著者

田村 勝利 小田切 時彦 真船 直人 田村 輝美 齋藤 弥代子

出版者

麻布大学

雑誌

麻布大学雑誌 = Journal of Azabu University (ISSN:13465880)

巻号頁・発行日

no.15, 2008-03-31

著者

高槻 成紀

出版者

麻布大学

雑誌

麻布大学雑誌 = Journal of Azabu University (ISSN:13465880)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19/20, pp.139-147, 2010-03-31

著者

森田 英利 坂田 亮一 加藤 行男 久松 伸

出版者

麻布大学

雑誌

麻布大学雑誌 = Journal of Azabu University (ISSN:13465880)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5/6, pp.176-181, 2003-03-31

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亜硝酸ナトリウム(NaNO_2),塩化ナトリウム(NaCI)あるいは数種類の抗生物質で処理したベロトキシン産生大腸菌(VTEC)O157:H7の3株から,ベロトキシン(VT)1型と2型の放出量を定量した。VTEC O157:H7のうち,2株がVT1型とVT2型の両者を産出し,1株がVT2型のみ産出した。VTEC O157:H7をNaNO_2(最少発育阻止濃度である6,000mg/L)で処理したがVT1型およびVT2型の放出量は増加しなかった。NaNO_2由来の一酸化窒素(NO)の抗菌メカニズムを明らかにするために,NaNO_2で処理したVTEC O157:H7の細胞を77Kでの電子常磁性共鳴吸収(EPR)法に供した。その結果,g値2.035と2.010のEPRシグナルを検出し,細胞内に鉄硫黄タンパク質とNOが反応して形成されたジニトロシル鉄硫黄錯体が存在した。またATPの合成も阻害されていた。このことから,NaNO_2出来のNOは細胞内に入り,呼吸鎖に関与する酵素を不活化したものと考えられた。

著者

落合 偉洲

出版者

麻布大学

雑誌

麻布大学雑誌 = Journal of Azabu University (ISSN:13465880)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, 2015-03-20

出版者

麻布大学

雑誌

麻布大学雑誌 = Journal of Azabu University (ISSN:13465880)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, 2015-03-20

著者

大仲 賢二 古畑 勝則 福山 正文

出版者

麻布大学

雑誌

麻布大学雑誌 = Journal of Azabu University (ISSN:13465880)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13/14, pp.241-247, 2007-03-31

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Vibrio vulnificus感染症の感染経路や感染源を解明する一環として,環境由来株とヒト臨床由来株について血清型別,各種抗菌剤の薬剤感受性試験およびPFGE法によりDNA解析を行い分子疫学的検討を行ったところ,以下の成績が得られた。1.由来別に血清型を検討したところ,環境由来では72.5%が18菌型に型別され,O7が43.1%と最も多く,次にO4が6.1%などであった。ヒト臨床由来では87.1%が8菌型に型別され,O4が43.5%と最も多く,次にO7が12.9%などであった。その地域別において,東日本地域では69.2%が18菌型に型別され,O7が44.6%,04が5.7%などに,西日本地域では64.8%が8菌型に型別され,O7が20.4%と最も多く,次にO4が11.1%などにそれぞれ型別された。2.由来別に薬剤感受性をMIC_<90>で比較検討したところ,環境由来ではABPC,PIPC,CPZ,CTX,LMOX,MEPM,GM,EM,TC,DOXY,MINO,CP,NAおよびCPFXに感受性を示したが,CER,CET,CTX,CMZ,KMおよびLCMに対して耐性株が認められた。ヒト臨床由来ではEM,TC,DOXY,MINO,CP,NAおよびCPFXに感受性を示したが,ABPC,PIPC,CER,CET,CPZ,CTX,CMZ,LMOX,MEPM,KM,GM,AMKおよびLCMに対して耐性株が認められた。3.Not IとSfi Iの2種類の酵素を用いてそれぞれDNA切断を行い,PFGE法でDNA解析を検討したところ,酵素別のDNAパターン判読率は,Not I では76.9%,sfi Iでは97.9%を示し本菌のDNAパターン判読率はSfi Iが優れていた。4.Sfi IによってDNAパターンが判読された菌株をUPGMA法で解析を行ったところ,類似度が低く多岐のクラスターを示し,本菌感染症は複数のクローンから発生していることが明らかとなった。また,由来等が異なるが類似度が89%以上の類似度で,臨床株と環境株の組合せが認められることから,環境からヒト,ヒトから環境への感染の可能性が考えられた。

