著者

長野 晃三 長野 希美

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.117, no.10, pp.749-763, 1997-11-01

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Various experimental data have been supporting an idea that the conformation of A-site tRNA is different from that of P-site tRNA and have led to a new tRNA docking pair model, in which the highly conserved G18 and G19 of D-loop in A-site tRNA and C56 and C61 of TΨC-loop in P-site tRNA base pair exist along with the conventional base pairs of adjacent codon-anticodon interactions. This A-P tRNA pair model can be translocated to the P-E tRNA model without changing the conformation except the ACCA termini, keeping the position of the growing nascent polypeptide chain. On the other hand, it is noteworthy that C1378 of E. coli 16S rRNA cross-links to the 32 position on the anticodon loop of A-site tRNA in the pre-translocational state, and also to the same position of E-site tRNA in the post-translocational state, instead of the corresponding position of P-site tRNA. It resulted in a relationship between the A-P and P-E tRNA docking pair models in the pre- and post-translocational states, respectively, caused by a rotation with the angle of 25° around the axis of rotation symmetry. Furthermore, nucleotide sequence analysis showed that CGAGC1107 of 16S rRNA is complementary with the conserved GTΨCG57 of tRNA. When it is combined with the P-E tRNA pair model, the crystallograp-hically obtained L-shaped tRNA model fits both A-site codon with base pairings and the free TΨC-loop of P-site tRNA without base pairings. The base pairings between the GTΨCG57 of tRNA and the CGAGC1107 of 16S rRNA destabilize the bound aminoacyl-tRNA and result in a flow of discarding noncognate and near-cognate ternary complexes until cognate one arrives at the A-site codon. Recognition of a cognate ternary complex could occur, starting from breaking a hydrogen bond between N3 atom of U33 and O5' atom of A36 in the aminoacyl-tRNA, with base pairings of the codon-anticodon interactions, the conserved A 1394 in the 16S rRNA to the conserved U33 in the anticodon loop of the tRNA. The exposed U33 of the aminoacyl-tRNA is paired with A1394 in the recognitionmode of A site, and finally passed to A1398 of A-site tRNA in the A-P tRNA pair model of the pre-translocational state. The exposure of U33 base at the A site is a key event in the mechanism of codon recognition.

著者

朝比奈 泰彦 淺野 三千三

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.480, pp.85-97, 1922-02-26

著者

松永 民秀 渡辺 和人 吉村 英敏 山本 郁男

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.118, no.9, pp.408-414, 1998-09-01

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△^9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (△^9-THC), cannabinol, cannabidiol and cannabichromene were detected in commercially available cannabis seeds by silica gel TLC and gas chromatography. These cannabinoids existed in rather high content (0.10-2.02mg/100g of seeds) in the feed for birds, especially bracts (82.3-441mg/100g). When the suspension prepared from the benzene washing solution of cannabis seeds, BenW, was administered at a dose of 3mg/kg corresponding to △^9-THC into a mouse, i.v., BenW caused hypothermia, catalepsy, pentobarbital-induced sleep prolongation and suppression of locomotor activity. These pharmacological activities of BenW were significantly higher than those of △^9-THC (3mg/kg, i.v.). These results may indicate the necessity to reconsider the present regulations on marihuana.

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.32, pp.389-390, 1884-10-26

著者

鴻海 俊太郎 末丸 克矢 川崎 博己 町支 臣成 日比野 俐 荒木 博陽

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.129, no.2, pp.197-201, 2009-02-01

被引用文献数

2

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The rate of smoking in patients with schizophrenia is higher than that in the general population. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are involved in the sensorimotor gating deficits in schizophrenia. We have revealed that nicotine ameliorates the disruption of the PPI, a model of sensorimotor gating, which is induced by apomorphine, a dopamine receptor agonist, but is not effective for the disruption of the PPI induced by phencyclidine, a glutamine NMDA receptor antagonist, in rats. Furthermore, the ameliorating effect of nicotine is antagonized by methyllycaconitine, a selective α_7 nAChR antagonist. The effect of nocitine was also investigated in the stereotyped behavior induced by apomorphine, however, nicotine was found to have no significant effect. Considering these results, the ameliorating effect of the disruption of the PPI via α_7 nAChR is therefore thought to be involved in dopaminergic systems. The dopaminergic systems involved in α_7 nAChR may be different from the systems involved in stereotypy. In addition, this review describes the effects of the α_7 nicotinic receptor agonists.

