data directory instead of the block diagram like GPSS and make it possible to cope with changes of traffic planning automatically.

著者

野崎 淳夫 吉澤 晋 小峯 裕己

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

no.411, pp.9-16, 1990-05-30

被引用文献数

4

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It is important ot clarify the air pollutant emission rates from the appliances in residences in order to protect indoor air from polluting. Traditionally, the unvented portable kerosene heaters have been one of the most popular heaters in Japan. These unvented kerosene fired space heaters, as well known, produce accumulation of contaminants indoors, of which concentration depends on the room's ventilation characteristics as well as the appliance'. Especially the emission rates from the devices have the characteristics that change in the residence with low ventilation rate where slight decrease of oxygen concentration is caused by usage of combustion appliances in a room itself. We conducted laboratory tests on their air pollutant's emission rates under lower or higher ventilation rates to determine the relationships between indoor concentration of oxygen and the emission rates of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide from two popular types of heaters in Japan. One type is of radiant kerosene space heater, the other is of kerosene fueled "fan heater" which are widely utilized in throughout Japan. We found that, with O_2 depression, CO generation rate gradually increased and NO_x generation gradually decreased.

著者

前川 道郎

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

no.359, pp.135-144, 1986-01-30

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I have carefully scrutinized literary works of the 12th and 13th century hilosophers-DIDASCALICON by Hugh of St. -Victor, DE ANIMAE EXSILIO ET PATRIA by Honorius of Autun, DE REDUCTIONE ARTlUM AD THEOLOGIAM by St. Bonaventure, and DE DIVISIONE PHILOSOPHIAE by Dominicus Gundissalinus-in view of the classification of philosophy, science or discipline, and the orientation of MECHANICA and ARCHITECTONICA therein. In Hugh's work, MECHANICA which includes ARCHITECTONICA and six other sciences, is classified as one of four main disciplines (three others are THEORICA, PRACTICA and LOGICA) which contain traditional seven liberal arts. On the other hand, Honorius considered MECHANICA as one of ten liberal arts, which means that MECHANICA is nothing but a discipline (Wissenschaft). Thus, from 12 th century on, which is the end of Romanesque Era and the dawn of Gothic, MECHANICA and ARCHITECTONICA recovered, it seems, the ancient Greek and Roman significance of RATIOCINATIO as compared with FABLICA. 13th century, which is a century of splendid Gothic cathedrals, is also a century of preeminent architect-mastermasons. They are sometimes compared to and with high clergies and scholastic masters, as were Pierre de Montreuil and Hugh Libergier done. The fact that Gothic architects are a sort of scholars who had mastered the discipline-science which is now called architecture, is ascertained by these works of eminent philosophers in the Middle Ages.

著者

呉谷 充利

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

no.447, pp.143-153, 1993-05-30

被引用文献数

3

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The summary is as follows: Viollet-le-Duc's rationalism constituted the essential parts of his paintings. This rationalism between mechanics and form of Gothic is transformed in his paintings into the unity of dualism, such as reason and emotion, which formed his basic concept of architecture. The artistic production can be interpreted, so to speak, as "unity of double changes", as unity of double changes such as construction into form, form into construction, for example. In searching for this idealistic unity, he encountered "L'espace indicible" which exhibits the basic Body of Modern Age, resonant with nature in his creation.

著者

田辺 新一 長谷部 ヤエ

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

no.448, pp.1-8, 1993-06-30

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

33

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Control principle and evaluation method for thermal environment with the thermal manikin are described in this paper. Under the still air conditions, nude and clothed thermal manikin was exposed to measure skin temperatures and heat loss. Combined heat transfer coefficient for nude conditions were estimated and they were not depended on the surrounding temperatures and its averaged value was 7.9 W/m^2℃. Those at foot and hand were bigger than other parts and thigh and crotch were smaller. The method to calculate PMV from total heat loss was described. Estimation of clo value from heat loss, skin temperature of manikin, and equivalent temperature were discussed here.

著者

山田 朋来 延藤 安弘

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

no.443, pp.41-50, 1993-01-25

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this paper is to find out the factors which induce the various human living values in the neibouring environment. It may be assumed that interrelationship between environment and community creates such values. We concerned with the maintenance process in the shared space of co-operative housing 'Ajirogi-yokochoh' where the residents' participation has been made both in the planning and in the management. In conclusion, the sense of community is changeable but one of the factors which renew the satisfactory community is the diverse meanings of socializing in the process of improving the environment.