著者

服部 正平 森田 英利

出版者

麻布大学

雑誌

麻布大学雑誌 = Journal of Azabu University (ISSN:13465880)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.59-60, 2016-03-31

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メタゲノムからヒト常在菌叢の生態と機能を読み解く

著者

大木 茂

出版者

麻布大学

雑誌

麻布大学雑誌 = Journal of Azabu University (ISSN:13465880)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.11-24, 2007-03-31

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The purpose of this paper was to clarify the structural changes in sanchoku producer organizations (direct purchasing between co-op and producer organization). Since the 1990s based on the survey of consumer coop A's producer organizations. We also make some suggestions for the coop sanchoku business model. Sanchoku were started in the 1970s in order to obtain safe foods, which are low in agricultural chemicals. Throughout the 1980s sanchoku coops developed continuously, establishing safe food supply systems. But in the 1990s', coop retail busineses faced difficulties, especially with fresh food collection and supply systems. In 2002, mislabeling and use of non-permitted pesticide was discovered. Sanchoku coops were seriously damaged with sales falling by half. As a result of our survey we reached some conclusions. 1) Producer organizations are diversifying in each food category with regard to size, area, purpose, and sales volume. 2) Especially, type of management is getting diverse. 3) Most farmers just focus on their farm management. They aren't concerned about their local society and other farmers. Moreover, there are some differences among their points of view. Rice farmers tend to have a viewpoint of their local area. Fruits & vegetable farmers focus on the quality of their produce more than other farmers. Stockbreeding farmers have concentrated on the survival of their own farm or company. These results suggest that coops should build alliances with producer organizations in order to control or keep priority of their fresh food buying-distribution systems. If coops can't tie up with producer organizations, the food system might become supervised by big powerful agribusinesses. Under such a system we would never know any information without it being provided by big companies.

著者

岩橋 和彦 吉原 英児 青木 淳

出版者

麻布大学

雑誌

麻布大学雑誌 = Journal of Azabu University (ISSN:13465880)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.115-119, 2009-03-31

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我々はセロトニントランスポーター (5-HTT) 3'非翻訳領域 (3'UTR) 遺伝子多型の影響, 疼痛感受性個人差の原因, 性格の遺伝要因を解明する一助として5-HTT 3'UTR遺伝子多型と痛覚閾値およびパーソナリティとの3つの要因の関連性について調査検討を行った。 181人の健常者を対象に, 5-HTT 3'UTR遺伝子多型の判定には制限酵素切断長多型解析法を用い, 痛覚閾値に関しては冷水刺激試験および圧刺激試験を, パーソナリティの測定にはTCI (Temperament and Character Inventory) を行った。 遺伝子多型と痛覚閾値には関連がなかった。遺伝子多型とTCIの相関について, 男性ではST3{超個人的同一化 (vs. 自己弁別)}が遺伝子型G/G群で有意に高く, 女性ではST (自己超越性総合点) およびST2{自己忘却 (vs. 自己意識経験)}が遺伝子型G/T + T/T群で有意に高かった。痛覚閾値とTCIとの関係について, 男性群で冷水刺激閾値とNS4{無秩序 (vs. 組織化)}およびNS (新奇性追求) で負の相関, 女性群で冷水刺激閾値とSD4 (自己受容), C5{純粋な良心 (vs. 利己主義)}および圧刺激閾値とSD4 (自己受容) で正の相関が認められた。本研究から5-HTT 3'UTR遺伝子多型はCloningerの理論における性格次元に影響を与える可能性がある一方で, 痛覚は5-HTT 3'UTR遺伝子多型と関与せず, 一方でパーソナリティの一部と相関関係にある可能性が示唆された。To estimate the genetic factors influencing individual differences in sensitivity to pain, we have examined the associations among serotonin reuptake transporter (5-HTT) 3' UTR gene polymorphism, sensitivity to pain and personality. After the procedures were fully explained and written informed consent was obtained, 5-HTT 3' UTR gene polymorphism was investigated by PCR-RFLP, and personality assessment was performed by means of Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), and pain threshold by means of cold water and pressure stimulation tests in 181 healthy Japanese volunteers. Males with the T allele (T/T and T/G) showed a significantly lower Self-Transcendence (ST) 3 subdimension score than those without the T allele (G/G). Females with the T allele (T/T and T/G) showed significantly higher ST2 subdimension and ST dimension scores than those without the T allele (G/G). There was no significant relationship between 5-HTT 3' UTR gene polymorphism and pain sensitivity. As for pain sensitivity and TCI, there was low negative correlation between cold water stimulation in males and Novelty Seeking (NS) 4 subdimension and NS, and low positive correlation between cold water stimulation in females and Self-Directedness (SD) 4 subdimension and Cooperativeness (C) 5 subdimension, and between pressure stimulation in females and SD4. It is possible that 5-HTT 3' UTR gene polymorphism may affect the character dimension in the theory of Cloninger, however, 5-HTT 3' UTR gene polymorphism may not be related to the sense of pain, and that there is low correlation between pain and a part of the personality.

