著者

朝比奈 泰彦 吉富 英助

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.424, pp.489-499, 1917-06-26

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著者等はクソニンジンの揮發油中にチ子オール及一新ケトンC_<10>H_<10>Oを抽出し之をアルテミジアケトンと命名し又左旋樟腦を確定せり

著者

赤田 良信 河野 貞子 山岸 正治 棚瀬 弥一郎

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.100, no.2, pp.212-215, 1980-02-25

被引用文献数

1

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A rapid method for determining paeonol in Moutan Cortex ("Mudanpi"-root bark of Paeonia moutan) was established by high-speed liquid chromatography. Paeonol was separated in a 25 cm column of Zorbax CN, using a Shimadzu-Du Pont Model LC-2 liquid chromatograph, with 50% acetonitrile as the desorption solution. Separation was completed within 7 min. Paeonol in Moutan Cortex was extracted with methanol and the extract was injected directly into the column. Paeonol content was estimated from previously prepared calibration curves based on standard paeonol. At 275 nm, the precision of the determination was about ±1% and the detection limit was about 2 ng (S/N ratio, 3). It was concluded that this method is useful for the evaluation of Moutan Cortex.

著者

金内 美妃 郡 修徳 千本木 要 坂井 英夫 井関 健

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.125, no.2, pp.187-196, 2005-02-01

被引用文献数

3 6

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ケタミンは, 解離性麻酔作用を有する全身性麻酔薬であり, 呼吸抑制などの副作用が少ないことから手術時に繁用されている. 一方, このケタミンは麻酔量より低用量を投与すると, 神経因性疼痛に関与しているといわれるNMDA受容体の非競合的拮抗薬として作用することから, 鎮痛効果も併せ持つ薬剤である.そのため, 非ステロイド性抗炎症薬などに抵抗する難治性疼痛を持つ患者に対し, ケタミンは保険適応外使用ではあるが, 鎮痛薬として静注や筋注以外に経口投与でも用いられている.しかし日本においてケタミンの市販薬は注射液のみであるため, 患者がケタミンによる在宅治療を行う場合, 注射液を経口投与しなければならないが, この注射液は特有の苦味や刺激感を有するため, 患者が服用を拒否する場合もある. そこで臨床現場では, 注射液に単シロップや矯味剤などを添加した液剤やケタミン試薬から調製した錠剤を院内製剤として患者に投与している.

著者

浜田 辰夫

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.125, no.1, pp.1-16, 2005-01-01

参考文献数

71

被引用文献数

3

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筆者が学部学生で4年生の卒業実習として北海道大学医学部薬学科の薬品製造学講座に配属されたのは1959年で, 当時は故伴義雄先生が教授で北大薬学部の基礎作りや講座の運営のみならず, 国際学会などで, 世界を股に駆けてのご活躍でした. 幸か不幸か, われわれ新入者は自分で仕事を切り開くしかなく, 苦労の連続でした. しかし, その過程で実験の面白さを体験でき, 研究計画立案, 反応デザインなど化学をより正確にとらえ, 実行する訓練ができたと思います. 当時, 数学と物理が得意だった筆者は将来の計画をどうしようかと迷っていましたが, 物を作る喜び, 自分で計画を立て, 実行する楽しさに将来を決断したことを覚えております. 教育の効率から4年次の卒業研究を危ぶむ声も聞かれますが, 筆者の体験から言わせていただければ, できるだけ早く自分で研究を進める訓練をするほうが効率がいいと思いますので, ぜひ卒業研究は続けてほしいと思います.

著者

阿部 俊克 大塚 勝弘 大熊 誠一

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.101, no.1, pp.78-81, 1981-01-25

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Rice bran lectin (RBL) agglutinated human erythrocytes regardless of their ABO and MN blood-group systems. The receptor activity of erythrocytes against RBL was completely abolished by treatment with pronase for two hours and partially abolished by treatment with trypsin or α-chymotrypsin for three hours. Sialoglycopeptides released from human erythrocytes by treatment with protease such as pronase, trypsin or α-chymotrypsin inhibited the hemagglutination by RBL. Removal of sialic acid residues of sialoglycopeptides diminished their inhibitory activities. Among sugars tested, only N-acetyl-D-glucosamine showed hemagglutinating inhibition.

