著者
鈴木 久美子 采 輝昭 山崎 幹夫
出版者
公益社団法人日本薬学会
雑誌
藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.108, no.3, pp.221-225, 1988
被引用文献数
7

A fraction causing diarrhea to mice with a hemolytic activity was previously isolated from the aqueous extract of a poisonous mushroom Rhodophyllus rhodopolius. In order to clarify the relationship between the enterotoxicity and hemolytic activity, the hemolysin was purified. The hemolysin which was partially purified by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and Sephacryl S-300 column chromatography, caused diarrhea and intestinal hemorrhage to suckling mice. The molecular weight of the hemolysin was estimated to be about 40000 by SDS-slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration. The hemolytic activity of the hemolysin was observed to be relatively heat-stable in the crude extract and dependent on the temperature and concentration of erythrocytes.
著者
小前 憲久 日比野 康英 菅野 延彦
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.119, no.10, pp.763-772, 1999
被引用文献数
15

The spectral karyotyping (SKY) method is a novel molecular cytogenetic technique which simultaneously discerns entire chromosomes. In order to elucidate the origins of micronuclei induced under hyperthermic conditions in human lymphocyte culture, peripheral blood cells were cultured at 40°C or 42°C for 3-24 h, using the cytokinesis-block method with cytochalasin B. The induced micronuclei were identified by the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and SKY methods. At 42°C for more than 6 h, the frequency of occurrence of micronuclei in binucleated cells rose with increasing incubation time. By the FISH method, 83.3% of micronuclei induced in 24 h culture at 42°C were shown to be positive for the human centromeric probes. By the SKY method, each micronucleus induced under the hyperthermic conditions was identified unequivocally and shown to contain a specific chromosome. These results suggest that the micronuclei induced under the hyperthermic conditions in human lymphocyte culture contain chromosomes which do not migrate to the poles at the anaphase of the cell cycle because of the breakdown of the spindle apparatus.
著者
朝比奈 泰彦 柴田 文一郎
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1917, no.423, pp.400-403, 1917

焦性粘液酸及フラーンケトンは白金黒及水素によりて四水素化物に還元せられざるにフルフルプロピオン酸エステルは容易に四水素化抱合物を生ずることを記せり
著者
森田 秀行 小西 徹也
出版者
公益社団法人日本薬学会
雑誌
藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.102, no.2, pp.215-220, 1982-02-25

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) by use of a reverse phase column (TSK LS410K) was applied to determine the residual dithiothreitol, iodoacetamide and oxidized dithiothreitol in the alkylated human immunoglobulin (AHIG). After extraction by ethyl acetate, the above compounds were separated by HPLC with MeOH-H_2O (60 : 40 v/v) as solvent. Determination was completed within 5 min with high reproducibility. Less than 0.5 ppm for each residual substance could be quantitated. The method was quite suitable for the routine analysis of the residual contaminants in AHIG.
著者
新甫 勇次郎 山崎 律 中島 嘉次郎 伊東 宏 竹下 尚 金城 順英 野原 稔弘
出版者
公益社団法人日本薬学会
雑誌
藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.110, no.8, pp.604-611, 1990-08-25
被引用文献数
14

The present study was designed to examine the effects of methanolic extract (PE-ME), isoflavonoid fraction (PF-IF), triterpenoid saponin fraction (PF-SP) and N-acyl-N_1-glucosyl-tryptophan (PF-P) isolated from puerariae flos on alcohol-induced unusual metabolism (as for glucose (BG), triglyceride (TG), and urea nitrogen (BUN) level in blood) and experimental liver injury (model : CCl_4-and high fatty food induced) in mice. These alcohol-induced increasing responses were inhibited by the extracted and refined substances from puerariae flos. In short, PF-ME (4500 mg/kg) and PF-P (400 mg/kg) inhibited an increase in BG level induced by alcohol, whereas PF-IF (1000 mg/kg) and PF-SP (1000 mg/kg) did not. Similary, PF-ME and PF-SP inhibited an increase in TG induced by alcohol, whereas PF-IF did not. In addition, PF-IF and PF-SP inhibited increasing BUN level. Still more, PF-IF and PF-SP significantly inhibited an increase in gulutamate oxalacetate transaminase or gulutamate pyruvate transaminase level induced by high-fatty food and CCl_4 in control animals. Especially PF-IF (250 mg/kg) administration showed a remarkable effect (inhibition : 76.3%) in control animals. These results suggested that puerariae flos or its combination drugs may be a useful drug as a traditional medicinal system for counteraction to drinking.
著者
新甫 勇次郎 山崎 律 中島 嘉次郎 伊東 宏 竹下 尚 金城 順英 野原 稔弘
出版者
公益社団法人日本薬学会
雑誌
藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.109, no.6, pp.424-431, 1989-06-25
被引用文献数
12

