著者

對間 秀利

出版者

日本香粧品学会

雑誌

日本香粧品学会誌 (ISSN:18802532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.3, pp.201-208, 2021-09-30 (Released:2022-09-30)

参考文献数

35

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Recently, there are many sensitive skin persons in the world. From the viewpoint of the severity of skin symptoms, sensitive skin is between healthy skin and diseased skin. On the other hand, sensitive skin is classified as dry sensitive skin, oily sensitive skin and hypersensitive skin from skin physiological characteristics. Dry sensitive skin is characterized as low skin barrier, low secreted sebum and hypersensitivity. Oily sensitive skin is characterized as low skin barrier, high secreted sebum and hypersensitivity. There is another sensitive skin type whose skin barrier is normal but the skin is hypersensitive. This type is classified as hypersensitive skin.Ceramides have important role of skin barrier function. The skin barrier function depends on the amount and on the profile of ceramides in the stratum corneum. The decrease in amounts of ceramides and changes in the profile of ceramides in the stratum corneum cause sensitive skin symptoms.Thus, skin cleansing with keeping skin ceramides and topical treatment of ceramides are important for sensitive skin with low barrier function. Ceramides are often decreased while skin cleansing with traditional alkalic soaps. In a clinical test, dry sensitive skin was significantly improved by our mild acidic hand wash which can keep skin ceramides while washing. Replenishing ceramides or a pseudo-ceramide to low barrier skin is considered as crucial skin care. The pseudo-ceramide was designed and synthesized for a moisturizing ingredient. There are many reports that dry sensitive skin became hydrated and the skin barrier was improved by topical treatment of the pseudo-ceramide. In addition, improvement of skin symptoms of oily sensitive skin by a combination use with a mild acidic face wash and skin moisturizers with the pseudo-ceramide has demonstrated in a clinical test.

著者

長沼 雅子

出版者

日本香粧品学会

雑誌

日本香粧品学会誌 (ISSN:18802532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.4, pp.275-285, 2015-12-31 (Released:2017-01-17)

参考文献数

84

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About 40 years have passed since scientific research on the effectiveness of cosmetics began in the 1960s. Research targets have gone from the surface of the skin to the dermis, recently even to the subcutaneous tissue. Investigated skin damages have covered over dry skin, sunburn, age spots, wrinkles and sagging. In 2000s, it has been proved that cosmetics are able to improve not only skin damages but also QOL (Quality of Life). These advances needed evaluating systems of effectiveness on skin or mind. I summarized the history of the efficacy study of cosmetics from a scientific paper.

著者

佐野 朋美

出版者

日本香粧品学会

雑誌

日本香粧品学会誌 (ISSN:18802532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.4, pp.314-319, 2020-12-31 (Released:2021-12-31)

参考文献数

29

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Sleep accounts for about one-third of life time, its physiological phenomena are indispensable for maintaining and improving the quality of life such as resting of the brain, recovery of the mind and body. In recent years, many studies have revealed that sleep and general health are closely related. The social and economic loss caused by sleep problems in Japan is estimated to be 15 trillion yen a year, and the social significance of improving sleep is great. In this paper, we will report on the development of “Foods with Function Claims” that improves the quality of sleep, focusing on the findings of “Sake Yeast GSP6” and its effect of sleep improvement. Sake yeast is necessary for the production of sake, and has been eaten as a food such as Kasujiru (a soup containing sake yeast) and Kasuzuke (pickles containing sake yeast). We also demonstrate that daily ingestion of Sake Yeast GSP6 enhances sleep quality, which in turn, improves skin quality, as indicated by an improvement in cheek collagen density, skin elasticity, and TEWL. These results suggest that sleep improvement by taking sake yeast supplements is an effective way to preserve skin health.