著者

田原 良純

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.328, pp.587-625, 1909-06-26

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著者ハ著者カ嘗テ河豚ノ卵中ニ發見シタル毒素即チ河豚酸摘出ノ方法ニ就キ之レニ改良ヲ加へ以テ從前ヨリハ多量且正確ニ毒素ヲ得ルニ至ラシメタリ、特ニ改良ノ要點ハ河豚卵ノ水侵液ヨリ蛋白質、燐酸等ヲ除去シタル後毒素ヲ鉛化合物トシテ完全ニ沈降セシムルニアリ、毒素ハ白色無晶形引濕性ノ物質ニシテ家兎ニ對スル致死量ハ體量一キログラム」ニ付キ四ミリグラム」以下ナリ元素分析ヲ行ヒシニ所含ノ元素相互間ノ比例ハ略々C_<13>H_<27>NO_<12>ナル式ニ一致セリ、著者ハ尚氷醋酸ニ由リ起ル毒素ノ變化竝ニ稀鹽酸ノ作用ニ由リ生シタル分解成績物ニ就キ説述シタリ

著者

田原 良純

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.356, 1911-10-26

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著者ハ藥學雜誌第三百二十八號ニ於テ發表シタル河豚毒素研究報告中ノ無窒素性結晶物質ニ假リニ「テトロドペントーゼ」ナル名稱ヲ附シタリシガ更ニ試驗ノ結果「シエレル及ガロア氏ノ「イノシット反應ヲ呈スルヲ認メ熔融點ノ相違セルニ拘ラズソノ「イノシット」ナルコトヲ决定セリ

著者

伊勢 雄也 萩原 研 齋藤 節生 本城 和義 宋 静香 加藤 あゆみ 片山 志郎 西澤 健司 平野 公晟 吉行 俊郎 木山 輝郎 三橋 恭子 亀井 美和子 白神 誠

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.124, no.11, pp.815-824, 2004-11-01

被引用文献数

1 1

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米国では1983年よりMedicareの入院医療費の支払い方法として,医療費の診断群別定額支払い制度(Diagnosis Related Group/Prospective Payment System;DRG/PPS)が導入されているが,わが国でも平成15年4月より診断群分類(Diagnosis Procedure Combination;DPC)に基づく包括支払い制度が大学病院,国立がんセンター,国立循環器病センターなどの特定機能病院計82施設での入院医療において開始された.その結果,入院患者の在院期間の短縮と入院費用の削減並びに患者満足度の向上などを目的として,クリニカルパス(Clinical Pathway;CP)が日本の医療においてさらに注目されるようになった.日本医科大学付属病院(以下「当院」という)では1998年に「CP研究会」が設立され,患者ケアを医療スタッフがチームとなって行うシステムの構築を検討してきた.1)薬剤部では,その中でも胃癌の切除術患者CPに積極的に携わり,同CPに薬剤管理指導業務を導入することによる有用性並びにその費用対効果についての検討を行い,数多くの知見を得ている.

著者

河添 仁 飯原 なおみ 土居 智明 森田 修之

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.125, no.12, pp.959-969, 2005-12-01

被引用文献数

2

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The proclamation of April 2002 of a Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare ordinance has enabled doctors to prescribe drugs for an outpatient without a limit on the length of prescription terms except for a few drugs. There is a concern that the prescription-term deregulation could cause careless drug therapy management in order to extend the interval between patient hospital visits. The purpose of this study is to make pre- and post-deregulation comparisons of two items, prescription terms and implementation of clinical examination that complied with package-insert precautions, and to discuss the approaches to increase safety. Prescription terms have lengthened progressively. In the preregulation period of January to March 2002, the mean prescription term was 19.9 days; in the post-regulation period of July to September 2002, it was 24.9 days; and in July to September 2003, 28.6 days. Even for anti-tumor agents, there were prescriptions over 90 days after deregulation. There was no significant difference between the pre- and post-deregulation compliance ratios for the package-insert precautions in eight drugs of investigated nine. However, one case had a delay in detection of liver dysfunction, which was caused by deviation from the once-a-month testing indicated in the package-insert precautions for prolonged prescription terms. The evidence suggested that the deregulation led to negligent drug therapy management. To assure safe therapy, the following should be addressed : first, sufficient function of a computerized prescriber order entry system and second, creation of a new framework with pharmacists' active involvement such as collaborative therapy management with physicians.

