著者

藤元 薫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

燃料協会誌 (ISSN:03693775)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.1, pp.2-12, 1987-01-20 (Released:2011-02-23)

参考文献数

10

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A synthetic fuel plant which was built at Motunui (North Island, New Zealand) has began the commercial operation on March 1986 . The plant which has been constructed and operated by NZSFC (New Zealand Synthetic Fuels Corporation), produces 570, 000 tons of gasoline a year from 1 billion cubic meter of natural gas.The process for producing gasoline from natural gas is as follows:1. Natural gas is introduced with a pipe line from Maui which is one of the world largest off-shore gas field.2. The natural gas is converted to methanol with two trains of conventional ICI methanol syn thesis process.3. Crude methanol from the methanol plants is converted to gasoline with MTG (Methanol to Gasoline) process.The MTG process, which is developed by Mobil Oil Corporation (USA), convert methanol to hydrocarbon mixture composed of the aromatic-rich hydrocarbon mixture at around 400°C and under pressure, using a special zeolite (ZSM-5) developed by Mobil Corporation . The process gives gasoline (97 RON) with about 85% selectivity accompanied by small amount of LPG (Liquified petroleum Gas). The product gasoline is supplied to other petroleum refinery as a gasoline base oil.The conversion efficiency (energy base) of natural gas to synthetic fuel is estimated to be 56% (gasoline plus LPG) or 50% (gasoline only). The construction cost of the plant is estimated to be US $ 1, 218 million (on July 1985). The production cost of gasoline will be 56 (NZ¢/l) 2 in 1987 and 20 NZ¢/ l in 2000 .The operation of the huge synthetic fuel plant will result in the self supply level of the trans portation fuels as high as 54% in 1987 and also result in the crude oil import of 1, 640 thousand tons which is only 38% of that in 1973.

著者

和氣 美紀夫 千葉 正毅 柳澤 貴司 ロンペル・ライン ロイ・コーンブル

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

日本エネルギー学会大会講演要旨集 (ISSN:24238317)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.242-243, 2009

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Electroactive Polymer Artificial Muscle has two operating modes: an actuator mode and a generator mode. The actuator mode uses planar deformation of elastomers resulting from the combination of an electrostatic attractive force between electrodes on each side of the film, and a repulsive force within each electrodes, both being generated by a voltage difference applied between the two electrodes. The EPAM generator mode uses the reverse process of the actuator mode, storing the increase in electrostatic energy originating from the deformation of EPAM by an external force. Because the energy for each cycle of deformation does not strongly depend on deformation speed or frequency, a generator working under this phenomenon can harvest energy from a variety of low-frequency natural sources, such as the up and down movement of waves, the gentle movement of rivers, and the movement of human beings and animals. The movement of vehicles and buildings may also be used to generate energy.

著者

飯田 弘文

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

燃料協会誌 (ISSN:03693775)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.9, pp.644-651, 1963-09-20 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

11

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The auther have investigated the influence of the initial mixture tempe-rature on the burning velocities of Town Gas, Methane, Propane and Butane-Air Mixtures.The result showed that the maximum burning velocities of these fuel gas, (Sb) max.(cm./sec.) are proportional to the 1.5-1.7 th power of the absolute initial mixture tempearture Ti°K.i.e.(Sb) max=aTi1.5-1.5.Therfore, where high-speed combustion is requrired, an apreciable gain in rate of heat production J (kcal/mm2.sec.) can be had by increasing the initial mixture temper-ature.For instance, In the case of Town Gas, if the lenght of the inner cone of the flame are constant, Jmax for the initial mixture temperature of 373°K, 473°K and 573°K are respectively 1.4, 2.1 and 3.1 times larger than that for the room temperature.

著者

鈴木 孝弘 田辺 和俊

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

日エネ誌 (ISSN:09168753)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.95, no.12, pp.1125-1132, 2016