著者

佐々木 一郎

出版者

日本香粧品学会

雑誌

日本香粧品学会誌 (ISSN:18802532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.85-92, 2018-06-30 (Released:2019-06-30)

参考文献数

21

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Although many previous studies have focused on the association between beauty and happiness, there have been few studies on the association between variation in the evaluation of beauty and happiness. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between variation in the evaluation of beauty and happiness in Japan, England and China. We used data from a cross-sectional survey of 1,500 women of between 20 and 69 years of age, which was collected online in Japan, England and China. We performed logistic regression to calculate the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for happiness. We found that after controlling for the socio-economic status, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for happiness in individuals with a physically beautiful appearance (in comparison to non-beautiful individuals) at both the present time and 15 years previously were 4.70 (1.72–12.82), 4.38 (2.23–8.60), 10.60 (4.67–24.06) in Japan, England and China, respectively. The results indicated that higher subjective beauty was intertemporally associated with higher happiness in Japan, England and China. Further studies should be performed to investigate the association between the intertemporal evaluation of beauty and happiness.

著者

森山 麻里子 森山 博由 早川 堯夫

出版者

日本香粧品学会

雑誌

日本香粧品学会誌 (ISSN:18802532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.3, pp.192-195, 2015-09-30 (Released:2017-01-17)

参考文献数

10

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The skin epidermis is a stratified epithelium. Recent studies have clarified a numerous number of molecules involved in epidermal development, although it remains elusive how these molecules are coordinated to undergo proper stratification of the epidermis. Autophagy, a lysosomal degradation pathway, is involved in differentiation of erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and adipocytes. Keratinocyte differentiation is also going along with activation of lysosomal enzymes and organelle clearance, expecting the contribution of autophagy in this process. Previously, we show multiple roles of Notch signaling in the regulation of transit amplifying cells in epidermal layers. Notch signaling induces differentiation of suprabasal cells via Hes1 independent manner, whereas Hes1 is required for maintenance of the immature status of suprabasal cells by preventing premature differentiation. In this study, we found that Hes1 directly suppressed the expression of Bnip3, whose expression is sufficient to induce terminal differentiation of keratinocytes by induction of autophagy. We found that HES1 could directly bind to BNIP3 promoter to suppress the expression. BNIP3 was expressed in the granular layers, just above the layers where Hes1 expression was observed. Consistent with the BNIP3 expression, autophagosome formation was observed in the granular layer of the epidermis. Forced expression of BNIP3 in human primary epidermal keratinocytes (HPEK) resulted in induction of autophagy and mitophagy, followed by keratinocyte differentiation. Intriguingly, addition of an inhibitor of autophagy significantly suppressed the BNIP3-stimulated differentiation of keratinocytes. These data clearly indicate that BNIP3 plays a crucial role in keratinocytes differentiation by inducing autophagy. Furthermore, we also found that suppression of BNIP3 expression induced by UVB irradiation caused a further increase of the cleaved caspase3 protein level, suggesting that BNIP3 also has a protective effect against UVB-induced apoptosis in keratinocytes. Overall, our data shed light on functions of BNIP3, regulated by Notch signaling, in both differentiation and maintenance of epidermal keratinocytes.

著者

関東 裕美

出版者

日本香粧品学会

雑誌

日本香粧品学会誌 (ISSN:18802532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.2, pp.129-134, 2020-06-30 (Released:2021-06-30)

参考文献数

10

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In sensitive skin such as atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis and rosacea, it is necessary to continue skin care on a daily basis, but it is also necessary to mask the disease with makeup. Looking at the yearly change in the number of annual outpatients in our department, it can be seen that the number of female patients in their 40s is increasing. I think that the number of medical examinations is increasing at her age when makeup is required. I think that the instruction of their face washing is most important for sensitive skin with reduced barrier function. Patients with seborrheic dermatitis may also have sensitive skin, so is easy to get irritant contact dermatitis due to her constitution. Patients with rosacea and rosacea-like dermatitis have almost same sensitive skin condition. Rosacea-like dermatitis is caused by topical ointments, so discontinuation of topical therapy is the most effective treatment. Internal diseases such as liver or kidney disorders and visceral cancer often impair the health of the skin. Even if you think that it is healthy skin, the skin may become fragile due to menopause, aging and changes over time, and skin damage due to makeup may occur. Participation in society is required even if you have a disease, but being able to do so also leads to a desire to live. Makeup should be useful as a means to hide aging and pathological conditions of mind and body because it makes it easier to participate in society. Specialists need to be able to identify sensitive skin and provide proper makeup instruction.