In the general rule, Puerariae Flos or it's combination drugs are used in traditional medicinal system for counteraction to drinking among Japanese and Chinese therapy. One of such drugs is Kakkakaiseito. Here we report the results of investigation on some pharmacological actions including alcoholic metabolism. The experiments were carried out to confirm its actual effect on alcohol, acetaldehyde and ketone body metabolism in the blood and the alteration of behaviour pattern of mice. Drugs used in this study were methanolic extract (PF-ME), isoflavonoid fraction (PF-IF) and triterpenoid saponin fraction (PF-SP) isolated from Puerariae Flos. Each drug was orally administrated to mice. These results were shown as follows : the concentrations of blood alcohol and acetaldehyde decreased more after the treatment with PF-IF (800 mg/kg) than those of the control group. This fact was evidenced remarkable effects with area under the blood concentration-time curve, mean residence time, and variance residence time and values on the moment analysis. However, a reduction effect was not recognized by the treatment with PF-SP (1000 mg/kg). Moreover, PF-ME and PF-IF suppressed the increment of spontaneous movement induced by alcohol administration, whereas PF-SP did not prevent the decrease in the increment caused by alcohol administration. These results support the basis that Puerariae Flos or its combination drugs is used in a traditional medicinal system for counteraction to drinking. However, further investigation is necessary.
著者
栗原 藤三郎 菊地 正雄
出版者
公益社団法人日本薬学会
雑誌
藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.95, no.11, pp.1283-1285, 1975-11-25
被引用文献数
4

A new isoflavone glycoside, kakkalide, was isolated from the methanol extract of fresh flower of Pueraria thunbergiana BENTH., and its chemical structure was determined as irisolidone-7-β-D-xylopyranosyl-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
著者
塚本 赳夫 西岡 五夫 木下 洋夫
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.75, no.8, pp.1019-1020, 1955

Following the extraction of a sterol as the non-saponifiable matter from the ether extract of the root of <i>Oenothera lamarckiana</i> Ser., which was assumed to be &beta;-sitosterol, the presence of sterol was examined in four kinds of Oenothera spp., <i>O. odorata</i> Jacp., <i>O. parviflora</i> L., <i>O. lacimata</i> Hill., and <i>O. tetraptera</i> Cav. These plants all yielded the same sterol as that obtained from <i>O. lamarckiana</i> Ser.
著者
佐藤 捨三郎
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1912, no.361, pp.217-241, 1912-03-26 (Released:2018-08-31)
被引用文献数
1

曩ニ内務省東京衛生試驗所ニ奉職中東京市内ノ混砂米及之カ淘洗米ニ就テ試驗セシ結果假令混砂米ト雖トモ水洗宜シキヲ得レハ砂粉ヲ附着スルノ虞ナク從テ衛生上何等障害ナキヲ報告セリ當時精米業者ハ玄米搗精ノ目的ヲ以テ珪酸及其當時ヨリナレル早搗粉(俗ニ荒粉ト云フ)ノ少量ヲ加フルノミニテ他ニ何物ヲモ混セサルモノト信セシガ其後京都府ニ轉任シ當市ニ於ケル精米業者ヲ觀ルニ彼等ノ多クハ搗精ノ目的ヲ以テ使用スル荒粉ハ極メテ少量ナルニ反シ増量若クハ化装用トシテ土粉(俗ニ青本粉ト云フ)又ハ石粉ト稱スル粉末ノ多量ヲ混シ以テ不正ノ利ヲ貪リツ、アルヲ知レリ故ニ當府ニ於テハ昨年市内販賣店ヨリ收去セル混砂米百九十六種ニ就キ試驗ヲ遂ケシ結果灰分ノ量無水物レシテ一プロセント」以上ノモノハ混砂ノ量多キモノト認メ警察犯處罰令ニ據リ相當取締ヲ加フルコト、ナセリ
著者
石井 康子 谷澤 久之 池本 長司 滝野 吉雄
出版者
公益社団法人日本薬学会
雑誌
藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.101, no.3, pp.254-258, 1981
被引用文献数
4 7

Cathartic effects of Aloe pulv. (J. P. IX) and pulv. of Aloe arborescens MILL. var. natalensis BERGER (Kidachialoe) were examined in mice and rats by oral administration. It was found that rats were more suitable than mice. Additionally, no sex difference in rats was observed. Cathartic activity (ED<SUB>50</SUB>) in male rats was 84.3 mg/kg in Aloe pulv., and 900 mg/kg in Kidachialoe pulv. Several experiments to find the mechanism of cathartic effect of Aloe were done. It was considered that Aloe acted on the large intestine mainly, and that process of activation of Aloe by intestinal flora was necessary to act. It was considered that main cathartic component of Aloe was barbaloin by comparision of barbaloin contents in Aloe and cathartic activity. Then, it was concluded that barbaloin represented cathartic activity of Aloe.