著者

宮地 一樹 木内 明男 藤村 正人 栗田 吾郎 阪口 雅弘

出版者

麻布大学

雑誌

麻布大学雑誌 = Journal of Azabu University (ISSN:13465880)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.91, 2013-01-31

著者

植竹 勝治 中谷 治奈 増田 尚子 吉田 善廣 江口 祐輔 田中 智夫

出版者

麻布大学

雑誌

麻布大学雑誌 = Journal of Azabu University (ISSN:13465880)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.191-193, 2009-03-31

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γ-アミノ酪酸 (GABA) の経口投与が肉用牛の長距離輸送および出荷・屠畜時のストレスを低減するかどうかを調べた。試験1では,対照区の去勢牛4頭に20mLの蒸留水を,処理区の去勢牛4頭に体重当たり10mgのGABA粉末を20mLの蒸留水に溶解した水溶液を,それぞれ130.1kmの陸路輸送直前に経口投与した。分散分析の結果,供試牛の唾液中コルチゾール濃度に対する処理と輸送経過時間との交互作用は,経過時間が60分までは有意 (P<0.05) であったが,120分以降については有意ではなくなった。試験2では,肥育牛20頭を5頭ずつ4処理区に分け,屠畜場への輸送前と翌朝の屠畜直前に,G区には13gのGABA粉末を100mLの蒸留水に溶解した水溶液を,S区には100mLの生理食塩水を,SG区には輸送前に生理食塩水と屠畜直前にGABA溶液を,それぞれ経口投与した。C区には輸送前も屠畜直前にも何も投与しなかった。多重比較検定の結果,いずれの処理区のウシの血漿コルチゾール濃度も,C区のウシよりも有意に低かった (全てP<0.01)。血漿アドレナリン濃度も,C区に比べ,S区のウシで有意に低く (P<0.05),G区のウシで低い傾向 (P<0.10) がみられた。これらの結果から,GABAの経口投与は,肉用牛の輸送および屠畜時のストレスを投与後数十分間は低減させることが確認された。We examined whether orally administered γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) would reduce stress of applied animals such as cattle, sheep, pigs and dogs. We report here only about the results of tests of transport and handling stress in cattle. In test 1, 20 mL of GABA solution containing 10 mg of GABA powder per kg body weight was administered to a group of 4 steers. Twenty mL of deionized water was administered to another group of 4 steers. Both groups of steers were then transported together 130.1 km by road. A significant interaction between group and salivary cortisol level for transport times up to 60 min was shown in two-way repeated-measure ANOVA (P<0.05). In test 2, 100 mL of GABA solution containing 13 g of GABA powder was administered to 5 steers twice, just before transport and before slaughter (group G). One hundred mL of normal saline solution (NSS) was administered to 5 steers (group S); 100 mL of NSS and 100 mL of the GABA solution were administered to 5 steers just before transport and before slaughter, respectively (group SG). The remaining 5 steers did not receive any solutions (group C). Significantly lowered concentration of plasma cortisol in groups G, S and SG compared to group C was shown in multiple comparisons (all P<0.01). The concentration of plasma adrenaline was significantly lowered in group S (P<0.05) and tended to be lower in group G (P<0.10) compared to group C. These results indicate that orally administered GABA can be a kind of stress reliever for cattle transported and handled by human.