著者

岩渕 徳郎

出版者

日本香粧品学会

雑誌

日本香粧品学会誌 (ISSN:18802532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.98-103, 2018-06-30 (Released:2019-06-30)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

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The market scale of hair growth stimulants including medicines and quasi-drugs in Japan was 67.5 billion yen at 2016. It is expected that the market of hair growth stimulant for women will be bigger in future. Therefore, the market needs to develop new hair growth stimulants. Nowadays, it is difficult to develop novel medicines or novel quasi-drugs for hair growth, because the wave of animal experiment abolition is getting bigger in the world-wide cosmetics industry. Under such circumstances, despite authorities approving over 30 active quasi-drugs in the field of hair tonic products, most of these drugs are not fully utilized. It will be important that we reevaluate these approved active ingredients. And, the importance of digging out the approved quasi-drugs is expected to increase in the future. In this lecture, I would like to describe a reassessment of approved active quasi-drugs for hair growth and its evaluation methods.

著者

平尾 哲二

出版者

日本香粧品学会

雑誌

日本香粧品学会誌 (ISSN:18802532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.4, pp.277-281, 2017-12-31 (Released:2018-12-31)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

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Stratum corneum (SC) is located at the outermost of the skin and plays pivotal roles in barrier function and moisturizing function of the skin. SC is composed of piled-up dead corneocytes with 10–20 layers and their intercellular spaces are filled with lipids. Major components of corneocytes are keratin fibers providing mechanical stiffness of the SC. Natural moisturizing factors (NMF) are a group of water-soluble small molecules, including amino acids, minerals, lactate and so on, which can retain water molecules to keratin fibers. Cornified envelope is a membrane-like insoluble structure surrounding corneocytes and acts as a scaffold for organization of intercellular lipids. Intercellular lipids are consisted of ceramides, free fatty acids, and cholesterol, which form packing crystal and lamellar structure. Any of these composite components is essential for healthy SC, and their defects may result in deterioration of SC function and dry skin. Mechanisms of moisturizers are classified into two groups. Emollients, such as oil, cover the skin surface without penetration into the skin, and moisturize the SC by their occlusive properties. Humectants, such as polyols and amino acids derivatives, can penetrate into the SC, and moisturize the SC like NMF. Thus, moisturizing effect of skincare products is well-recognized. However, hyper-moisturized SC may lead to deteriorated barrier function with pros and cons. Diaper dermatitis is a typical trouble with hyper-moisturized SC. On the other hand, a defect in barrier function is helpful for penetration of certain drugs into the skin known as occlusive dressing technique. Recent study shows that slow evaporation of water from SC make SC structure tightly packed with optical transparency and barrier function. In addition, this water evaporation-induced rearrangement process of SC can reduce formation of expression-induced residual wrinkle. These new concepts provide valuable information to understand real mechanisms of moisturization and suggest future innovation of moisturizers.

著者

旗野 翠 安原 美帆 髙山 良子 小畑 裕之 茂呂 修 佐伯 秀久 船坂 陽子 畑 三恵子

出版者

日本香粧品学会

雑誌

日本香粧品学会誌 (ISSN:18802532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.6-12, 2020-03-31 (Released:2021-03-31)

参考文献数

11

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We investigated the safety and usefulness of transparent solid soaps in parallel with ongoing treatment in patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis and seborrheic dermatitis with symptoms on the face. The soap is designed to be low in stimulation to the skin. Although there were no severe adverse effects, a minor one was noted related to the soap. One of the subjects discontinued the test product due to worsening of itching and eczema. After using the soap for four weeks, a significant improvement in the symptoms of drying and lichenification was observed. The visual analog scale score related to the skin condition also significantly improved, compared to that during the start of the study. In the questionnaire-based test response, approximately 90% of the subjects liked the feeling of using the soap. Overall, this study indicated that the investigated solid soap was safe and did not hamper the ongoing treatment.

