著者

花形 恵梨子

出版者

三田哲學會

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:05632099)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.134, pp.201-134, 2015-03

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特集 : 西脇与作君・樽井正義君退職記念寄稿論文Rawls's political liberalism claims that under the condition of reasonable pluralism coercive laws are legitimate only if they are justifiable to all reasonable citizens. This requirement of public justification is fulfilled when laws are justified by public reason. And the content of public reason is given by political conceptions of justice which can be the focus of an overlapping consensus of reasonable comprehensive doctrines. This paper clarifies why political liberalism sets this requirement of public justification and highlights the characteristic features of political liberalism as a kind of liberalism by first, comparing political liberalism to comprehensive liberalism and second, by comparing political liberalism to perfectionist liberalism.

著者

中村 香住

出版者

三田哲學會

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:05632099)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, pp.193-215, 2017-03

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特集 : アートベース社会学へ#寄稿論文1. Introduction : The distance between feminist sociology and feminist art2. Affinity of arts-based research (ABR) for feminism 2.1. Two characters of ABR : Art as a medium, overlapping of the three phases of bodies 2.2. Feminist ethnography and its problems 2.3. Feminist ABR as the alternative of feminist ethnography3. Practices of feminist ABR 3.1. Proposition of feminist ABR and its trends in late years 3.2. Review of feminist ABR 3.2.1. Case 1 : ABR novel Low-Fat Love (Leavy 2011) 3.2.2. Case 2 : ABR project with homeless women in Victoria (Clover 2011)4. Potential of feminist ABR in Japan5. Conclusion

著者

奥村 大介

出版者

三田哲學會

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:05632099)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.129, pp.43-72, 2012-03

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投稿論文Dans cet article, nous voudrions tenter de faire une analyse diachronique des idées relatives à des notions telles que la gravitation, la pesanteur et la chute depuis l'Antiquité jusqu'au vingtième siècle. Certes, la gravitation dans le sens scientifique est la fruit du temps moderne, si bien que l'essai de la chercher dans l'Antiquité risque de retomber dans l'anachronisme. Donc, ce que nous voudrions essayer de faire est plutôt de traiter des notions comme "a gravitation", "la pesanteur", "l'attraction", "la chute" etc. dans le contexte extra-scientifique et culturelle pour en donner un relief de l'histoire intellectuelle là-dussus. En un mot, on pourrait qualifier notre effort de "la généalogie philosophique sur la pesanteur". L'idée moderne de la gravitation est le sujet de l'histoire des sciences avec les génies comme Kepler, Newton et Einstein etc. Mais ici, nous recherchons les émergences d'idée de la gravitation ou la pesanteur dans les domaines alentour de l'histoire de la philosophie, la littérature, la penseé religieuse et la penseé sociale comme Platon, Dante, Bossuet, Charles Fourier, Italo Calvino, Simone Weil etc., parallèlement au développement concomittant des idées scientifiques. Et cette histoire culturelle de la pesanteur sera constituée surtout sur les deux axes, à savoir, "la maîtrise de la pesanteur" et "le consentement à la pesanteur".

著者

Lee Jinah Lee Kwangho

出版者

三田哲學會

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:05632099)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.135, pp.91-109, 2015-03

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投稿論文Women's political representation in Japan has been limited as compared to their high achievement and success in various fields. Stereotypes and media portrayals of women politicians have been regarded as crucial factors to affect gendered reaction to women politicians and low representation of women in politics. In recent times, social media is becoming essential tools for politicians to build their self-image by appealing more directly and to engage in the political process more interactively. It is argued that social media would advantage to political outsiders in particular, including women politicians. This research investigated campaign strategy of women candidates on Twitter during the election period with emphases on the 'representation' of issues and personal traits, and 'interaction' with voters. A total of 699 tweets of four women candidates in the 2013 election, Japan's first 'Internet election', were analyzed for the study. The results revealed that women candidates focused on the issues that have been viewed as male and female issues equally, indicating that women candidates might overcome disadvantages of gendered print and broadcast media framing by using social networking. Representation of personal traits and interaction with voters on Twitter varied according to the candidates: Renho's tweets were the most interactive and often mentioned everyday lives and personal information, while the other women candidates centered on political views.

著者

柴田 陽弘

出版者

三田哲學會

雑誌

哲學 (ISSN:05632099)

巻号頁・発行日

no.77, pp.27-53, 1983-12

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Die Kant-Studie von Novalis aus dem Jahre 1797 beleuchtet von einer neuen Sicht jenen Umbruch des Denkens, der sich mit dem Fruhjahr 1797 in Novalis vollzieht und sich ganz klar und deutlich in der Beschaftigung mit dem holla.ndischen Philosophen Franz Hemsterhuis aus dem Herbst dieses Jahres abzeichnet. Sie weist also verschiedentlich 'alai die Auseinandersetzung mit Hemsterhuis zuruck, vor allem mit dem hier erstmals und plotzlich auftauchenden Plan, die Wissenschaften wissenschaftlich und poetisch zu behandeln. Und im Nachsatz heiBt es, Sollte practisch und poetisch eins seyn-und letzteres nur absolut practisch in specie bedeuten ? Man fuhlt wahrscheinlich, wie Novalis auch hier die Kantische Grundlage zu eng erscheint, um seine eigene, enzyklopadisch begrundbare Metaphysik zu ermoglichen. Hier in diesem Exzerpt wird also die praktische Losung des Erkenntnisproblems durch Kant radikal umgedeutet und zugleich die Antwort auf die Zentralfrage der Transzendentalphilosophie nunmehr der Poesie zugewiesen. Auf diese Weise findet Novalis in der Auseinandersetzung mit Kant den eigenen Standort. Manche selbstandig-kritischen Zusatze der Studie (z. B. ,,der Poesie-Begriff", ,,der Sitz der Seele", ,,der Begriff von Sinn", die Frage nach der Erkenntnis und Erkenntnismoglichkeit des Unbedingten", ,,der Genie-Begriff" u. s. w.) offenbaren. uns in merkwiitdiger Weise die Geburtsstunde des Roniantikers Novalis.

