著者

白木 公康

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臓器保存生物医学会

雑誌

Organ Biology (ISSN:13405152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.18-30, 2021 (Released:2021-02-10)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1

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Avigan (favipiravir) has been developed as an anti-influenza drug and is attracting attention as an anti-COVID-19 drug, because Avigan has exhibited therapeutic efficacy against new coronavirus (COVID-19) infections. This article reviews the development of Avigan as an anti-influenza drug, its mode of action as an anti-RNA-dependent RNA polymerase drug, toxicity to embryogenesis and teratogenicity, and its activity to COVID-19. The epidemic of the new coronavirus infection began, and masks, hand washing, and self-restraint were continued to prevent it. As a result, infection control measures have had the effect of reducing the epidemics of various infectious diseases except for some. This seems to be important information for implementing transplantation medicine.

著者

岩井 聡美

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臓器保存生物医学会

雑誌

Organ Biology (ISSN:13405152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.109-112, 2012-07-10 (Released:2014-11-26)

参考文献数

11

著者

木須 伊織

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臓器保存生物医学会

雑誌

Organ Biology (ISSN:13405152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.35-40, 2018 (Released:2018-03-14)

参考文献数

13

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Uterus transplantation (UTx) has become an alternative to gestational surrogacy and adoption for women with uterine factor infertility. Brännström et al. achieved the first human delivery after UTx in 2014 and to date a total of 8 babies have been born after UTx from living donors. This outcome attracted much attention worldwide and many countries have recently prepared for UTx. However, this procedure has many medical, ethical and social issues that require discussion prior to clinical application. Moreover, UTx is still in the experimental stage overseas and the safety and efficacy remain unclear despite several clinical applications. Despite the many issues to be resolved, this new organ transplantation technology will provide new hope for women with uterine factor infertility and further development of the technology is important for future reproductive and transplant medicine.

著者

山田 陽城

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臓器保存生物医学会

雑誌

Organ Biology (ISSN:13405152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.56-70, 2018 (Released:2018-03-14)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

1

---

Nature is a very important resource for not only new drug discovery but also application of traditional medicines. Kampo (Japanese traditional) medicines have been used as the traditional formula in which multi-active ingredients may attack multiple target sites to recover complicated symptoms caused by disturbance of the body systems such as immune, neural and endocrine systems. Therefore, their multilateral actions are suitable to treat multifactorial diseases. Kampo medicines are using for the treatment depending on the patient’s clinical situation, either separately or to complement modern western medicine in Japan. Present review describes the concept and characterization of Kampo medicines, and introduces our pharmacological studies of Kampo medicines to clarify their action mechanism and active ingredients. The results may contribute for more evidence-based clinical applications of Kampo medicines.

著者

佐野 元昭

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臓器保存生物医学会

雑誌

Organ Biology (ISSN:13405152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.117-120, 2016 (Released:2016-08-31)

参考文献数

6

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Early application of therapeutic hypothermia, rapid achievement of target cooling temperature were key factors for improving survival and neurological outcomes. In the present situation, targeted Temperature Management (TTM) is applied to only a minority of post-cardiac arrest patients. We have been looking forward to seeing widely applicable therapeutic approaches. We previously demonstrated that both inhalation of 2% hydrogen gas and TTM (33°C), starting at the beginning of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and given for 2 hours after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), yielded comparable improvement in survival and neurological deficit after ROSC in a rat model of cardiac arrest. However, in a clinical setting, hypothermia is applied after ROSC. We have confirmed that the benefit of hydrogen inhalation is similar when begun after ROSC.We would like to emphases a salutary effect of hydrogen gas inhalation on the neurological outcome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation independently of TTM in rats. Inhalation hydrogen gas therapy, either alone or in the combined with TTM, could represent a promising strategy to improve brain resuscitation for post cardiac arrest patients in the near future.

著者

若杉 安希乃

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臓器保存生物医学会

雑誌

Organ Biology (ISSN:13405152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.46-52, 2016 (Released:2016-06-22)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1