著者

山崎 均 真鍋 正規

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

no.404, pp.37-47, 1989-10-30

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Architects create their architectures. As the way of architectural presentations, there are drawings (plans, elevations, sections...), perspectives, models, and etc. In the past, these drawings are made by humans with handwriting, but recently we can get the most part of them by using computer. Computer graphics techniques can generate architectural perspectives. Useful examples of computer perspectives are followings : (1) idea sketches (2) optical emvironmental simulations (3) finish material simulations (4) design and color simulations for interiors and furnitures (5) exterior simulations (6) architectural environmental simulations (7) presentations Many display devices and algorithms are developped for Computer graphics. CRT is the most important device for display perspectives. Typical examples of CRT are random scan refresh CRT, storage tube CRT, and raster refresh CRT. About softoware, important algorithms are depth sort algorithm, z-buffer algorithm, scan line algorithm, and ray tracing algorithm. Halftonig techniques for using display with a limited range of output values are halftone patterns, dither method, PSET 4 subroutine, and etc. Precise image communication isn't procecuted using only handwriting drawings. As desigin goes, the architectural image sets shape. Thers is a limit to the drawing presentations. In order to communicate the architect's image precisely we need perspectives or models. Therefore the perspectives must present the image as real as possible. The perspectives generated by computer are sutable for such use very match. Especially the ray tracing method can generate the most real image.

著者

西垣 安比古

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

no.420, pp.83-93, 1991-02-28

被引用文献数

1

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In this report we discuss about the meaning of dwelling topo-logically through Yi T' oegye's "陶山十二曲 (twelve poems on Dosan)". In the first half of these poems, T' oegye's calm life in his hermitage is described. His house was set between a mountain and a river, and his life in this place was united with nature. The last poem of the first half includes two inportant phrase of "鳶飛魚躍 (A kite is flying in the sky and fishes are jumping in the river)" and "雲影天光 (Shadow of clouds and the light of the sky are wandering together)". From the former phrase we can understand that T' oegye's way of life was united with Heaven, and everything was able to take place in its own way of being at the place where he lived. In the latter phrase of "雲影天光", T'oegye talked about the importance of thinking to dwell between a mountain and a river in its true meaning. That thinking to dwell must be a search for the origin of all phenomena. And T'oegye showed that thinking will be realized by "観書 (Reading books)" in the way of "俟 (wait)". To dwell between a mountain and a river is completely subjective conduct, but at the same time it was regarded as the conduct without intention. In the last hall of "陶山十二曲", Yi T'oegye shows that man must intend to act without intention to dwell between a mountain and a river. A mountain exists and a river flows without intention, so man must follow those natural things to dwell. We understand the following facts from "陶山十二曲". By dwelling between a mountain and a river, man can realize himself and open the stage of "道(Tao)". This stage of "道" is absolute and transcendental but immanent.