著者

下豊留 芳枝 辻村 久 石川 准子 藤村 努 北原 隆

出版者

日本香粧品学会

雑誌

日本香粧品学会誌 (ISSN:18802532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.3-8, 2014-03-31 (Released:2015-04-18)

参考文献数

17

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The objective of this study was to clarify variations of the ceramide (CER) profile in human stratum corneum (SC) in different regions of the body and to estimate the contributions of CERs to the SC barrier and water holding functions. Based on the information that there are great variations of SC functions among body sites, we compared the CER profiles obtained from 11 different anatomical sites in healthy Japanese females. Not only the physiological parameters of SC but also the CER profile showed body region variations. Especially, strong (significant) regional variations of the CER profile were shown in the lip and the palm; the total CER level, the composition of CER [NP] contains non-hydroxy fatty acid and phytosphingosine and CER [NH] contains non-hydroxy fatty acid and 6-hydroxy sphingosine, the levels of longer species of CER [NS] contains non-hydroxy fatty acid and sphingosine were less, but the composition of CER [NS], CER [AS] contains alpha-hydroxy fatty acid and sphingosine and the levels of shorter species of CER [NS] were more than those of the upper arm. The total CER level on palm displayed strong correlations with the values of capacitance. Our results indicate that there are the regional variations of the CER profile in the healthy Japanese female and which may contribute to the SC functions.

著者

近藤 滋

出版者

日本香粧品学会

雑誌

日本香粧品学会誌 (ISSN:18802532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.3, pp.157-161, 2018

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<p>It is known that the pattern present on the animal's skin is a kind of wave (Turing pattern) created by the interaction between pigment cells. Basically, the patterns of all species are made on the same principle, the difference of patterns by species depends on subtle differences in interaction. So, if you find a molecule responsible for its interaction and artificially change its function, it should be possible to change the pattern. Our research group has revealed the interaction between pigment cells through molecular genetic experiments using zebrafish over the last two decades. Molecules responsible for interaction are already evident. By manipulating these genes, we are able to freely convert zebrafish patterns. Because the principle of pattern formation is probably the same for mammals, now, it is not impossible to change the skin of giraffe to the pattern of zebra horse.</p>

著者

平野 奈緒美 石田 賢哉

出版者

日本香粧品学会

雑誌

日本香粧品学会誌 (ISSN:18802532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.3, pp.209-222, 2019-09-30 (Released:2020-09-30)

参考文献数

23

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It is well known that fragrances influence our senses. Fragrances used in cosmetic products are no exception. Not only masking the odor of the product base, they give various impressions such as freshness, comfortableness and newness, and provide higher added value to products. In this report, we describe the fragrance development with a focus on raw materials, functional materials, and creation by perfumers. In addition, it is necessary to understand the regulations and environment issues related to fragrances and cosmetics.

著者

平尾 哲二

出版者

日本香粧品学会

雑誌

日本香粧品学会誌 (ISSN:18802532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.26, 2018-03-31 (Released:2019-03-31)

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The aim of this lecture series is to expand dermatologists interested in Japanese Cosmetic Science Society by providing basic scientific knowledge of cosmetics. Articles of this series planed for two years will include various aspects of cosmetic products and their functions, regulations, relations with troubled skin. I hope that this lecture series will be helpful, not only for dermatologists, but also for paramedicals and cosmetic scientists.

著者

高橋 康之

出版者

日本香粧品学会

雑誌

日本香粧品学会誌 (ISSN:18802532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.4, pp.280-287, 2018-12-31 (Released:2019-12-31)

参考文献数

57

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The stratum corneum (SC) is the outermost layer of the skin and plays important roles in sustaining physiological activities. One of the roles of the SC is in the maintenance of skin moisture. The decrease in water content in the SC, which is a condition called dry skin, leads to a mildly rough skin and desquamation. Natural moisturizing factor (NMF) and intercellular lipids are essential for skin moisturization. NMF, which is composed of amino acids, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, lactic acid, urea, and mineral ions, can hold water molecules in the SC. Intercellular lipids consisting of ceramides, cholesterol, cholesterol esters, and free fatty acids can prevent the evaporation of water molecules from the body, which is a barrier function. Moisturizers are broadly categorized into two types, humectants and emollients. Humectants such as amino acids, polyols, hyaluronan, and its derivatives moisturize the SC similarly to NMF. Emollients such as ceramides and oils are effective for improving the barrier function. Moisturizing products contain these moisturizers in various formulations. The moisturizing effect of products differs depending on the type of formulation. An adequate amount of a moisturizer in a product is important for providing both the moisturizing effect and the good texture of use, which affects continued use, because a large moisturizer amount impairs the texture of use.