著者

竹本 常松 石黒 敏弘

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.6, pp.530-533, 1966-06-25

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The terrestrial portion of Euphorbia watanabei MAKINO was found to contain, besides nonacosane (?), tetracosanol, a wax-like, m.p. 59〜60°, and β-sitosterol, five-membered ring triterpenes taraxerol acetate, lupeol acetate, alunusenone (?), taraxerone, luperone, and taraxasterol. It is interesting from botanical aspects that euphane series triterpenes, which would be anticipated from Euphorbia spp., were not obtained.

著者

西川 洋子 福本 紘一 鐵見 雅弘 形井 雅昭 廻 治雄

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.109, no.5, pp.340-343, 1989-05-25

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The grayanotoxin III (GTX III) was given intraperitoneally to rats at a dose of 0.8 or 2.8 mg/kg. To study the effects of GTX III on rats, biological tests in serum for functions of liver and kidney and their pathological observation were performed 1 h after the administration. Using analysis of variance, multiple comparison and correlation on biological parameters, activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), guanase and leucine aminopeptidase and concentrations of total protein, albumin, creatinine, uric acid and K increased significantly. These parameters showed dose-effect relations with GTX III. Though GPT and free fatty acid increased significantly, dose-effect relations were not shown. The activity of choline esterase and the concentrations of bilirubin, urea-N, lipoperoxide, cholesterol, triglycerides, Na and Cl were not significantly different. Pathological changes were not observed in the liver and kidney of rats. These results show that GTX III may affect the functions of liver and kidney in rats.

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.80, pp.463-474, 1888-10-06

著者

橋本 肯子 安田 高明 大澤 啓助

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.112, no.5, pp.327-331, 1992-05-25

被引用文献数

4

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A simple method using ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography was established for the rapid and precise determination of synephrine in oriental pharmaceutical decoctions containing Aurantii Nobilis Pericarpium. An ODS column and a mixture of water, acetonitrile, sodium dodecyl sulfate and phosphoric acid (65 : 35 : 0.5 : 0.1) as a mobile phase were used for the separation. Synephrine was eluted without interference by other co-existing components within 15 min.

著者

宗野 真和

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.123, no.8, pp.653-663, 2003-08-01

被引用文献数

2

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合成反応やその戦略において炭素-炭素結合の形成反応は重要な課題であり,数多くの反応が開発されてきた.ヨウ化サマリウム(SmI_2)は,温和な条件で使用できる一電子還元剤であり,官能基の単純な還元に始まり,ケチルオレフィンカップリング反応,さらにはこれらを複数組み合わせたタンデム型反応などその報告例も近年増加しつつある.原子としてのサマリウムは,適度な還元力を有すること,イオン半径が長いこと,配位数が大きいこと,ルイス酸性が強いこと,酸素との親和力が大きいことなどの特徴を有する.また,SmI_2の還元力はある種の補助溶媒あるいは金属触媒を添加することにより調節できることが報告されている.例えば,SmI_2のAg/AgNO_3対照電極に対する酸化電位は,-1.33Vであるのに対し,HMPAを4eq.まで添加することで-2.05Vまで増強することができる.また,ある種のケチル-ラジカルカップリング反応の反応速度は,NiI_2の添加により増大することが報告されている.一方,電気化学的な見地から,不飽和カルボニル化合物の半波電位(vs.SCE)は,対応する飽和のカルボニル化合物とともによく研究されている.例えば,2.45V(cyclohexanone)>2.25V(methyl ethyl ketone)>1.8V(propionaldehyde)>1.55V(2-cyclohexen-1-one)>1.5V(acrolein)>1.42V(methyl vinyl ketone)のように,ケトンよりもアルデヒドの方が,また飽和のものより不飽和カルボニル化合物の方が容易に還元され得ることが分かる.私は以上のことを勘案し,SmI_2の反応系に添加物を加えることでその還元力と性質を変化させ,さらに分子内カルボニル基の種類をうまく組み合わせれば生成するケチルラジカル中間体をコントロールでき,結果として位置及び立体選択的に炭素骨格が構築できるのではないかと考えた.そこで,まず双環性化合物であるヒドリンダン誘導体の合成法を確立し,本方法が一般的に効力があるかいなかを確かめ,ついでこれらの反応を利用して天然物合成へ適用することを目標に定めた.具体的には,SmI_2を用いた還元的なエノン-アルデヒドの6-Endo-Trig-型の分子内閉環反応により,各種の置換基を有するヒドリンダノンの構築を詳細に検討した.さらにこの反応で得られたヒドリンダノン中間体を用いて,菌類代謝産物であるcoronafacic acid (9)の全合成を完了した.これらの結果について,順次述べる.

