著者

横仙 勝樹 高橋 鷹志

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.395, pp.19-30, 1989

被引用文献数

4 3

---

In order to clarify man-environment interaction, the paper focuses on the mental system in which we recognize the spatial relationship of the environment. This system, which is based on our usual experience, is named 'spatial schemata' here and considered as consist of the recognized 'places' and some rules which combine these 'places'. The word 'places' was defined first, after careful consideration given to the relationships between human behavior and physical settings. A model of 'spatial schemata' was hypothesized with reference to Minsky's Frame Theory. Four frames were chosen to represent 'spatial schemata' here '. 'KOKO (here)' frame, 'ASOKO (over there)' frame, which represent mentally near and far places respectively, 'connected' frame and 'separated' frame, which represent the spatial relationship between two 'places'. Finally, an analysis on subjects' sketch-maps were made to examine validity of this model. In conclusion, the differences between each types of sketch-maps were clearly described using the four frames. As a result: of this experimental investigation the proposed model of 'spatial schemata' was proved to be an effectual system to describe man-environment interaction.

著者

福川 裕一 西村 幸夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.349, pp.56-68, 1985-03-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

被引用文献数

3

---

In Japanese historic towns, samurai as well as merchant districts play an important role in urban conservation. The current problems of the two districts, however, are so different from each other that we cannot discuss them in the same phrase. Up to the present day, generally we have not engaged in conservation studies of samurai districts. The absence of the samurai class and the resemblance between samurai houses and the detached houses in modern suburbs, are the main reasons we have not made adequate analysis' of samurai districts in the context of urban conservation. From the case study of the samurai district of MATSUSHIRO castle town, NAGANO Prefecture, this paper will clarify the prototype of the plan of samurai houses, their zonl allocation and the system of aggregating samurai districts. As well, through the discussion of historical transformation, this paper will provide a direction towards the conservation of samurai districts. Contents of the paper are as follows : 1. Historic context of the samurai district of MATSUSHIRO. 2. Spacial constitution of samurai districts : * Prototype plan of a samurai house * Water system of a samurai district * Aggregation system of a samurai district 3. Historic transformation of the samurai district in MATSUSHIRO. 4. Conclusion.

著者

山本 輝雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.389, pp.143-149, 1988-07-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

被引用文献数

1

---

There are two methods of the lay-out of the main buildings of Obakushu Buddhist temples in Kyushu district. The one is the lay-out in Kara-dera (Buddhist temples for the Chinese in Nagasaki). In this lay-out the main buildings face to the small courtyard paved by stone. The other is the lay-out in Buddhist temples which have a building for the priests to sit in meditation and were founded after A. D. 1661, when Manpuku-ji was established as one of branches of Buddhism schools in Japan. This lay-out takes triangular position with Daiyuhoden (the building for the priests to worship Buddha), Senbut-sujo (the building for the priests to sit in meditation) and Zen'etsudo (the building for the priests to eat together).

著者

丸山 純

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.350, pp.86-94, 1985

---

J. V. Andreae is known as a priest whose thought played an important role for the construction of the modern educational and the social systems. He described his thought clearly in his utopia "Christianopolis". The relation between the shapes of the ideal city, Christianopolis, and his thought is pointed out in this essay. The essay consists of the following parts : Preface 1. Andreae's life and thought. 2. The relation to the ideal cities in the Italian Renaissance. 3. The relation to the new conception of astronomy. 4. The relation to the images of the "Heavenly Jerusalem". 5. The relation to Andreae's Rosicrucian ideas. Conclusion

著者

藤岡 洋保 深谷 康生

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.419, pp.99-106, 1991-01-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

---

The Japanese government built twenty-two pavilions for seventeen international expositions before World War II. All the pavilions but one had Japanese-style elevations : motifs of traditional architecture were applied. Such designs were based on either specific building types in specific eras or famous old edifices, but such models were not accurately traced on the elevations of the pavilions, but modified applying motifs in different eras freely. This suggests what the architects thought: they tried to make a "modern Japanese-style," although their way belonged to eclecticism of the 19th century.