著者

片山

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.275, pp.24-25, 1905-01-26

著者

渡邊

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.260, pp.1044-1045, 1903-10-26

被引用文献数

1

著者

安本 三治 山下 純一 橋本 貞夫

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.98, no.11, pp.1551-1553, 1978-11-25

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Synthesis of 3-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5-fluorouracil (3-Thf-FU) (III), which has been found to be a metabolic intermediate of 1,3-bis (tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5-fluorouracil (Thf_2-FU) and an effective antitumor agent, is reported. 1-Alkane- or 1-arene-sulfonyl-5-fluorouracil (I) was trimethylsilylated by treatment with N, O-bis (trimethylsilyl) acetamide and treated with 2-acetoxytetrahydrofuran in the presence of stannic chloride to give 1-alkane- or 1-arene-sulfonyl-3-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5-fluorouracil (II). III was obtained by deblocking of II with methanolic ammonia.

著者

三好 伸一

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.120, no.11, pp.1149-1157, 2000-11-01

被引用文献数

1

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Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic human pathogen causing wound infection and septicemia, characterized by hemorrhagic and edematous damage to the skin of limbs. When injected into the dorsal skin, an extracellular metalloprotease from this vibrio (V.vulnificus protease : VVP) enhanced the vascular permeability through activation of the Hageman factor-plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade and/or stimulation of exocytotic histamine release. Additionally, VVP caused the hemorrhagic skin lesion through disorganization of the vascular basement membrane layer due to specific degradation of type IV collagen, which is known to form the backbone structure of the basement membrane. However, injected VVP was quickly inactivated by a plasma glycoprotein, α-macroglobulin, at a molar ratio of 1 : 1. This glycoprotein was leaked from the capillaries by the actions of VVP, which resulted in in situ inactivation by physical entrapment. When VVP (45000 Da) was incubated at 37℃, a 35000 Da fragment was generated by the autocatalytic removal of a 10000 Da C-terminal polypeptide. This N-terminal fragment showed significant proteolytic activity, however, because of a markedly decreased affinity to the protein substrates, its permeability-enhancing and hemorrhagic activity was reduced to less than 50%. These findings indicate that the C-terminal polypeptide is not essential for but promotes skin reactions caused by VVP.

著者

中島 晴信 宮野 直子 松永 一郎 中島 ナオミ 鹿庭 正昭

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.127, no.5, pp.865-888, 2007-05-01

被引用文献数

2 3

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To clarify the marketing status of antimicrobial products, descriptions on the labels of commercially available antimicrobial products were investigated from 1991 through 2005, and the results were analyzed using a database system on antimicrobial deodorant agents. A classification table of household antimicrobial products was prepared and revised, based on which target products were reviewed for any changes in the product type. The number of antimicrobial products markedly increased over 3 years starting from 1996, among which there were many products apparently not requiring antimicrobial processing. More recently, in the 2002 and 2004 surveys, while sales of kitchenware and daily necessities decreased, chemical products, baby articles, and articles for pets increased; this poses new problems. To clarify the use of antimicrobial agents in the target products, a 3-step (large, intermediate, small) classification table of antimicrobial agents was also prepared, based on which antimicrobial agents indicated on the product labels were checked. The rate of identifying the agents increased. However, this is because of the increase of chemical products and baby articles, both of which more frequently indicated the ingredient agents on the labels, and the decrease of kitchenware and daily necessities, which less frequently indicated them on the labels. Therefore there has been little change in the actual identification rate. The agents used are characterized by product types: quaternary ammonium salts, metal salts, and organic antimicrobials are commonly used in textiles, plastics, and chemical products, respectively. Since the use of natural organic agents has recently increased, the safety of these agents should be evaluated.

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.36, pp.73-74, 1885

著者

田原

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.168, 1896-02-26

著者

内林 政夫

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.126, no.1, pp.27-36, 2006-01-01

被引用文献数

2

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Bencao Pinhui Jingyao complied in 1505 shows a drawing of maize under the caption of Yiyi-ren (Job's Tear). Also, a Chinese poem written around 1368 contains a term yumi, which indicates maize. These new findings offer clear evidence that maize existed in China in the pre-Columbian era. Details of this evidence, together with probable routes of introduction of maize to China, are discussed here.

著者

内林 政夫

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.126, no.6, pp.423-427, 2006-06-01

被引用文献数

1 3

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An overview is presented on the reports available so far on pre-Columbian maize covering the regions of India, Mideast, Africa and Iberia. Frequent observations of maize recorded in the past on the East and the West Coast of Africa and at the ports in the Mideast show that maize was one of the staples of the natives well before 1492. It is also evident that maize in the West Africa was disseminated to Iberia and Lombardy in the pre-Columbian time. An earlier contact between the Old and the New World is strongly suggested.

著者

高橋 順太郎

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.84, pp.88-94, 1889-02-02

著者

高橋 順太郎

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.81, pp.538-542, 1888-11-03