被引用文献数

2

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<p>人間活動にともなう地球の持続可能性を評価する指標の1つに,エコロジカル・フットプリント(EF)がある。本研究では,47都道府県のエネルギーと資源の消費データ基づき,グローバル・フットプリント・ネットワーク(GFN)が算出した2010年の日本のEF値を各都道府県に割り当てることを試みた。都道府県のEFは,世界自然保護基金(WWF)の定義によるカーボン・フットプリント,耕作地,牧草地,漁場,森林地,生産能力阻害地の6つのカテゴリーに分けて計算した。その結果,鉄鋼や石油化学などの重化学工業の立地県(山口,大分,岡山,広島,和歌山など)がEF値で上位5県を占めるが,これらの県は都道府県別の総環境負荷量(EF×都道府県人口)でみると,人口規模が大きくないため9位以下になり,東京,神奈川,愛知,大阪などの大都市圏が上位を占めた。さらに,他地域での都市活動等が影響する産業によるエネルギー消費(CO₂排出量)を47 都道府県の平均値を用いてEFを再評価した。そのEF値でみると,都道府県間の相違は減少したが,民生からのCO₂排出量が多い北海道・東北地方,東京,中国地方,沖縄等のEF値が全国平均より高い傾向が認められた。その各都道府県のEF 値に都道府県人口を乗じて求めた総環境負荷量では,東京,神奈川,大阪,愛知,埼玉,北海道,千葉を初めとする人口規模の大きな都道府県で総環境負荷量が多いことを明らかにできた。</p>

著者

山本 健一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

燃料協会誌 (ISSN:03693775)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.6, pp.449-457, 1965-06-20 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

5

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In these days when it seems as if the steam engine of the 19 th century and the reciprocating type internal combustion engine have been developed to their peaks in all aspects, development of revolutionary engines based on principles entirely different from those of the conventional engines are being carried out actively?-aiming at an engine to be handed over to the next century.The following is a description of the NSU-Wankel rotary piston engine, which is said to be taking the lead in the development for industrialization among the various types of rotary piston engines, outlining the progress of development, principle, structure, and function of this distinctive engine.

著者

田野 辺親人

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

燃料協会誌 (ISSN:03693775)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.4, pp.213-223, 1957-05-20 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

4

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内燃機関潤滑油の優劣の判定は究極的には実車による評価にまたねばならないが, その前段階として実験室的に篩分け評価を行うことが, 手間および経費を省くために必要である。その篩分け試験として純実験室的なIndiana Stirring試験法, Sohio試験法, Sand Cbro-matograph試験法があり, また試験エンジンによるものとしては, ローソンエンジン試験が慣用されている。筆者は前記種実験室評価法とローソンエンジン試験との相関について研究し相当によし相関性を認め, さらに国鉄各地方における各種実車による試験結果とも比較して, それらの間の関連について検討した。純実験室酌評価法と実用試験の結果の間には明確な関係があるとはいえないようで, またローソンエンジン試験はregular油とHeavy duty油の差はつかみうるが, 同一級のものの判定は困難で統一した試験法の確立がのぞまれる。

著者

種田 徹郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

燃料協会誌 (ISSN:03693775)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.10-12, pp.107-111, 1947-06-20 (Released:2010-06-28)

著者

中野 諭 鷲津 明由

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

日エネ学会大会要旨集 (ISSN:24238317)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.160-161, 2017

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<p>The objective of this study is to analyze, from a comprehensive perspective, the economic and environmental effects induced by constructing and operating hydrogen utilization systems presented by METI's roadmap. We focused on a marine transport system for hydrogen produced offshore, hydrogen gas turbine power generation, fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) and hydrogen stations, as well as residential fuel cell systems (RFCs). In this study, using an Input-Output Table for Next Generation Energy Systems (IONGES) with newly established renewable energies and hydrogen-related sectors, we evaluated the induced output, labor and CO₂ from construction and operation of these hydrogen technologies using a uniform approach. Initial investments in facilities based in foreign countries that produce hydrogen, transport it through organic hydride, and supply it to a power station of 1 GW capacity yield an induced production of 2.7 times. This investment can exploit a new opportunity for the utilization of unused renewable energy sources that are abundantly available in foreign countries and reduce significant CO₂ emissions. Additional investments in domestic hydrogen supply systems, FCVs, and RFCs yield an induced production of 2.6 times each. From a comprehensive point of view, the construction of a hydrogen utilization system may result in cost and CO₂ reductions.</p>

著者

西村 弘行

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

燃料協会誌 (ISSN:03693775)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.3, pp.171-181, 1980-03-20 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