著者

木下 勇

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.431, pp.107-118, 1992-01-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

6

---

The purpose of these studies is to analyze the role of natural spaces in rural areas for children's environmental study through their own play activities. For that, this study tried to compare the children's activities contacting to nature in two rural areas of flat- and mountainous- types and two urban areas of residential- and downtown- types. As a conclusion, these following points are revealed : 1) Children's physical touching activities to living elements of nature are useful as indicators to analyze children's contacts to nature. 2) The mountainous area shows the highest level about children's contact to nature of all. But the flat area is not so different from urban residential area. There can be found the transformation like "Urbanization", using man-made elements in natural spaces, and also in children's life too, such as being controlled their hours for sports clubs, and losing different aged free-play groups, etc.

著者

小野 恭平

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.436, pp.115-125, 1992-06-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

---

The aim of this paper is to clarify the images and valuations of the Buddhist huts described in Buddhist tales in the Early Middle Ages of Japan. So, it was clarified that the Buddhist huts were very tiny and humble dwellings, but were imaged and valued as very innocent and religious ones as regards the location, nature and structure.

著者

矢野 隆 小林 朝人

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.354, pp.1-10, 1985-08-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

---

A laboratory study was carried out to investigate disturbance and noisiness of periodically non-steady noises in four task conditions. Totally 326 subjects participated in experiments. There were two main variables : the range of level fluctuation was from 0 to 40 dB and the repetition rate varied from 0. 25 to 4 Hz. The noises were exposed at two levels, 60 and 70dB L_<eq>. Task conditions were articulation test, intelligibility test, calculation, and reading, and their exposure durations were respectively about 6, 8, 3, 2.5 minutes. The task performance was investigated and the relation between disturbance or noisiness and performance was also discussed. The conclusions are summarized as follows. 1) In task conditions in which task performance is significantly affected by noises, disturbance and noisiness are influenced considerably by performance and have high correlation with it. 2) In task conditions in which task performance is not significantly affected by noises, disturbance and noisiness increase with range of level fluctuation. 3) In the same conditions as 2), the effect of repetition rate was not reasonably found, but consistently disturbance or noisiness tends to rise at 1 Hz in the case of triangular noises and drop at 1 Hz in rectangular noises. 4) It is considered that the complex effect of repetition rate as mentioned above is contributed by the interference of concentration on task and the rhythm of task exept for the effect of fluctuation factors.

著者

黒田 竜二

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

no.353, pp.p122-128, 1985-07

被引用文献数

1

---

The main shrine (Honden) of Yasaka-Jinja is similar to the main hall (Hondo) found in most medieval Buddhist temples. The thought which connects Shinto and Buddhism is considered to contribute to its form. Yasaka-Jinja once belonged to Tendai-Shu (a sect of Buddhism in Japan), so it is considered to be related to Hie-Taisha and Kitano-Tenmangu. To clarify the mutual influence In the styles of these main shrines, I compared each "Gedo" (a building or room used for Buddhists' summer training) in style and function, and I compared Yasaka-Jinja's "Mikotsuyajo" with Hie-Tarsha's "Geden". These Investigations and comparisons led me to the conclusion that Yasaka-Jinja is the most advanced both in terms of historical progression and in terms of illustrating the mutual thought of Shinto and Buddhism.

著者

竹下 輝和 青木 正夫

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

no.358, pp.44-53, 1985-12-30

被引用文献数

1

---

In Japanese nursery school, there is no standard of group formation of one-year-old children's class which can be seen in many foreign countries. In the existing circumstances, many classes respectively have large group formation, that is, each class consists of children whose range of growth is wide. In this study, in relation to the group formation of classes which is most important when a nursery room is planned, they is divided into the three conditions, that is, the group formation of the minimum age of 1 year and 6 months - the maximum age of 2 years and 7 months, that of the min. 1 year and 2 months - the max. 2 years, and that of the min. 1 year and 1 month-the max. 2 years and 7 months, and in each condition the experimental care is taken. After this, the influence on the one-year-old children and the nurse staffs is investigated and the suitable group formation is considered. As the result, this point is confirmed. In group formation of one-year-old children, conversions of nursery activities and nurse staffs' fatigue are relatively lightened in the nursery room planned so that each class may consist of children whose range of growth is narrow.