著者

柿澤 恭史

出版者

日本香粧品学会

雑誌

日本香粧品学会誌 (ISSN:18802532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.4, pp.270-279, 2018-12-31 (Released:2019-12-31)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

1

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Cosmetics are used to help the skin’s native function work normally with the aim of keeping and recovering healthy, beautiful skin and hair. Cosmetics have a variety of roles; their basic purposes include washing, wiping clean, and anti-dryness, anti-ultraviolet, antioxidation and stimulation functions. The purpose of bodily cleansing is to remove dirt on skin and hair and keep a body hygienic. Cosmetics can be classified in various ways, such as by their purpose and form, and body cleansing agents can be categorized by the body parts to which they are applied, such as cleansing agents for skin, the body, and hair. Skin cleansing agents, which are used to wash facial skin, remove metabolites produced by physiological actions of the skin, such as sebum, stratum corneum scales, oxidative degradation agents of sebum, sweat residue, dirt in the air, microorganisms, and makeup residue from the skin’s surface. Like skin cleansing agents, body cleansing agents are used to wash a large region of the body. Hair cleansing agents remove dirt on the scalp and hair and keep them clean. Although the kinds of dirt on the scalp and hair are similar to those on the skin, residues of hair care agents are also dirt to be removed. What is needed in common for these cleansing agents includes detergency, low stimulative effect on the skin, and foaming property, and these attributes mainly depend on the properties of surfactants. The evolution of cleansing agents is due largely to the evolution of surfactants. Looking back on the historical background of cleansing agents and the basis of cleansing, this article describes the kinds and ingredients of cleansing agents and the effects of cleansing agents by classifying the agents by the body parts they wash and focusing on surfactants.

著者

福井 崇

出版者

日本香粧品学会

雑誌

日本香粧品学会誌 (ISSN:18802532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.119-123, 2017-06-30 (Released:2018-06-30)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

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Along with the increasing awareness to protect the skin from UV light in these days, multi-functionalization is required to sunscreen not only for pool, sea and sports use, but also for daily use. In addition to UV protection efficacy, less burden use feeling on the skin such as transparency after applying, moisturizing effect and comfortable feeling is needed. In order to achieve both high UV protection efficacy and comfortable use feeling, efficient UV protection is very important. This article reviews UV filters with high UVA protection efficacy and high transparency by using plate like zinc oxide. And also it reviews the formulation technology with high moisturizing effect by using plate like zinc oxide and oil, and even protection film technology with α-gel capsule of UV absorbers.

著者

飯田 年以 小野 隆之

出版者

日本香粧品学会

雑誌

日本香粧品学会誌 (ISSN:18802532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.1-7, 2016-03-31 (Released:2017-05-12)

参考文献数

18

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It has been reported that aging causes an increase of pore areas and morphological changes in facial pores, from a round form to an elliptical form, along with sagging. These changes are supposed to occur with the formation of nasolabial folds and jawlines, and with loss of skin elasticity. Although there have been some reports about morphological changes of facial pores with aging, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We measured skin elasticity and some parameters related to facial pores such as pore areas, depth and aspect ratio (short axis/long axis) using skin replicas in the middle of the cheek in the sitting position, and also analyzed sagging scores such as the severity of nasolabial folds and jawlines by using photographs of 23 Japanese individuals in the twenties-to-sixties age group. We revealed that skin elasticity in the middle and lower cheeks decreased and pore depth increased significantly with aging. Aspect ratio and pore depth were found to be correlated with some parameters such as skin elasticity and sagging. In the dorsal position, pore areas and depth significantly decreased in the same region of the cheek compared to those in the sitting position. Similar results were obtained for both men and women because of the possibility of the decline in the effect by gravity downward of the face. Aspect ratio of some individuals increased in the dorsal position, while it decreased for others. Increase in aspect ratio was especially prevalent among women. Ratio of pore areas (dorsal position/sitting position) tended to decrease with aging. These results suggested that morphology of facial pores on cheek is possibly affected not only by aging and related parameters such as sagging and skin elasticity, but by change of posture.