9

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As a result of decreasing supplies of f ossil hydrocarbons it has become recessary to reexamine other sources of raw materials f or possible conversion into hydro-carbons. In connection with the utilization of solar energy for renewable resources, the auther has been concerned with the lipid analysis of photosynthesizing plants such as rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), some dif ferent species of Euphorbia and other latex-bearing plants which grow naturally in tropical and temperate regions. The results have indicated that Euphorbia plants, e. g. E. tirucalli and E. lathyris contain a large amount of lipids such as triglycerides and steroidal triterpenes (about 1 to 2%w/w of the fresh plant). However, since Euphorbia plants have co-carcinogenic and toxic substances, e. g. diterpene esters, the industrial production of these oil might give rise to environmental problems such as air pollution.It is well known that Eucalyptus plants (some 600 species) also produce amount terpeoidal hydrocarbons. The most fascinating Eucalyptus plants which contain a large of oils have been explored. As the result, E. radiata, which is one of good canditotal. dates was discovered in Australia. It consists of 4.2% volatile and 4.5% non-volatile in total. Namely, about 95l or 8.7% (w/w) of ether-acetone soluble oil is gotten from one ton of the fresh juvenile E. radiata. The utilization of residue which contains cellulose and lignins is also very important. The microbiological biomass conversion of the Eucalyptus residue should be studied.

著者

松野 泰也 稲葉 敦 BETZ Michael SCHUCKERT Manfred

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

日本エネルギー学会誌

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.12, pp.1162-1176, 1998

被引用文献数

5

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Since most industrial products consume electricity during their life cycle, the results of inventory analyses are usually sensitive to the data of electricity. In Japan, electricity is supplied by 10 electric companies that have their own regions to supply electricity. Constitution of power stations differs with each electric company. Thus, resources consumption and emissions per kWh of electricity are different with each electric company. It is, therefore, necessary to develop the inventories for electricity grid mix of each electric company for LCA practitioners in Japan. In this work, life cycle inventories for electricity gird mix of 10 electric companies in Japan have been developed.<BR>It was found that average CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions related to 1 kWh of electricity distributed by electric companies were 0.45 kg-CO<SUB>2</SUB>/kWh, whereas average SO<SUB>2</SUB> and NOx emissions were 0.51 g/kWh and 0.47 g/kWh, respectively. Relative contribution of fuel production and fuel transport to CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions was 4-12 % of total emissions. On the other hand, relative contribution of fuel production and fuel transport to SO<SUB>2</SUB> and NOx emissions was around 50 %. Average values of CO, CH<SUB>4</SUB>, NMHC and dust emissions were 1.3&times;10<SUP>-4</SUP> kg/kWh, 1.3&times;10<SUP>-3</SUP> kg/kWh, 3.3&times;10<SUP>-4</SUP> kg/kWh and 2.4&times;10<SUP>-5</SUP> kg/kWh, respectively. Heavy metal emissions into air were also investigated.

著者

松橋 隆治 石谷 久 菅 幹雄 吉岡 完治

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.12, pp.1184-1192, 1998-12-20 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1 2

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Life cycle assessment (LCA) is expected to be a useful measure for us to evaluate environmental impacts associated with products or processes, so that we could improve our production systems for sustainable development. For this purpose, we have developed a novel mathematical tool called Process-relational Model. In the model, we have improved the principle of input-output analysis so as to include joint production. This improvement has enabled us to overcome difficulties of LCA in retracing complicated repercussions among production systems and in allocating environmental emissions among multiple products.Then life cycle CO2 emissions of electric and gasoline vehicles have been estimated with this model. We have shown that production and driving of electric vehicles cause less CO2 emissions than those of gasoline vehicles. Our analysis has also indicated that the difference detween electric and gasoline vehicles dramatically changes depending on traffic situation. Namely the difference becomes larger, as average velocity of vehicles becomes lower. Concerning electric vehicles, we have compared CO2 emissions caused by production with those caused by driving. The share of production has increased, as average velocity becomes higher.In conclusion, we have clarified directions of research and development of electric and gasoline vehicles for sustainable energy system.

著者

川名 善男

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

燃料協会誌 (ISSN:03693775)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.9, pp.697, 1971-09-20 (Released:2010-06-28)

著者

村田 浩

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

燃料協会誌 (ISSN:03693775)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.73-82, 1974-02-20 (Released:2010-06-28)

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Energy crisis has been the most vital problem for all over the world. Atomic energy is expected to be one of the most hopeful solutions for the present energy crisis.This article describes the features of atomic energy and includes world history and present status of 1) power reactors which are light water reactor, gas cooled reactor, heavy water reactor and fast breeder reactor. 2) commercial nuclear power plants of which 124 power plants are in operation as of the end of 1972. 3) multipurpose uses of atomic energy which contains some examples such as atomic energy uses to chemical process heat, breeding of fishes and prawn, district heating, desalination, steel making and hydrogen energy utilizing system. 4) controlled thermonuclear fusion which is expected to be an ultimate energy source for mankind. 5) future trend of the development of atomic energy ; the way to the controlled thermo nuclear fusion reactor.