---

Of 627 physicians targeted by Japan Kampo Medicines Manufacturers Association (JKMA) as part of “Factual Investigation on Prescription of Kampo Medicines 2011,” 89% prescribed Kampo medicines on a daily basis. The department that ranked the highest in prescribing Kampo medicines was Obstetrics and Gynecology (97%), followed by Internal Medicine (96%), Surgery (95%), Neuropsychiatry (92%), and Orthopedics (90%). Thus, the majority of the departments ranked high (above 90%). However, the results of a questionnaire survey administered by Nikkei TRENDY to 1000 doctors asking, “Will you take Kampo medicines when you fall sick?” 31% of them take Kampo medicine positively, 39% - not basically, and17%- not at all. That is, majority of the doctors answered, “No, I do not take Kampo medicines.” The reasons were “poor evidence” and “ambiguous diagnoses.” Although Kampo is a traditional Japanese medicine, it is not completely appreciated owing to negative impressions such as “poor evidence”, “unscientific”, and so on. On the other hand, manufacturers often promote health foods or cosmetics, taking advantage of their positive impression such as “less side effects”, “mild effects”, and so on. In this review, the outline the details of Kampo medicine and highlight the accumulated evidence concerning Kampo in an attempt to clearing the misunderstanding about Kampo. It is required that doctors and pharmacists promote high-quality clinical practice and research by adopting a viewpoint on Kampo medicine to uphold this traditional medicine.

著者

中村 知夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臓器保存生物医学会

雑誌

Organ Biology (ISSN:13405152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.21-30, 2019 (Released:2020-03-01)

参考文献数

20

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急性期治療の後に, 医療ケアーや, 医療機器を必要とする子どもが増加している. これらの子どもたちは, 初期そして専門医療やその他の保育, 教育, 福祉, 社会サービスを利用することは容易ではない. そのために, これらの子どもたちは今まで病院や施設のみに存在すると考えられていた. しかし, 今まで高齢者が主に利用していた在宅医療を子どもたちが利用できるようになってきている. 近い将来, これらの医療的ケア児も, 地域包括ケアシステムや地域共生社会の恩恵を受けることができることが期待されている.

著者

大見 和宏

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臓器保存生物医学会

雑誌

Organ Biology (ISSN:13405152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.36-44, 2013-01-30 (Released:2014-11-26)

参考文献数

33

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The blood brain barrier has important roles for physiological and pathological state in the brain. The molecules involved in barrier function have been identified. Now we can analyze these molecules by genomics and proteomics methods. The blood brain barrier is also called neurovascular unit which is composed of brain capillary endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, neurons and microglia. They closely interacted with each other for the development and maintenance of blood brain barrier functions. In this review I will summarize some basic concepts and recent new findings about blood brain barrier:structure and function, neurological diseases, proteomics method, in vitro experimental system, and enzyme replacement therapy for lysosomal storage diseases/mucopolysaccharidosis.

著者

本間 真人 平野 俊彦 湯沢 賢治 大河内 信弘 剣持 敬

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臓器保存生物医学会

雑誌

Organ Biology (ISSN:13405152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.76-80, 2017 (Released:2017-03-31)

参考文献数

7

---

Questionnaire survey concerning practical use of generic immunosuppressive agents and the European Society for Organ Transplantation (ESOT) guideline was conducted in 130 clinical institutions including transplant hospitals where the members of The Japan Society for Organ Preservation and Biology were working. Forty five institutions answered the questionnaire survey (the recovery rate: 34.6%). Use of generic immunosuppressive agents in the institutions has been different among the agents; tacrolimus (6.7%), cyclosporin (8.9%) and mycophenorate mofetil (8.9%) and corticosteroid injection (51.1%). The results indicated that use of generic immunosuppressive agents, especially in the agents that require therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for dose adjustment, have not been spread in Japan. The most of the institutions (greater than 62%) agreed with the ESOT guideline for generic substitution of immunosuppressive agents. It is considered that the Japanese guideline is also required to prepare according to ESOT guideline, though the use of generic products have not been popular yet Japan.

著者

剣持 敬 伊藤 泰平 星長 清隆

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臓器保存生物医学会

雑誌

Organ Biology (ISSN:13405152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.159-164, 2013-07-10 (Released:2014-11-26)

参考文献数

3

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The organ procurement team must evaluate whether the organs such as liver, small intestine, pancreas, kidney can be procured or not by the donor conditions, past history, present illness, blood chemistry and ultrasonography. Before donor operation, multiorgan procurement teams should discuss about the order of organ procurement, crossclamp, blood drainage, perfusion technique and the division of the vessels. Donation of the abdominal organs from brain-dead donor is performed with the procedure of multiorgan donation technique. In the abdominal organs, small intestine is first extracted followed by the extraction of the liver and pancreas separately or en bloc. When the liver is solitary procured, en bloc procurement of pancreas and kidneys is popular in Japan. In the back table, the pancreas was isolated from the kidney grafts followed by the separation of both kidney grafts. Both kidneys are divided by the division of the aorta, the vena cava and the connective tissues. The kidney grafts are perfused with UW solution before packing on ice.