著者

加藤 仁美

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

no.433, pp.129-136, 1992-03-30

被引用文献数

5

---

There are dispersed settlements in Iki island all around. Their beginning and actual conditions are yet unknown in detail. In this study, the natural and the geographical features of this island and the allotment system of land in the Edo period are investigated in relation to the settlement pattern. And it is made clear that "the land use pattern of Iki" is a set of the land use consisting of a wind break at the back, a dwelling lot, a vegetable garden in the front and the scattered farmland. In conclusion their problems in planning are considered.

著者

坂戸 省三

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

no.402, pp.107-118, 1989-08-30

被引用文献数

5

---

In Part 2, the differences of spatial representations between men and women are pointed out clearly in the investigations of 'sand-play constructions' by about 300 persons ranging from kindergarten to university. General tendencies of men : locomotive, outside, pluralistic ; of women : residential, inside, inclusive, spatially monistic, etc. We begin this paper with the statistical analysis of these spatial elements from a developmental point of view. There are great differences between the two sexes at low age. But these differences gradually become small as they grow older. The later half of this paper, on the basis of the knowledge we have obtained, the series of the sand-play constructions of individuals, are investigated again. We already analyzed the examples of children to students. Now two series of young adults are added. The first one is of a young architect. In his series, typical spatialities of 'the age of travels and trainings' and finally, a spatial symbol of the Identity as an adult appear. The second example shows the internal process of the marriage and its spatial images. We can see the process of the unification of masculine principles and feminine principles. Through this ritual, a man becomes adult. From Part 1 to Part 3, we have taken an extensive view of the organizations of images of space in the life cycle.

著者

五島 利兵衞

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

no.365, pp.113-126, 1986-07-30

被引用文献数

2

---

Since the Pantheon is very important as a prototype of western masonry and a source of design, it has been studied frequently during the Renaissance. The lively interest in antiquity during this period produced directly and indirectly a spate of sketches and studies of the building. However, the fundamental ratio for the building is still obscure. It is true that the geometrical figure on which the rotunda was based is spherical and very simple-as the Renaissance architects realized-. Thus one expects that the key to an understanding will be easily found. But the problem is not as easy as that. Francois Blondel (1617-1686) was among the very first to publish studies of the Pantheon's composition and shape. But Blondel's conceptions are not tenable. The incorrect results are due among other things to the fact that the drawing materials available to Blondel contained certain faults and were imperfect in various ways. In recent years, several additional works have been published. One of these is George Lesser's Gothic Cathedrals and Sacred Geometry (1957), which gives an interesting analysis of the proportioning of the Pantheon (pp.23-26 and pl.19). However, because of the deficiencies in Lesser's drawings, his results are incorrect. Kjeld de Fine Licht analysed the composition of the rotunda in his The Rotunda in Rome, 1966. (pp.194-198 with two figures). In his analysis, he produces two 16-sided figures inscribed within the basic circle following the inner face of the dome. The points of the teeth where the sides of two 16 side-figures intersect mark the outer periphery of the rotunda. This analysis is very complicated. He himself said, "It seemes impossible to demonstrate any simple and exact geometrical connection between the basic circle and the thickness of the wall". In this paper I am glad to state that I have discovered the geometrical rule which determines the wall thickness of the Pantheon. This can be done with the following procedure : first, I draw the square incribed in the basic circle, then I draw the smaller circle inscribed in this square. Consequently, a doughnut-like discrepancy results between the smaller circle and the basic circle. This discrepancy is 2-√<2>/4 S (S=span). If the span is 43.251 m, 2-√<2>/4 S is 6.33 m, which equal to a little bit more than the wall thickness of the rotunda. Furthermore, I have devised a method for deciding the dome shell thickness, the angle of inclination of the outer place of the haunch, and the inner diameter of the oculus by using a similar geometrical figure. I believe that this geometrical rule may have been used by the builder of the Pantheon.