著者

中村 優 堀田 桂子 冨野 和子 原 周司

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.98, no.3, pp.382-385, 1978-03-25

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It was found that the total mercury content of human growing hair had a tendency to decrease with the lapse of time. Long hair samples obtained from 252 females and 64 males, which were cut off at their scalp ends, were cut into 5 cm segments. Each segment was washed, dried, weighed, and its total mercury content was measured with a Zeeman-effect mercury analyzer. Distributions of total mercury along length of hair showed various patterns but, generally, the mean values of mercury content of the corresponding segments decreased in the order of scalp ends to the tips of hairs, regardless of sex or age. In order to clarify whether mercury escaped from growing hair with the lapse of time or whether mercury contamination of human body was progressing, which resulted in the increase of mercury content in the hair, hair samples obtained from 4 fixed persons were treated as above and stored, and then new hair samples from the same persons were obtained after the hair grew 5 cm, and the mercury content of the stored and new hair samples was compared. Its results indicated that mercury escaped from the growing hair with the lapse of time. From these facts measurement of the total mercury content in human hair should be carried out with samples cut at the scalp end and of a definite length.

著者

赤木 勘三郎

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.285, pp.1056-1064, 1905-11-26

著者

川崎 和幸 山田 一磨呂 大江 孝範 鶴田 峯生 寺澤 道夫 今吉 朋憲 安永 幸弘 後藤 一洋

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.109, no.11, pp.827-834, 1989-11-25

被引用文献数

3

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The pro-drugs of α, 2-dimethyl-5H-[1] benzopyrano [2,3-b] pyridine-7-acetic acid (I) with a potent anti-inflammatory activity were synthesized in order to reduce its gastrointestinal side effects. Various esters synthesized were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity and ulcerogenicity. Among the compounds maintaining a potent activity of I, N, N-dimethylcarbamoyl-methyl α, 2-dimethyl-5H-[1] benzopyrano [2,3-b] pyridine-7-acetate (II-18) showed excellent biopharmaceutical characteristics. The ulcerogenic effect of II-18 showed excellent biopharmaceutical characteristics. The ulcerogenic effect of II-18 on the rat gastric mucosa was about 3 times less than that of I. It was suggested that II-18 may be an useful biolabile pro-drug for I among the compounds tested.

著者

井上 隆夫 石館 八重子 藤田 正雄 久保 正良 福島 美雪 永井 正博

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.98, no.1, pp.41-46, 1978-01-25

被引用文献数

1

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Chemical constituents of the leaves and stem bark of Acer nikoense MAXIM. (Aceraceae) were examined. β-Amyrin, β-sitosterol contaminated with campesterol and stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol glucoside were obtained from both parts of the plant. β-Amyrin acetate, quercetin, quercitrin, and ellagic acid were isolated from the leaves, and scopoletin, (+)-rhododendrol (VIII), (+)-catechin, and two new glycosides named aceroside I (XI), C_<25>H_<32>O_8,mp 170-171° (from acetone), [α] D-7.7°, and epi-rhododendrin (XII), C_<16>H_<24>O_7,mp 81-84°, [α] D -15.5°, from the stem bark. The absolute configuration of VIII was proposed to be S from empirical rule on optical rotation-chirality relationship. Hydrolysis of aceroside I (XI) afforded acerogenin A (XIII) as its aglycone, whose structure has already been reported. The structure of epi-rhododendrin (XII) was elucidated to be (S)-4-(p-hydroxyphenyl) butan-2-ol 2-β-D-glucopyranoside from chemical and spectral evidences.

著者

柳澤 秀吉 高島 則一

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

no.481, pp.179-189, 1922-03-26

著者

大谷 道輝 川端 志津 假家 悟 内野 克喜 伊藤 敬 小瀧 一 籾山 邦男 森川 亜紀 瀬尾 巖 西田 紀子

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.122, no.5, pp.323-329, 2002-05-01