著者

半田 宏 伊藤 拓水 安藤 秀樹

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臓器保存生物医学会

雑誌

Organ Biology (ISSN:13405152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.134-140, 2014-07-10 (Released:2014-11-10)

参考文献数

9

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Half a century ago, the sedative thalidomide caused one of the worst notorious drug disasters in history, with more than 10,000 babies born with deformities. The drug is now used in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Recently new thalidomide derivatives called immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) have been developed. Among them, lenalidomide and pomalidomide have excellent anti-cancer activity. However, the use of them is limited due to its potent teratogenic activity. The mechanism by which IMiDs including thalidomide induce birth defects and therapeutic effects was a long-standing question. Using an affinity beads technology we originally developed, we have identified cereblon(CRBN)as a primary target of IMiDs. CRBN forms an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. IMiDs alter the activity and induce various biological effects such as teratogenicity, anti-cancer and immunomodulation.Understanding IMiDs and CRBN may lead to uncover new therapeutic pathways for overcoming refractory cancer diseases.

著者

髙橋 公太

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臓器保存生物医学会

雑誌

Organ Biology (ISSN:13405152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.90-106, 2022 (Released:2022-08-08)

参考文献数

36

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In this 21st century, when science has advanced and democracy has permeated, there are untrustful natural and man-made disasters for us human beings. One of them is the pandemic of COVID-19, and the other is the invasion of Ukraine by force that does not have justice of Russia. What is common as a solution to these two events is that the International Organizations that control them have become ruins and their functions cannot be fully demonstrated.The period background is similar to the period before the outbreak of World War I and II. If the worst happens, it will be World War III, and if it becomes a nuclear war, humanity will be ruined. It is the wisdom of humanity that can solve these problems.This time, I would like to consider COVID-19, which affects about 500 million people worldwide as of April 2022, of which about 6 million people die.About two years have passed since the COVID-19 pandemic began. Exposed to the ideological conflict between democracy and tyranny, the globalization of large corporations beyond national frameworks, economic disparities, the structural complex problems of society and the wave of commercialization, COVID-19 pandemics that began with natural disasters are replacing man-made disasters.During this time, there has been little progress other than the development of vaccines. And its basic policy is no different from the extension of Albert Camus’s “La Peste” lockdown policy in 1947. Under such a passive policy, Japan’s economy will stall and be removed from the framework of the seven developed countries. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to quickly switch to a simple active policy.

著者

田上 辰秋 尾関 哲也

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臓器保存生物医学会

雑誌

Organ Biology (ISSN:13405152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.54-60, 2017 (Released:2017-03-31)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

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Drug delivery systems (DDS) which deal with nanoparticles or micro-particles have been extensively developing to meet the needs of patients. In this review, we introduced various kinds of drug carriers. Liposome is a phospholipid-based biocompatible nanocarrier which is one of well-studied for several decades. Liposomes can encapsulate the drugs with narrow therapeutics window to prevent the severe side effects. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-loaded liposomes can prolong the blood circulation time and shows passive accumulation into tumor tissue (Passive targeting), which is called as enhanced permeability and retention effect. Specific ligand-conjugated liposomes have the ability to make the liposomes home the target cells and tissues (Active targeting). Specific stimuli-responsive liposomes can be used to control the drug release to target site by the stimulation as trigger (Triggered release). In addition, the characteristics of other nanoparticles including albumin-based nanoparticles, micelles, dendrimer, emulsions, metal nanoparticles and polymer particles were introduced. Current progress of DDS technology would result in the emergence of new nano- and micro carriers with different platforms. The information about functional nanoparticles and microparticles will be useful for the medical staffs to understand the current and future particle-based medicine.

著者

山田 和彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臓器保存生物医学会

雑誌

Organ Biology (ISSN:13405152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.59-70, 2011-06-10 (Released:2014-11-26)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1