著者

吉田 武美

出版者

日本香粧品学会

雑誌

日本香粧品学会誌 (ISSN:18802532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.4, pp.265-274, 2015-12-31 (Released:2017-01-17)

参考文献数

27

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Human has utilized various compounds and metals originated from plant kingdom and mineral resources and produced pharmaceuticals and cosmetics including Chinese medicine. The Edo era was likely to be the beginning of quality management and regulation on pharmaceuticals and chemical substances, and thereafter such regulation has been continued to date by adjusting scientific advancement according to the change of era. In this review, I would like to report and discuss regulation and safety evaluation of cosmetics, come in scientific concept of drugs and toxic compounds, requirement for scientific basis on drug efficacy, health hazard produced by drugs, quasi-drugs and cosmetics such as chronic lead-poisoning, allergic reaction and depigmentation, regulation and management happened and enforced. In addition, prospectives will be paid on the roles of drug metabolizing enzymes presented in the skin of human and animals, many practices of regulations and standards from manufacturing process to marketing, construction and development of alternative testing methods for safety evaluation of cosmetics on the basis of scientific and technological advancement.

著者

徳永 裕司

出版者

日本香粧品学会

雑誌

日本香粧品学会誌 (ISSN:18802532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.119-125, 2015-06-30 (Released:2016-07-22)

参考文献数

4

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Recently there were typical reports about the serious side-effect syndromes for the medicated cosmetics in Japan. One side-effect symptom was due to medicated soap with the hydrolyzed wheat powder so-called as “Cha No Sizuku Sekken.” This symptom was called as the food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA). Another side-effect symptom was caused to rododendrol (4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-bunanol, HPBol) as the whitening agent. HPBol happened the serious side-effect of vitiligo against many users. In this report, I explain to describe the position of quasi drugs in Japan and to make clear to both the distribution of molecular weight about the hydrolyzed wheat powder described by Dr. Yoshiaki Ikarashi and the cause of giving the side-effect of rododendrol described by Takumi Akiyama.

著者

田上 八朗

出版者

日本香粧品学会

雑誌

日本香粧品学会誌 (ISSN:18802532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.15-21, 2014-03-31 (Released:2015-04-18)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

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The skin is covered by an extremely thin, soft but highly efficient barrier memberane, the stratum corneym (SC), which protects the underlying wet living cutaneous tissues from water loss but also from the penetration of injurious agents into the skin from the environment. Moreover, the SC can bind water efficiently to make our skin surface soft and smooth. However, recent improvement of our house-warming system has inevitably begun to induce a decrease in indoor humidity, facilitating the development of pruritic dry skin, xerosis, in those elderly individuals whose SC water holding capacity is poor, leading to the development of cracking in such dry SC and inducing an inevitable scratching behavior, which may allow even the penetration of large environmental protein antigens into the skin, and leading to the development of nummular eczema in a fashion similar to that observed in infants with ichthyosis vulgaris caused by filaggrin gene defect who tend to develop pruritic atopic dermatitis to such environmental protein antigens. Moreover, those with renal insufficiency or with diabetes mellitus also tend to develop severe xerosis. These pruritic xerotic changes are caused by the deficiency of so-called low molecular, natural moisturizing factor (NMF) composed of the amino acids derived from the proteolysis of filaggrin and sweat-derived lactic acid and urea. NMF plays an important role in the water-binding capacity of the SC, together with the intercellular lipids that are indispensable for the stratum corneum barrier function and hyaluronan secreted by keratinocytes. Because the deficiency of any of these substances in the SC tends to lead to the development of such pruritic dry skin, it is important to conduct daily skin care by using effective moisturizing agents whose efficiency is well proven scientifically with the in vivo high frequency instrumental measurements, as well as by clinical observation.