著者

松尾 翔平 井川 大輔 宮本 幸典 齋藤 泰洋 松下 洋介 青木 秀之 野村 誠治 林崎 秀幸 宮下 重人

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

石炭科学会議発表論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.14-15, 2014

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The fracture analyses for coke models reproducing the form of the non-adhesion grain boundaries were performed using the rigid bodies-spring model. The coke model was developed by the random arrangement of the coal particle polygons and expansion of the polygons based on experimental results. As a result, many springs at the gap or edge of the non-adhesion grain boundaries were fractured, and the arrangement and shape of the non-adhesion grain boundaries were supposed to affect the fracture of the coke. Furthermore, the coke with the larger blending ratio of the low-quality coal fractures with the weaker strength. This is because the number of the non-adhesion grain boundaries increases, and the size of the boundaries becomes larger and the shape of the boundaries becomes complex.

著者

木曽 文彦 石賀 琢也 吉井 泰雄 服部 隼人

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

石炭科学会議発表論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, pp.28-29, 2015

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The need for power to gas system is increasing according to the increase of power generation by renewable energy. Heat and mass balance of the coal gasification methane production system was analyzed aiming to integrate with the power to gas system which utilizes methane as a storage medium. The system converts 500 ton/day of coal to 141 ton/day of methane and conversion efficiency is 64.9% in calorie basis. Suppose surplus electricity is 10 MW, 7.8% of coal and 12.9% of oxygen can be saved by the integration. Surplus water recovered from the outlet of shift reactor and water generated with methane at the methanation reactor is recycled to the gasifier outlet to increase H_2O/CO ratio of syngas. This direct quench method contributes to reduce the plant cost because water can be recycled without water treatment.

著者

中山 満茂

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

燃料協会誌 (ISSN:03693775)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.2-11, 1976-01-20 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

6

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This paper deals with the explanation of a synthesis of methanol from natural gas and the technological investigation of methanol combustion at power plant.The author takes up three important factors for which methanol fuels are untilized at domestic power plants. They are;(1) the problem of stabilised supply during long time.(2) the problem of economical supply price.(3) the problem of combustion characteristics; flue gas status during methanol combustion.

著者

菊地 英一 荒西 康彦 小泉 明正

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

燃料協会誌 (ISSN:03693775)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.76-85, 1980-02-20 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

38

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The advances in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis are reviewed from a viewpoint on the development of new type catalysts. The reaction mechanisms and kinetics are briefly described to lead the Schulz-Flory molecular weight distribution. The product distributions from metal-catalyzed synthesis and the carrier effect are discussed on the basis of the Schulz-Flory equation. Finally it describes the recent efforts to develop the new type catalyst which gives a peculiar selectivity for the specified product distribution.

著者

小山 利光

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

燃料協会誌 (ISSN:03693775)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.4, pp.209-219, 1924-04-20 (Released:2010-06-28)

著者

森泉 由恵 本藤 祐樹 中野 諭

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96, no.1, pp.16-27, 2017-01-20 (Released:2017-01-31)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

4

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本研究では,12種の再生可能エネルギー発電技術を対象に,ライフサイクルにわたる雇用創出効果の分析を行った。著者らが開発した再生可能エネルギー部門拡張産業連関表(REFIO)を用いて直接間接の雇用創出量を推計し,各技術の特徴を定量的に明らかにした。REFIOを用いることにより,12種の再生可能エネルギー発電技術について,共通の手法論に基づく比較を行うことができる。分析より,各発電技術固有の特徴が見出された。推計されたライフサイクル雇用創出ポテンシャルは,1.01~5.04人・年/GWhと技術により大きく異なることが示された。また,本研究では,雇用がどこで創出されるかに着目し,輸入による影響の分析を行った。その結果,太陽光発電と風力発電は,他の技術に比べて海外での雇用創出量が大きいことが示された。さらに,本研究では,量的側面だけでなく,創出される雇用機会の質的側面についても検討している。例えば,地熱発電における地熱井の掘削や木質バイオマス発電におけるプラント運転など,各技術に固有の活動を行うための人材が求められる。その一方で,全技術に共通して,法務・財務・会計サービスや輸送をはじめとする幅広いサービス部門において多くの雇用が誘発される。

著者

佐々木 達司

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

燃料協会誌 (ISSN:03693775)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.4, pp.268-281, 1973-04-20 (Released:2010-06-28)

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Mianmi-Yokohama Thermal Power Station (Tokyo Electric Power Co, LTD.) is the first power station in the warld, which burns L. N. G. only.This article discribes the installations and actual results during about two years after construction of the power plant.