1 0 0 0 OA [OTHERS]

出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1893, no.132, pp.193-240, 1893-02-26 (Released:2018-08-31)
被引用文献数
1
著者
飯盛 挺造
出版者
公益社団法人日本薬学会
雑誌
藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
no.5, pp.140-144, 1882-04
著者
飯盛 挺造
出版者
公益社団法人日本薬学会
雑誌
藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
no.6, pp.172-178, 1882-05
著者
丹波 敬三
出版者
公益社団法人日本薬学会
雑誌
藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
no.408, 1916-02-26
著者
飯盛 挺造
出版者
公益社団法人日本薬学会
雑誌
藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
no.336, pp.99-103, 1910-02-26

水ノ表面張力ニ由テ金屬ノ球・線・板等ノ如キ比重大ナルモノ、一定量モ亦能ク之ヲ水面ニ浮メ得ルヤ否ヤ先ツ之ヲ水銀球ニ由リ然ル後鉛球ヲ以テ研究シ其一定量ハ浮泛スルコトヲ證明セリ
著者
吉川 雅之 P0NGPIRIYADACHA Yutana 來住 明宣 蔭浦 禎士 王 涛 森川 敏生 松田 久司
出版者
公益社団法人日本薬学会
雑誌
藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.123, no.10, pp.871-880, 2003-10-01
参考文献数
27
被引用文献数
15 63

デチンムル科(Hippocerateaceae)Salacia属植物は,インド,スリランカを始め,タイやインドネシアなどの東南アジア,ブラジルなどの熱帯地域に広く分布し,約120種が知られている.スリランカ,インド,タイなどに多く自生するSalacia(S.)reticulata,S.oblonga及びS.chinensis(syn.S.prinoides)は,つる性の多年性木本で,その根部や幹は,インドやスリランカの伝統医学であるアーユルヴェーダを始め,中国やタイの伝承医学などにおいて天然薬物として利用されてきた.スリランカでは,S.reticulataの根皮は,リウマチ,淋病及び皮膚病の治療に用いられるほか,特に糖尿病の初期の治療に有効であると伝承されている.インドでは,S.reticulataやS.oblongaの根部が,リウマチ,淋病,皮膚病及び糖尿病の治療に用いられている.S.chinensisは,S.prinoidesと同一植物であると言われており,インドや中国及びタイ,インドネシアなどの東南アジアに広く分布している.インドにおいては,S.prinoidesは糖尿病の治療のほかに,堕胎,通経,性病の治療に用いられている.一方,中国伝統医学では,S.prinoidesはサラツボクと称され,リウマチ性関節炎,腰筋の疲労,体力の虚脱や無力感の改善に用いられている.タイにおいてはS.chinensisの幹の煎じ液が緩下や筋肉痛の緩和によいとされているが,糖尿病や肥満の治療に用いられることはない.我々は,代表的な生活習慣病の1つで,現在日本人の約1割が発病又はその予備軍と言われている糖尿病あるいはその主たる因子の1つとされている肥満の予防に役立つ機能性素材を世界各地の薬用食物に求めて解明研究を進めている.その探索研究の一環として,スリランカ産S.reticulata及びインド産S.oblongaの幹及び根部エキスにショ糖負荷ラットにおける強い血糖値上昇抑制活性を見出し,その作用メカニズムが糖質加水分解酵素阻害作用であることを明らかにした.また,活性成分として,新奇なチオ糖スルホニウム硫酸分子内塩構造を有するsalacinol(1)及びkotalanol(2)を単離するとともに,1や2が,市販のα-glucosidase阻害薬と同等の強いα-glucosidase阻害や糖の吸収抑制作用を示すことを見出した.また,糖尿病性合併症である白内障や神経障害に関与するポリオール代謝系の律速酵素であるaldose還元酵素に対する阻害作用成分を探索したところ,Salacia属植物から活性成分としてmangiferin(3)及び数種のトリテルペン類を見出した.さらに,肥満及び肝障害など種々の生活習慣病に関連した活性評価を行い,3やポリフェノール成分などに活性を見出している.これまでに,タイ産S.chinensisの成分として,茎からdulcitol,proanhocyanidin及びleucopelargoninの2量体が単離され,葉からはproanthocyanidinが単離されている.また,インド産S.prinoidesから多数のトリテルペン成分が報告されている.最近,Salacia属植物の幹部や根部がダイエット素材としていわゆる健康食品に利用されるようになっている.しかし,これらのSalacia属植物は,現在のところいずれも栽培化に成功しておらず,もっぱら野生品が供給されているのが現状で,基源植物の同定を始め採取地や採取時期などが明確でないことも多い.また,抗糖尿病関連の活性が伝承されていないタイ産S.chinensisが,ダイエット素材として利用されている.今回,タイ産S.chinensisの80%含水メタノール抽出エキスについて,スリランカ産S.reticulataとインド産S.oblongaとの比較のもとに,抗糖尿病作用や炎症に関連した活性評価試験として,i)糖負荷ラットにおける血糖値上昇抑制作用(in vivo,ii)ラット小腸刷子縁膜由来及びパン酵母由来α-glucosidase阻害活性,iii)ラットレンズ由来aldose還元酵素阻害活性(in vivo),iv)アマドリ化合物及び終末糖化産物[advanced glycation end-products(AGEs)]生成抑制活性,v)DPPH及びO^-_2ラジカル消去活性,vi)マウス腹腔マクロファージからのリポ多糖(LPS)誘発一酸化窒素(NO)産生抑制活性について検討した.また,S.chinensisの80%含水メタノール抽出エキスからsalacinol(1)を単離,同定するとともに,タイ各地で入手したS.chinensisについてラット小腸由来α-glucosidase阻害活性を比較した結果について報告する.
著者
大村 智
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.106, no.9, pp.729-757, 1986
被引用文献数
2

