著者

外山 知徳 門内 輝行

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会論文報告集 (ISSN:03871185)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.275, pp.119-129, 1979-01-30 (Released:2017-08-22)

被引用文献数

2

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Design semiotics is a science whose object is design and whose language is semiotics. In this context semiotics serves to extract the essence of design. Modern semiotics, Charles S. Peirce's semiotics in particular, made the concept of sign universal. Peirce's semiotics is universally applicable because of its way to define a Sign. According to Peirce's definition of Sign, anything can be a Sign as long as it forms a Triadic Relation-i. e. as long as it stands for something (its Object) and creates a new Sign (its Interpretant). Such universality of Peirce's semiotics is of great advantage in the explanation of design, its processes and systems. For this reason we think that semiotics is well suited to extract a model of design thinking. We will find that the usefulness of semiotics to design science consists in its function to shedlight on the process of human thinking and to correlate the conceptual aspects of design. Fundamentally it can be said that Peirce's Triadic Relation of a Sign is a module of design thinking. The approach of design semiotics will be decided upon in detail by what is regarded as Sign. Any design phenomenon can be a Sign and can be described as a sign system and its transformation. The finding of Signs in design phenomena will represent method, logic and technique of design. A remarkable feature in the description of sign systems is the fact that a Sign mediates between man who conceives and acts and the object of his conceptions and actions. This feature constitutes a new science of design which takes into account the Triadic Relation of a Sign. Traditional design theories are all monadic, diadic, or quassi-triadic. Design information, which correlates between design activity and its object, develops into a Sign through its performance. This aspect is represented only in the Triadic Relation of a Sign. The Triadic Relation of a Sign is too general a theory to analyse design phenomena. Differentiation of designing is described in sign sequences-sequential description of Triadic Relation in semiosis. We can find in design phenomena various kinds of sign sequences : a sign sequence consists of, e. g., designing, production, and usage; thinking process of design objects; a sign sequence in the evaluation of alternative designs; function of design tools. A sign sequences adequately represents the fact that designing is generation and degeneration of a Sign. Studies of design semiotics are undertaken in order to extend the ability of science to describe and explain its objects. The necessity of these studies becomes obvious when they are applied to design activities. The present study has been accompanied by the development of an Information System for Design and by an examination of user participation work in a redevelopment project at the Kiba districtof Tokyo.

著者

斉藤 雄一 堀内 三郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会論文報告集 (ISSN:03871185)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.283, pp.150-159, 1979

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We made a research on the fire spreading speed of wooden houses in the downwind eddy behind a fire-resistant building. This report runs as follows : -(1) Eddy areas were observed carefully, and a reattachment point were obtained in connection with the aspect ratio of the building. The reattachment point is the downwind limit of the eddy. (2) Distributions of the wind velocity in the eddy were searched. Its maximum value appears in the middle point between the building front and the reattachment point. (3) The relations between V_∞ and V_i were investigated in the wind tunnel. V_∞ means the velocity of wind which blows in the sky higher than the building and is free from the influence of it. V_i is that of the inverse flow in the downwind eddy behind the building. A formula combining V_∞ and V_i was obtained. (4) The buring tests were made in following two ways A & B. A : fire spreading speed from the ignited crib to the adjacent downwind crib. B : fire spreading speed from the adjacent crib to the further adjacent crib. Each case of A & B was done with 3 scaled cribs (i.e. 1/200, 1/100, 1/80 of full scale). (5) The relationships of experimental fire spreading speed in regard to above mentioned 3 scales were obtained by the method of least square. (6) The relationships of (5) were extended to scale 1/1 (full size) by exrtrapolation. Comparing the results gotten by extrapolation wite those by an actual fire spreading speed formula (for instance, Hamada's formula) using V_i instead of V_∞, the former proved to be about 50% of the latter. (7) The fire spreading formula obtained from the above results was applied to actual fires, and the obtained values were compared with the actual values of the fire data. They proved to be approximately equal. Conclusion : The fire spreading speed of wooden houses in the downwind eddy behind a fire-resistant building are scarcely about 50% of ones by another fire spreading formula, using inverse wind velocity V_i instead of fair wind V_∞.