著者

児玉 桂子

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

no.385, pp.53-63, 1988-03-30

被引用文献数

2

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Based on the postulation that it is very importnat that proper architectural conditions for the construction of homes for the aged enhance the residnets' adaptability to their living environment, the purpose of this article is to: 1) examine a) what effect the present architectural conditions of the homes for the aged have on the amount and kind of architectural complaints. B) whether the differences in policy and program of the facilities develop different kind of effect on the amount and kind of architectural complaints. C) whether the differences in physical functions and the sex of the residents develop different kind of effect on the amount and kind of architectural complaints. 2) fine out how we can decrease the number of complaints pertaining to architectural conditions of the homes for the aged raised by the residents. I have selected 8 facilities (6 Homes for the Aged, 1 Type A & B Home with Moderate Fee) out of the nearly entire 44 such facilities in Tokyo.. Selection has been made to cover the full range of score on the Rating Scale for the Environmental Features of Residential Faciliies for the Aged (Kodama, 1986). I have evaluated the above facilities on the Architectural Features Checklist. And then deduced the architectural scores on each of the following eight categories on the Architectural Features Checklist '. 1) physical amenity, 2) socio-recreational aids, 3) prosthetic aids, 4) informational aids within the building, 5) safety features, 6) architectural individuality, 7) space and equipment, 8) community accessibility. And the architectural scores for each category was given according to the ranks of the five architectural conditions: 1) 0.0-39.9, 2) 40.0-59.9, 3) 60.0-79.9, 4) 80.0-99.9, 5) 100.0. The higher scores indicate better conditions. I selected 377 subjects for our questionnaire. I chose only those, who were both intellectually capable of fully understanding the questions and were physically able to lead a normal life on their own. I graded and recorded their cemplaints on the Architectural Complaints Checklist, which is divided into the same 8 categories as the Architectural Features Checklist. The higher scores indicate greater number of complaints. 26.1 % men and 73. 9 % women were interviewed, their average being 76. 3 years old (S. D. 5. 9). The survey was conducted from August to September, 1984. Conclusion 1) How architectural conditions affect the number of architectural complains raised. The scores on the Architectural Complaints Checklist pertaining to the following six categories '. A) physical ameity, b) socio-recreational aids, c) informational aids within the building, d) architectural individuality, e) space and equipment, f) community accessibility, differed significantly from each other, depending on the architectural conditions. Measures to improve the points on the architectural score of these six categories decreased the points on the Architectural Complaints Checklist. The scores on the Architectural Complaints Checklist pertaining to: a) physical amenity, b) informational aids within the building, c) architectural individuality, d) space and equipment, indicated that there were also significant differences among the scores obtained which applied to other architectural categories. This means that it is necessary to adopt measures that raise, practically the whole set of scores, pertaining, to the architectural categories of the building interior, in order to decrease the points on the Architectural Complaints Checklist. 2) How people of different sex and with different physical functional capabilities affect the scores on the Architectural Complaints Checklist. Under similar architectural conditions, the group of people, with poorer health and with lesser physical capabilities to lead a daily life, registered high points on the Architectural Complaints Checklist, in these categories: A) physical amenity, b) prosthetic aids, c) safety features, d) architectural individuality, e) space and equipment. On the other hand, the group of people, who were highly active in their daily lives scored highly in these categories: A) socio-recreational aids, b) architectural individuality, c) community accessibility. Thus, flexible and adaptable architectural environment is required to decrease the points on the Architectural Complaints Checklist in order to cope with people having different health problems and with varying capabilities of daily activity. In the male and female analysis of the scores on the Architectural Complaints Checklist, under similar architectural conditions, the female got higher points than the male in these categories: a) prosthetic aids, b) safety features, c) architectural individuality, d) space and equipment. As two third of the residents in homes for the aged are female, we must continue further study on how we can create better architectural conditions to make their lives more comfortable. 3) How policy and program of the facilities influence the scores on the Architectural Complaints Checklist. When comparing the best architectural conditions and the best policy and program conditions with those of the worst, the study has revealed that, the points on the Architectural Complaints Checklist were notably higher, in the case of the latter, for certain specific categories. In places like the home for the aged, where there are mixed group of people living together, the facts of this analysis strongly manifests both the need and the importance of flexible and skilled management, that can fully utilize the architectural functions of the building, to its best advantage. 4) The characteristics and the relationship of architectural complaints to other problems of environmental adaptability. I would like to explain how architectural complaints affect the degradation of morale, and the induction of environmental psychological distresses such as; loneliness, deactivation, nervousness, aggression, and depression, which are the residents' maladaptation to their living environment.

著者

河東 義之

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.359, pp.115-123, 1986-01-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

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Josiah Conder was an English architect who first taught the orthodox European archiecture to Japanese as a foreign employee in Japanese Government, and he left all his works in Japan. The pupose of this study is to make the method of his design clear by his extant drawings. In this paper, as the first step, the dimensional system of planning was examined. Conclusions are as follows : 1) The dimension in the plans and the foundation plans etc Is based on "inside measurement", "outside measurement" and "center to center measurement" Besides, "inside measurement" dimension is used in many of his plans, while "center to center measurement" in most of his foundation plans. 2) We are able to infer the dimensional system of planning by examining each dimensions and the thickness of wall. The consequence was that all drawings were designed on the basis of "inside mesurement" with a few exceptions. 3) We find 13 works with matted room. Many of the matted room was designed in itself on the basis of "center to center" by 3.0 (shaku) of mesurement unit.