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The shortage of donors for organ transplantation continues to be a health care crisis. Recently the techniques for reprogramming of adult cells by gene transduction to produce pluriopotent stem cells (iPS) have increased interest in the possibility of tissue regeneration with minimal ethical issues.However, there is no report demonstrating normal functional capacity of solid organs utilizing either reprogramming or regenerative technology. Thus, these technologies will need much further development to reach a preclinical stage for solid organ replacement. Therefore, I believe that donor organs from other species,?xenotransplantation?remains at the forefront of the search for a solution to the organ shortage.Overcoming both antibody-mediated and cellular-mediated immunity are of particular importance to the success of xenotransplantation. The pig is generally considered the most suitable donor species for xenotransplantation. The major obstacle preventing the successful transplantation of porcine organs into primates was the existence of natural antibodies against a terminal saccharide epitope, galactose-a1,3-galactose(Gal), produced by a1,3-galactosyltransferase(GalT). Recently, we have eliminated this barrier through our new breed of a-1,3-galactosyltransferase knockoutWhile GalT-KOgrafts did not undergo hyperacute rejection, additional strategies are required to overcome xenogeneic cellular rejection. Although titration of immunosuppressive drugs is generally manageable for allotransplantation, the amount of suppression required to avoid rejection of xenografts may lead to unacceptable level of susceptibility to infection. Thus, we have studied strategies to induce tolerance to xenogeneic organs. I have developed the innovative strategy to induce transplant tolerance by transplanting?vascularized donor thymus?. We have reported that cotransplantation of porcine thymus tissue as a vascularized graft can induce tolerance across full allogeneic barriers to kidneys and hearts in a miniature swine model. Using GalT-KOdonors, which eliminate humoral rejection by anti-Gal antibodies, a survival advantage was conferred by the vascularized porcine thymus graft, resulting in life-supporting renal xenograft survivals greater than80 days with normal creatinine levels in baboons which is the world longest-survival record of lifesupporting organs in pig-to-baboon models.More recently, I have started xenotransplantation projects, GalT-KOkidney, lung, and islets in Japan. I have developed a new strategy with hepatocyte growth factor(HGF), aimed at prolonging xenogeneic islet survival. Preliminary data in this pig to non-human primate model demonstrate euglycemia up to 2 months following porcine islet transplantation in an IDDM monkey.

著者

山田 全毅

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臓器保存生物医学会

雑誌

Organ Biology (ISSN:13405152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.31-36, 2021 (Released:2021-02-10)

参考文献数

13

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Since the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been remarkable advances in diagnosis. Initially, the indication for diagnostic tests was strictly controlled by the government. Currently, however, various tests, from point-of-care testing to rapid PCR, are available for many clinics and hospitals. At the same time, the interpretation of test results became harder due to the existence of different types of testing as well as different qualities in the same type of testing. This review aims to overview the available test types and understand the basics of these tests to interpret the test results appropriately, especially in transplant recipients.

著者

絵野沢 伸

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臓器保存生物医学会

雑誌

Organ Biology (ISSN:13405152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.74-75, 2016 (Released:2016-06-22)

著者

竹内 朋代 野口 雅之 川上 康 大河内 信弘

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臓器保存生物医学会

雑誌

Organ Biology (ISSN:13405152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.21-28, 2016 (Released:2016-06-22)

参考文献数

9

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Biobank is the facility for preserving and providing biospecimens such as human cells, tissues and blood with their clinical data. Every year the establishment biobank has increased all over the world. The human biospecimens are rarely provided for researchers who want to use them for life-science research in Japan; the preservation is done well, though. Recently the ethical guidelines for life-science research using of human biospecimens have been amended. Through this revision, researchers can be easy to use these human biospecimens than before. It is expected this will provide the chances to progress life-science research. The next step of banking the human biospecimens is to examine the quality of the samples and to prepare the standard operating procedure. It is also extremely expected that biobank will be the basis for research toward the highly advanced medical technology.

著者

竹内 裕紀

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臓器保存生物医学会

雑誌

Organ Biology (ISSN:13405152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.163-168, 2018 (Released:2018-07-24)

著者

許 懷哲 絵野沢 伸 小林 英司

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臓器保存生物医学会

雑誌

Organ Biology (ISSN:13405152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.35-41, 2019 (Released:2019-03-29)

参考文献数

26

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近年,再生医療や医療機器開発の分野で,ブタを用いた研究報告の数が増している.背景として,臨床を再現できるサイズメリット,実験向けに育種されたミニブタ,マイクロミニブタといった小型ブタが比較的容易に入手できるようになったこと,そして遺伝子改変ブタの開発がある.また,愛玩動物として古い歴史のあるイヌを実験にあまり用いなくなったことも大きい.研究報告が増すことによって,基盤的な情報やプロトコールが蓄積され,今後,ますます大型実験動物としてのブタの使用が増えることが予想される.本稿では,これまでの報告から,ブタを用いた臓器・組織移植実験における免疫抑制法を紹介する.基本的には,cyclosporine あるいはtacrolimsと,mycophenolate mofetilの2剤併用が多く,一部ではさらにステロイドも投与している.また,胸腺摘出の有効性も報告されている.これらの方法により,同種移植だけでなく,ヒト組織・細胞を含む,異種移植実験も続々と報告されるようになった.

著者

高橋 公太

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臓器保存生物医学会

雑誌

Organ Biology (ISSN:13405152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.2, pp.124-126, 2023 (Released:2023-09-01)

参考文献数

2