著者

三島 雅博

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.434, pp.107-116, 1992

被引用文献数

2

---

The Japanese pavilion named Ho-o-Den was set up in the exposition in Chicago, 1893 and modeled on the holy edifice, Ho-o-Do (Phoenix Hall) erected about 1052 at Uji near Kyoto. It consisted of three buildings showing each different artistic periods to represent the history of Japanese art. Though it didn't represent the essence of Japanese architecture and art ideally because of political intention and restriction on program, it showed Japanese beauty of her historial architecture and art in the limitation as a pavilion in the exposition. This paper reports on thp factorys surrournding the form of the Ho-o-Den.

著者

三浦 正幸

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

no.362, pp.142-149, 1986-04-30

---

Katoh-jingu is one of important shrines in the history of Japanese architecture. It had been being worshiped by the Fujiwaras throughout the Heian era and the Kamakura era, and had been a very influential shrine. I showed in my monograph that the main shrine in the Kamakura might have had a plan similar to 'Shimen-bisashi' which was articulated into the core and the surrounding envelope. I guess that the rear envelope was used keeping ritual goods and that the frontal envelope was the place where the Shinto priests performed rites.

著者

石塚 義高

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

no.356, pp.63-67, 1985-10-30

被引用文献数

13

---

The maintenance cost of buildings is came into question, it is accepted centering around a running cost and rarely the lite cycle cost combining a running cost with an initial cost. Accordingly, the development of the method to analyze and judge the life cycle cost and an effort of building must be needed, considering with a using term. In this report, I consider conditions, look for the system to calculate the life cycle cost, calculate and analize the life cycle cost in medium scale office building. I find that the use-management cost of building is very large, and that it influences the total cost how to decveace it.

著者

岡本 真理子 渡辺 勝彦 内藤 昌

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

no.369, pp.103-113, 1986-11-30

---

The architectural reference book "Gusikenki" is considered as the first encyclopedia for the architecture in Edo era. We examined the contents and bibliography of this book, and clarified the fact that the editor, Masataka Imaoku, then the Nakai's "Touryou" carpenter, wrote and compiled "Gusikenki" in the following four stages. 1st stage ; 1671 : Began the writings concerning the knowledges related to the nearby architecture as a Horyuuji carpenter. 2nd stage ; 1677 : Performed the writings about the architecture in the area controlled by the Nakai Family and about the buildings of temples and shrines. 3rd stage ; 1680/1684 : Wrote articles on the Kyoto Imperial Palace and accounts on matters such as divinity, mathimatics, weight and measures, and completed the whole volumes. 4th stage ; 1685/1686 : Added few items related mainly to time measurement.

著者

尹 孝鎮 三村 浩史 リム ボン

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

no.453, pp.105-111, 1993-11-30

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

2

---

It is necessary to make the system for the preservation and succession of KYO-MACHIYA in the historical centre of KYOTO. The purpose of this study is to know why MACHIYA inhabitants go to succeed to MACHIYA against the extra economical pressure and how MACHIYA will be. Therefore we found those who are proud of MACHIYA and asked them about their requirement of MACHIYA succession by questionnaire, and it made sure that they hope to succeed to MACHIYA and to live in there, while we could understand that the bigger pressure.to demolish MACHIYA in near future (probably half within 10 years).

著者

片山 忠久 石井 昭夫 西田 勝 堤 純一郎 森川 明夫 橋田 光明

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

no.372, pp.p21-29, 1987-02

被引用文献数

7

---

Simultaneous observations of the profiles of wind velocity and air temperature are conducted at three points in an urban area with a large pond by the kytoons. From the results of observations, convective heat flux from the ground surface to air is calculated by the traverse-method. Heat flux from the pond is negative, that is, cooling. The relation between convective heat transfer coefficient and wind velocity is obtained in extensive built-up areas. Thermal environment is observed, formed at the height of 1 meter from the ground surface in the built-up area and the large pond. New standard effective temperature of the ASHRAE, SET, is calculated as the over all thermal index at the both sites. The effects of a shade tree and wisteria trellis on thermal environment are discussed.