出版者

麻布大学

雑誌

麻布大学雑誌 = Journal of Azabu University (ISSN:13465880)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.1-16, 2012-02-29

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André Masson was a French modern painter, regarded as one of the foremost surrealists of the early 20th century. Masson indeed left many works based on surrealistic automatism, notable for their striking lines, colors, and unique compositions. His main subjects involved depictions of eroticism and cruel violence. It should be stressed that Masson was a painter who considered and tried to express his profound philosophical ideas, mainly derived from the influence from F. Nietzsche and G. Battaile. Complete transcendental individualism, serious critical viewpoints that negate reason and Christianity resulted from the influence of Nietzschean philosophy. His startling images of sexuality, immolation and sacrifices, and the cruelviolence of massacres developed from the archeological ideas of G. Battaile. Among these themes the most remarkable characteristics of Masson’s art are the expression of cruelty and eroticism. Cruelty is the essence which Masson obtained through his personal experiences of the horrors of the First World War, and the anxieties and depression of fascism before the World War II. His images of merciless cruelty and violence are thus derived from his own experience. Eroticism and sexuality are closely related to both life and death, suggesting that birth is in equilibrium with death, and sexuality is equal to corruption. Continuity of life is made possible by cruel immolation and sadistic sacrifice. Sexuality is essential for this continuity of human survival. Death basically means the discontinuity that breaks the continuity of life. Therefore, sexuality and immolation are necessarily described in violent and cruel mythical expression. Masson applied the method of myth to his works, with the figures of Dionysus and the Minotaur as the symbols of the method. The purpose of this study is to clarify Masson’s fundamental ideas for art, to reveal the essence which constitutes his art, and to make clear the place of Masson’ s art in modern art of the 20th century.

著者

大倉 健宏

出版者

麻布大学

雑誌

麻布大学雑誌 = Journal of Azabu University (ISSN:13465880)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.5-18, 2017-03-31

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One part of the research investigates the epidemiological aspect, and the other the sociological aspect. As a result of this research, we would like to find out what is or are the critical conditions for building "pet-friendly communities"Recently, as smaller dogs have increased in popularity, the tendency for dogs to be kept indoors has also increased, thus leading to closer contact between pets and their owners. As a result, diseases exchanged between dogs and their owners have been more frequently observed.While the spread of dental caries (tooth decay) between dogs and owners does not occur, it is possible that periodontal diseases (gum diseases) could be spread between them. Our study focuses on the bacteria "Campylobacter rectus", a cause of periodontal disease, and aims to identify this bacteria in dogs and their owners by conducting a DNA level analysis.

著者

千葉 明 加藤 なつ紀 伊藤 哲郎 土屋 亮

出版者

麻布大学

雑誌

麻布大学雑誌 = Journal of Azabu University (ISSN:13465880)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.59, 2015-03-20

著者

田中 智夫 太田 光明 植竹 勝治 江口 祐輔 タナカ トシオ オオタ ミツアキ ウエタケ カツジ エグチ ユウスケ Toshio Tanaka Mitsuaki Ota Katsuji Uetake Yusuke Eguchi

雑誌

麻布大学雑誌 = Journal of Azabu University

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11/12, pp.126-129, 2005 (Released:2012-09-12)

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動物介在療法AATや動物介在活動AAAにに参加するイヌには,何らかのストレスが負荷されていることが知られていることから,本研究では,AAAにおける活動形態の違い及び活動経験に伴う慣れと,イヌのストレスとの関係について調査することを目的としたが,初年度はまず1つの施設において,慣れについて検討した。都内の特別養護老人ホームで活動するボランティア団体を調査対象とし,1年間にわたり毎月1回の活動時におけるイヌの行動と,活動前後の尿中カテコールアミン濃度を測定した。その結果,A及びNAの活動前後の濃度差は,活動回数を重ねるごとに直線的に有意に減少し,介在活動に参加するイヌは,活動への参加初期には少なからずストレスを感じていることがうかがわれた。また,介在活動に参加するイヌのストレスは,ヒトとの直接的な触れ合いというよりは,高齢者施設などの新奇刺激のほうが大きく影響しており,ハンドラーによる日常と異なる場面での行動・姿勢の制御も大きく関わってきていることが示唆された。2年目には,活動形態の異なる施設(高齢者が円状に位置し,その中を活動スペースとする「イヌが囲まれる」方法と,高齢者が向かい合って2列に並び,その間を活動スペースとする「イヌが囲まれない」方法)において,同様の活動を行うボランティア団体を調査対象として,原則として1年間毎月1回の調査を行った。いずれの施設においても,供試犬の尿中カテコールアミン濃度は,活動日の朝に比べて活動後に有意に上昇した。しかし,活動形態の違いによる差は認められず,高齢者の並び方といった要因は,「触れられる」,「行動を制御される」などの負荷がかけられる中では,大きな影響は認められなかった。各行動形の生起頻度や時間にも,活動形態による違いは認められなかった。なお,イヌの体格によって,ふれあい活動の内容や状況が異なることから,今後,犬種や活動内容とストレス強度との関係についても検討が必要であろう。 Stress states of dogs under an animal-assisted activity (AAA) in a nursing home were assessed by observing the dogs' behavior and urinary catecholamine concentration. In the first year, data collection was done every month in order to study the effects of habituation to AAA on the stress level changes of dogs. The results showed that even the dogs with AAA experience might feel some degree of psychological stress during AAA especially in the novel environment. Behavior of dogs was not affected by the AAA experience. In the second year, the similar program was conducted in the other three nursing homes, and the effects of contents of AAA were studied. In the two homes, the elder people sat in a circle around the dogs and their owners (C). In another home, the elder people sat in a double rank (R). Twenty-four dogs aged 2.3-7.7 years were used in total. Urine was gathered on the previous day of AAA (T1), in the morning of AAA (T2) and just after AAA (T3). Catecholamine concentrations of T1 and T2 urine were significantly different (p<0.01). Therefore, T2 urine was used as a baseline, and the difference of catecholamine concentrations between T2 and T3 urine was compared between C and R. Adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA) concentrations of T3 urine were significantly higher than those of T2 urine in both C and R conditions (all : p<0.05). Dopamine concentrations of T3 and T2 urine were almost the same. These results showed that the dogs might feel some degree of psychological stress during AAA program. But the contents of AAA especially the position of elder people did not affect the stress level of the dogs.