著者

杉山 英男

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築學會論文集 (ISSN:03871177)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, pp.85-94, 1956-03-30 (Released:2017-12-04)

被引用文献数

1

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In this report are presented the results of a series of tests on strength and stiffness of SUGI (Cryptomeria) rubjected to rapis loading and long-time loading. The tests have been continued since 1949. In rapid loading tests, loads were applied by suddenly removing a support at one end of a catilevered beam with a weight connected thereto. Consequently, some beams failed (the time to failure was about 0.2sec) and some were vibrated without failing. In the latter cases the same loading procedures were repeated until they failed eventually. Long-time loading tests or "creep" tests were carried out under natural air condition and dead loads were sustained for 6 to 10 months at the free end of cantilvered specimen. The conclusions obtained are: (1) Modulus of rapture due to bending increases (decreases) as the time of loading decreases (increases) below (beyond) that under normal static loading. Within the range ofl oading time from 0.2 sec up to 10 months. The increasing (decreasing) rate of modulus of rapture is approximately 9% for a tenfold decrease (increase) of loading time. (2) The effect of long-time preloading on modulus of rapture under normal static loading is not disclosed. (3) When a specimen has been vibrated until it fails, the failure load gradually decreases as the number of repetition of vibration increases. (4) Modulus of elasticity under rapid loading is in general increased to some extent(less than 20%) than that under normal static loading. On the other hand, static modulus of elasticity for specimens subjected to long-time preloading are decreased, whereas those specimens show brittle behavior in their loaddeflection relationship, in other words, something like work-harnening effect is observed. (5) Deflection at maximum load is somewhat smaller under rapid loading than under normal static loading. (6) Specimen of cryptomeria subjected to bending fails under the load corresponding to about 60% of the normal static modulus of rapture after such load has been sustained for 6 to 10 months. (7) When a specimen is reloaded after the sustained load is completely removed, it shows increased modulus of elasticity corresponding to the amount and the time of sustained preloading.

著者

孫 章烈 磯田 憲生 松井 昌幸 小林 陽太郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会論文報告集 (ISSN:03871185)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.299, pp.83-93, 1981

被引用文献数

1

著者

高野 公男

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会論文報告集 (ISSN:03871185)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.277, pp.107-116, 1979

被引用文献数

1 1

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以上このシミュレーションによって充分とは言えないまでも, 市街地の地震時の状況像を得ることが出来た。このスタディによる地区防災計画上の総括的認識は以下のものである。地区にはそれぞれ「安全のストック」があり, この安全のストックをどう育て活かすかが計画上の要点である。安全のストックは, 物的側面だけでなく, 人的側面, 社会的側面も重視さるべき要件であり, 地区防災計画はこれらに着目してすすめれねばならない。この地区は, 他地区に較べて比較的条件に恵まれている。が, このような地区特性をより具体的に認識し, 災害像や災害対応像を明らかにした上で, この特性を活用した。より積極的, 即地的, 総合的な地区防災計画の立案が望まれる。安全のストッフや計画の方法については, 更に研究する余地があるが, これらはこのシミュレーションで発見, 検討された内容を進展させる中で, 明確化していくことが出来る。

著者

北野 隆

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会論文報告集 (ISSN:03871185)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.210, pp.73-80,85, 1973-08-30 (Released:2017-08-22)

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This paper deals with the Higo clan's Samurai-Residence and the Sado-Gata in Middle Edo period from Hosokawa Archives. The contents are as follows. I. On the Higo clan's Samurai Residence 1. Hanabata-Residence in Higo 2. Shirogane-Residence in Edo 3. Togoshi-Residence in Edo 4. Suizenji-Garden in Higo II. On the organization of the Sado-Gata And in short, The large garden was made in the Samurai-Residence in the Miedle Edo period by the Sado-Gata. The Sado-Gata was formed in the about 1660 and was treated well. The Sado-Gata held oa advantageous position than Sakuji-Gata on the construction of the Sumurai-Residence in the about 1660.

著者

北野 隆

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会論文報告集 (ISSN:03871185)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.200, pp.95-102,106, 1972-10-30 (Released:2017-08-22)

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This paper deals with the vicissitudes of the Samurai Edo Residence in the early modern era by Hosokawa Archives. The contents are as follows. 1. Tatsunoguchi main-residence. 2. Hosokawa Sansai's residence. 3. Shiba secondary-residence. And in short, Hosokawa Edo residence was only Tatsunoguchi residence in 1622, and three residence existed in the site of this residence. So residence for the formal Shogunate visit could not be made. The residence for the formal Shogunate visit can be traced to the time of Kanei period. The center of Edo residences changed secondary-residence which was broad site from main residence which was narrow site in Kanei period. Also Sukiya residence can be traced time of Genna period.

著者

木下 勇

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.431, pp.107-118, 1992-01-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

6

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The purpose of these studies is to analyze the role of natural spaces in rural areas for children's environmental study through their own play activities. For that, this study tried to compare the children's activities contacting to nature in two rural areas of flat- and mountainous- types and two urban areas of residential- and downtown- types. As a conclusion, these following points are revealed : 1) Children's physical touching activities to living elements of nature are useful as indicators to analyze children's contacts to nature. 2) The mountainous area shows the highest level about children's contact to nature of all. But the flat area is not so different from urban residential area. There can be found the transformation like "Urbanization", using man-made elements in natural spaces, and also in children's life too, such as being controlled their hours for sports clubs, and losing different aged free-play groups, etc.