著者

伊藤 重剛

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

no.363, pp.146-157, 1986-05-30

---

ドクシアデスは,彼の「古代ギリシャの建築空間」(邦題「古代ギリシャのサイトプランニング」長嶋訳)の中で,古代ギリシャの神域の配置を分析している。それによると,ギリシャ人の空間認識の仕方は,人間の視点を中心にして,そこから各方向に何フィートのところに何があるといった,いわば極座標的な理解の仕方であるとしている。彼はこの考えに基づいて,神城内の建物の配置について,神域の入口に視点をおき,それを極座標の原点とし,そこから神域内の建物の特定の点(例えば建物の隅角部)までの距離,それらの距離の比,およびそれらの視線のなす角度を測り,これらの距離,角度の関係を検討した。その結果,神域の配置は,視点から建物の各点までの距離が幾何学的比例関係をなし,そられ視線の角度の関係が, 360°をそれぞれ10等分または12等分した角度体系「10分割法」および「12分割法」の,2つの体系によって計画されたとしている。しかしながら彼の分析は,むしろ残存している遺跡の現況,つまり計画の結果を説明するが,建築家が実際に神域の寸法をどのような手順で決定したか,その過程を説明しない。本文では,アテネのアクロポリスについての彼の分析を例にとり,これを批判した。また建物が互いに直角または平行に配置された神域では,彼の述べるような極座標によって,その配置を考えるのは,もともと不自然と思われるし,また施工者にとっては却って不便であり実践的ではないと思われる。むしろ最初から直交座標で考えた方が,合理的かつ現実的だろう。古代の建物の寸法決定の二大要因は,寸法それ自体の値と,寸法間の比例であると思われる。建物の寸法が最終的に決定されるまでには,最初の基本原則から最後の微調整に至るまでの,いくつかの段階を経ると思われるが,最初の段階ではなるべく端数のない完数による寸法,あるいはなるべく簡潔な比例を選ぶだろうということが,当然推測される。この2つの要因を判断の規準として,現在一般的に考えられている古代尺の値をもとにしながら,コス島の2つの神域の分析結果を次に述べる。紀元前2世紀に建設されたアスクレピオス神域の上部テラスは,コの字型ストアとそれに囲まれた神殿が,左右対称に配置されている。分析の結果,前時代の神城壁の基礎を利用して建てられている,このストアのスタイロベート長さは,最初南側が270 ft, 東・西側がその3/5の162 ft と計画された。柱間は最初基本的に8ftとして計画されたが,次の段階で,入隅部の柱間が15/8ft拡張,北端の柱間が7/16ft縮少され,標準柱間が南側で81/6ft,東・西側で81/16ftと調整された。スタイロベート長さは,最終的にはこれらの調整を経て,南側2723/4ft,東・西側1621/3ftとなった。神殿の大きさは,その正面スタイロベート幅が東西ストア間の距離に対し,1:5という単純な比例で決定されている。アフロディテの神域は,紀元前2世紀に建てられたものであるが,ドリス式のペリスタイルの中庭に,前柱式の神殿が2つ左右対称に配置されている。プロピロンも神殿に対応して,正面に2つ左右対称に配置されているが,これらの建物の大きさが周囲の付け柱の柱間に対応していることから,最初の段階では,9ftのこの柱間をモジュールとしたグリッドプランで計画されたものと思われる。中庭の大きさは,この段階では15×13グリッドだったものが,外周の柱より中庭の柱が少さいため,モジュールの値,つまり柱間を7.5 ft に縮少し,大きさを17×15グリッドとした。さらに,中庭の幅,奥行きを寸法比をより単純な7:6とするための微調整を行い,最終的には幅を128ft, 奥行きを110 ft とし,対応する柱間をそれぞれ,717/32ft,71/3ftとした。以上の検討結果から,ドクシアデスの分析は理論的ではあるが,実際の設計手順としては,実践的ではないということが判った。彼のいう空間認識の仕方は,一般の観察者にとっては正しいかも知れないが,計画家にとっては不充分である。むしろ計画家には,平面を鳥瞰できる抽象的な空間把握の能力が要求され,これなしにおそらく設計はできないであろう。そしてこの平面に対して寸法を与えるたためには,当然必要な計算がなされたのである。コスの2つの神域も,もちろんこの例にもれず,直交座標上で,寸法とその比例を規準に計画された。