著者

菊水 健史

雑誌

麻布大学雑誌 = Journal of Azabu University

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15/16, pp.57, 2007

著者

高槻 成紀 宇根 有美

出版者

麻布大学

雑誌

麻布大学雑誌 = Journal of Azabu University (ISSN:13465880)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21/22, pp.117-122, 2011-03-31

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An exhibition entitled as “Hands and legs of mammals: the morphology and variations” was held at Azabu University from June to September, 2010. Bones were chosen from many specimens preserved at the specimen store at Azabu University. At the introduction corner, a cat specimen was exhibited in order to explain the principle of mammal body morphology. At the “hindleg corner”, hindlegs of six terrestrial mammals were exhibited. The visitors could compare the “lifting heels” and simplification of the legs in “running” mammals. At the “foreleg corner”, forelegs of a dolphin and a Japanese macaque, whole body of a bat, a flying squirrel, and a mole were exhibited. This corner showed how the mammal forelegs are modified according to the differences in life styles of the animals. At the “femur corner”, femurs of six species of terrestrial mammals were exhibited. This corner told the femurs of larger mammals are more robust than those of smaller mammals, which is explained by physical reasons. At the last corner, forelegs of a giraffe, an elephant, and a horse were exhibited to emphasize the differences of the size and shape as “long”, “gigantic”, and “simple” bones. All the specimens were arranged on boards of deep blue backgrounds which are contrastive to whitish bones, and Chinese kanji letters to symbolize the functions of the bones were laid out.

著者

加藤 行男 村上 賢 カトウ ユキオ ムラカミ マサル Yukio Kato Masaru Murakami Tomomitsu Alexandre Okatani

雑誌

麻布大学雑誌 = Journal of Azabu University

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11/12, pp.180-183, 2005 (Released:2012-09-12)

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野生の爬虫類252検体および愛玩用として一般家庭で飼育されている爬虫類(愛玩用爬虫類)39検体からSalmonellaを分離し,種および亜種の同定,血清型別を行った。野生の爬虫類252検体中29検体(11.5%),愛玩用爬虫類39検体中22検体(55.6%)からSalmonellaが検出された。分離されたSalmonellaの亜種は,亜種Iが最も多かった。分離されたSalmonellaの亜種Iの血清型は,S. Litchfield,S. Thompson,S. Newportなど9血清型に分類された。以上のことより,爬虫類はSalmonellaを高率に保有し,分離された株の中には日本においても胃腸炎患者から分離される血清型もあり,爬虫類がヒトのSalmonella感染症の感染源となりうることが示唆された。 A total of 291 fecal samples from 252 wild reptiles and 39 pet reptiles were examined for the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in Japan. Salmonella spp. were isolated from 29 (11.5%) of 252 wild reptiles and 22 (55.6%) of 39 pet reptiles. The isolates were identified into subspecies I to IV. The majority of isolates (43.6%) belonged to subspecies I and these isolates could be identified into 9 serovars. The serovars isolated were found to be S. Newport, S. Litchifield and S. Thompson which cause human salmonellosis. These results indicated that reptiles may be a potential infectious source of human salmonellosis in Japan.