After structure elucidation of 16-membered macrolide antibiotic leucomycin, the structures of spiramycin, tylosin, megalomicin, irumamycin and virustomycin were determined by chemical degradation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The studies on the chemical modification and structure activity correlation of macrolides led to the elaboration of clinically useful new derivatives.<BR>The biosynthetic origin of the carbon skeletone of macrolide aglycone was investigated by means of <SUP>13</SUP>C NMR and the feeding experiments of <SUP>13</SUP>C labeled precursors. We found that an antifungal antibiotic cerulenin is a specific inhibitor of fatty acid and &ldquo;polyketide&rdquo; biosyntheses, and applied the antibiotic to the biosynthetic studies of macrolides after formation of the lactone ring and to the production of a new &ldquo;hybrid&rdquo; macrolide, chimeramycin. Furthermore, a strain which produces a new &ldquo;hybrid&rdquo; antibiotic mederrhodin was breaded from actinorhodin and medermycin producers by gene manipulation.<BR>Sixty five or more new antibiotics have been discovered from secondary microbial metabolites using newly devised screening systems. Azureomycins and izupeptins were found as bacterial cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors. In combination with the above screening, several new antibiotics, nanaomycins, frenolicin B, cervinomycins, asukamycin and so on were discovered as antimycoplasmal substances. Diazaquinomycins as antifolate substance, hitachimycin and avermectin as anthelmintics, herbimycin, phosalacine and oxetin as herbicids have been found by the corresponding each screening system. The structure elucidation, biosynthesis and mode of action of these antibiotics have been studied. Among of them, nanaomycin A and avermectin (or ivermectin) have been employed as antifungal and antiparasitic therapeutics, respectively, for veterinary use.
著者
桜井 光一 三浦 俊明 小木曾 健人
出版者
公益社団法人日本薬学会
雑誌
藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.106, no.11, pp.1034-1039, 1986
被引用文献数
4

Protective effects of several hydroxyl radical (HO&middot;) scavengers and superoxide dismutase on alloxan-induced diabetes were studied in vivo. Thiourea, methylthiourea, dimethylthiourea and ethanol, HO&middot; scavengers (type 1), which easily cross cellular membranes, protected initial- and permanent-hyperglycemia. In contrast, mannitol and sorbitol (type 2), which can not cross cellular membranes, protected initial-hyperglycemia, but did not protect permanent-hyperglycemia. Furthermore, superoxide dismutase which is not expected to be incorporated into pancreatic &beta;-cell, strongly protected initial-hyperglycemia but partially protected permanent-hyperglycemia. These results suggest that HO&middot;primarily damages the &beta;-cell membranes by acting at or neat a site involved in insulin release, and subsequently damages the intracellular components. From these results, the possible protective mechanism of these scavengers was discussed.