著者

小野 恭平

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.436, pp.115-125, 1992-06-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

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The aim of this paper is to clarify the images and valuations of the Buddhist huts described in Buddhist tales in the Early Middle Ages of Japan. So, it was clarified that the Buddhist huts were very tiny and humble dwellings, but were imaged and valued as very innocent and religious ones as regards the location, nature and structure.

著者

矢野 隆 小林 朝人

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.354, pp.1-10, 1985-08-30 (Released:2017-12-25)

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A laboratory study was carried out to investigate disturbance and noisiness of periodically non-steady noises in four task conditions. Totally 326 subjects participated in experiments. There were two main variables : the range of level fluctuation was from 0 to 40 dB and the repetition rate varied from 0. 25 to 4 Hz. The noises were exposed at two levels, 60 and 70dB L_<eq>. Task conditions were articulation test, intelligibility test, calculation, and reading, and their exposure durations were respectively about 6, 8, 3, 2.5 minutes. The task performance was investigated and the relation between disturbance or noisiness and performance was also discussed. The conclusions are summarized as follows. 1) In task conditions in which task performance is significantly affected by noises, disturbance and noisiness are influenced considerably by performance and have high correlation with it. 2) In task conditions in which task performance is not significantly affected by noises, disturbance and noisiness increase with range of level fluctuation. 3) In the same conditions as 2), the effect of repetition rate was not reasonably found, but consistently disturbance or noisiness tends to rise at 1 Hz in the case of triangular noises and drop at 1 Hz in rectangular noises. 4) It is considered that the complex effect of repetition rate as mentioned above is contributed by the interference of concentration on task and the rhythm of task exept for the effect of fluctuation factors.

著者

鈴木 博之

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会論文報告集 (ISSN:03871185)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.271, pp.121-129, 1978

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There were several architectural works which had certain "Queen Anne" motives before 1870s. Here were examined such demestic works by Philip Webb and George Devey. The house at 1, Palace Green, London, designed in 1868 by Webb seems "Queen Anne" for its sash-windows and segmental arches in red brick wall. In the course of designing this house, there were some trouble between Webb and J. Pennethorne, the architect of the Commissioners of Woods and Forests, over the style of the house. But it was a battle of style between Classical architect and Gothic one, and not the revolt of the 'Queen Anne' architects against the Gothicists. In Webb's work, there is another interesting forerunner; 14, Holland Park Road, London, designed in 1864. This house was enlarged twice in 1877 and in 1892. The enlargement shows how the original Gothic-like house which was similar to the Red House in Bexleyheath, Kent, grew into the "Queen Anne" style. At the same time the process shows the Gothic elements in the "Queen Anne" style. Concerning Devey, views among scholars differ on his importance. British scholars usually regard him as the impotant pioneer creating the new style, whereas foreign scholares do not place him such a high position. In Devey's work, especially country house Betteshanger in 1861, we find the first revival of Dutch-gable and other non-Gothic features. Although their uniqueness and novelty in detail and composition, both Webb and Devey remained within their own architectural world and they did not publish their works. That was the reason why their influence did not spread rapidly among younger architects who were anxious to creat new style. In that sence, Webb and Devey were not the creater of the "Queen Anne" fashion, but isolated forerunners.

著者

鈴木 博之

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会論文報告集 (ISSN:03871185)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.281, pp.163-171, 1979

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It has been pointed out that W.E. Nesfield was a great figure in forming the Queen Anne Revival in the nineteenth century. But he was often regarded as a worse half of Nesfield-Shaw combination. So, as a first step, he must be discussed separately from Shaw. His major works were all country houses. Here was examined below four works. Coombe Abbey, 1861 Cloverley Hall, 1864 Kew Garden's Lodge, 1867 Kimmel Park, 1868 Characteristics of his composition in planning and manner of expression were summarized as follows; 1. Characteristic symmetry in exterior composition. 2. Influence of French style. 3. Influence of Japanese decorative motives. His work was quite unite unique and original, but his career as an architect was rather traditional in comparison with that of R.N. Shaw. Nesfield's originality in form and Shaw's modernity in career were both indespensable to make the "Queen Anne" powerful.

著者

川上 貢

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築學會論文集 (ISSN:03871177)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.103-110, 1952

著者

池田 晃一 本間 茂樹 本江 正茂

出版者

一般社団法人 日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会技術報告集 (ISSN:13419463)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.31, pp.877-880, 2009-10-20 (Released:2009-10-26)

参考文献数

14

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This study is focused on creative group works. Based on the detailed observations and recordings, we want to find the relations between working activities, results and satisfaction of workers. We put the camera array system on the ceiling of the workspace and took plan-like images of working activities at regular intervals and measured the movement of bodies and tools. This paper also reports on the method to visualize the movement of workers and tools based on the measured data.