被引用文献数

1 13

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The effect of the intake of 200g of grapefruit pulp (corresponding to one grapefruit) on the pharmacokinetics of the calcium antagonists nifedipine (NF) and nisoldipine (NS) were investigated in 8 healthy Japanese male volunteers. A crossover design was used for the study: group I did not ingest any grapefruit (control group); group II ingested grapefruit 1 h after drug administration; and group III ingested grapefruit 1 h before drug administration. The intake of grapefruit pulp increased the plasma concentrations of both NF and NS, an effect that has previously been reported with grapefruit juice. The increase was most marked when grapefruit was eaten before drug administration. For both NF and NS, subjects who ingested grapefruit 1 h before drug administration exhibited a greater C_<max> and AUC_<0-24> than did subjects in the control group. For NF, the C_<max> was 1.4 times higher and the AUC_<0-24> 1.3 times larger in group III than in group I. For NS, the C_<max> was 1.5 times higher and the AUC_<0-24> 1.3 times larger in group III than in group I. The increase in the AUC_<0-24> was significant for both drugs (p<0.05). The finding that the ratios of C_<max> and AUC_<0-24> for unchanged drug and metabolites did not vary greatly among the three groups for either drug suggests that the increase in serum concentration produced by grapefruit intake may be due to other factors than an inhibitory effect on drug metabolism. Also, the increases in C_<max> and AUC_<0-24> of NS produced by grapefruit intake were smaller than those produced by grapefruit juice intake, indicating that grapefruit pulp and juice have different effects on the pharmacokinetics.

著者

岡田 寿太郎 川島 嘉明

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.10, pp.1345-1351, 1969-10-25

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Strychnine and brucine were extracted from slices of strychni seeds, cut into various sizes (#1-#4), in water at 27,37,and 47°. Results of analysis of extraction rate showed that the mechanism of extraction consists of washing, diffusion, and capillary extraction, but the capillary extraction occupies a small part. Mass transfer coefficients of these three mechanisms, which depend distinctly on temperature of the solvent, were determined.

著者

早川 順子 野田 直希 山田 貞二 宇野 圭一

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.104, no.1, pp.57-61, 1984-01-25

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Nux Vomica contains strychnine and brucine which showed a strong pharmacological activity. Therefore, an improved method of analyzing these compounds is of value. For determination of these compounds in Nux Vomica, titrimetry is employed on JPX. Then strychnine and brucine in Nux Vomica and commercial pharmaceutical preparations including Nux Vomica extracts were identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Samples were extracted with CHCl_3-MeOH (2 : 1). The extracts were passed through Sep Pak C_<18> cartridge and applied to TLC and HPLC. HPLCs of strychnine and brucine were carried out on Shodex ODS column and CH_3CN-H_2O (25 : 75) to which 1-heptanesulfonic acid was added as a counter ion for the solvent system. Recoveries from model preparations were more than 98%. This method was considered to be useful for the determination of strychnine and brucine in commercial preparations including Nux Vomica extracts.

著者

内山 充 鈴木 康男 福沢 健治

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.6, pp.678-683, 1968-06-25

被引用文献数

33

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Mechanism of antioxidation of tocopheronolactone, isolated as the quinonoid metabolic product of α-tocopherol, was examined. Tocopheronolactone was as effective as α-tocopherol in inhibiting the increase of TBA value during the in vitro incubation of α-tocopherol-deficient mouse liver homogenate, but the production of peroxide from unsaturated fatty acids irradiated with ultraviolet ray was not depressed by the sole addition of tocopheronolactone. Reduced tocopheronolactone depressed TBA value during the irradiation of unsaturated fatty acid with ultraviolet ray and reacted with the stable free radical α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl, but tocopheronolactone was not active. Reduced tocopheronolactone was oxidized to tocopheronolactone by free radical products of heme-catalyzed decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide. Tocopheronloactone in cytoplasm was reduced in 9000×g supernatant fraction but not in mitochondria, so that mitochondrial peroxidation was not inhibited by tocopheronolactone itself. Antioxidativeeffect of tocopheronolactone seems to appear after the biochemical reduction of the tocopheronolactone in vivo, followed by the reaction with free radicals and peroxides.

著者

安江 政一 加藤 義成 林 玉美 榊原 仁作

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.6, pp.738-741, 1968-06-25

被引用文献数

1

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Dried leaves of Acanthopanax sciadophylloides FRANCH. et SAV. were extracted with methanol and the water-soluble part of the extract was treated successively with solutions of lead acetate, basic lead acetate, and ammoniacal alkaline lead salt, as shown in Chart 1. myo-inositol, scyllitol, kaempferitrin, and antoside were isolated and identified. The constituents of these leaves were somewhat different according to the district where the materials came from. Utkin had suggested the structure of antoside as quercetin 3 (7)-glucosido-7 (3)-rhamnoside. Relative positions of glucose and rhamnose in the antoside molecule were now determined by enzymatic cleavage of rhamnose to give quercetin 3-glucoside (isoquercitrin) (Chart 2).