著者

中野 安章

出版者

三田哲學會

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:05632099)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, pp.23-56, 2014-03

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投稿論文Throughout his philosophical career Berkeley had a deep and consistent concern with the contemporary development of science, in particular Newton's natural philosophy and mathematics. This paper explores Berkeley's engagement with Newton's mechanics from a new perspective by reference to the question about the status of 'knowledge of relations'. Berkeley's introduction of 'relations' as the third-kind objects of knowledge (besides 'ideas' and 'spirits') in the second edition of the Principles has been neglected in the literature. I will argue, however, that the new mention of 'knowledge of relations' is closely interconnected with Berkeley's engagement with Newton's gravitational system of the world. This line of interpretation is elaborated by showing the hitherto unnoticed link between the introduction of 'knowledge of relations' in the Principles and 'the doctrine of signs' developed in his middle-period work Alciphron. What is remarkable about Berkeley's discussion of 'the doctrine of signs' in Alciphron is his clear recognition of the essential use of symbols in the progress of scientific knowledge. This recognition indicates the development of Berkeley's view of scientific laws. In the first edition of the Principles, he simply equated Newton's law of gravitation with phenomenal similitude, but the Alciphron view takes into account the essential role of 'analysis' in the discovery of gravitational law―how symbols have heuristic significance in the discovery of pervasive 'analogies' which underlie phenomena. I will substantiate this point by drawing attention to Berkeley's mention of the parallelogram of force in his exposition of 'the doctrine of signs'.

著者

河野 真佐子

出版者

三田哲學會

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:05632099)

巻号頁・発行日

no.79, pp.p167-187, 1984-12

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問題の所在I. 内的法則に従う生体としての人間II. 人間と環境との相互性III. 図表とワークシートに関する基本的枠組結語

著者

望月 典子

出版者

三田哲學會

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:05632099)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.132, pp.255-280, 2014-03

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特集 : 論集 美学・芸術学 : 美・芸術・感性をめぐる知のスパイラル(旋回)Nicolas Poussin, a French painter, was highly influential in the formation of French classicism in the arts. He spent most of his life in Rome, Italy, and from the 1640s, he produced works mainly aimed at amateurs in Paris. He left about 18 paintings focusing on the life of Moses as depicted in the Old Testament. Among these include The Finding of Moses, which he painted for the Parisian silk merchant Jean Pointel, and The Exposition of Moses, which he created for Jacques Stella, a French painter and old acquaintance. These works depict two episodes related to the birth of Moses as well as feature a sphinx as an attribute of the River God of the Nile. In these works, Poussin rendered two noticeably different types of sphinxes for each recipient. For Pointel, he concealed typological meanings in the Egyptian sphinx to embody prophesies from the Old Testament, whereas for Stella, he depicted the statue of a lion along with the statue of Moses in the fountain of the Acqua Felice( one of the aqueducts of Rome), in which he included syncretistic connotations while drawing on the works of Kircher. The relationship between providence of nature and fortune indicated in this particular work is a theme that Poussin dealt with through his so-called ideal landscape. Therefore, he sent this work to Stella, who understood his paintings more than anyone else, in order to receive critical appraisal.

著者

西川 耕平

出版者

三田哲學會

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:05632099)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, pp.57-80, 2014-03

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投稿論文Dans cet article, nous examinons les dénonciations et les démystifications chez Deleuze. En étudiant Lucrèce, Spinoza et Nietzsche, Deleuze dénonce le trouble de l'âme, la tristesse, le ressentiment et la mauvaise conscience qui nous séparent de ce que nous pouvons. Bien plus, ces concepts sont toujours rapportés aux mystifications etillusions; selon lui, la tâche pratique de la philosophie consiste donc à démystifier. Dans son étude de Lucrèce, il montre comment les simulacres entraînent les phantasmes et les mythes qui sont la source du malheur de l'homme; dans celle de Spinoza, il dénonce la superstition derivée du signe moral et tente de libérer l'homme de la servitude; dans celle de Nietzsche, il analyse la fiction et la mystification qui font triompher les forces réactives, rendant possible la formation d'hommes vraiment libres. Nous pouvons alors entrevoir la raison pour laquelle Deleuze introduit une distinction entre l'éthique et la morale, ainsi que le but qu'il vise: aller jusqu'au bout de ce que nous pouvons.

著者

宮坂 清

出版者

三田哲學會

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:05632099)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.128, pp.285-312, 2012-03

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特集 : 社会学 社会心理学 文化人類学投稿論文This paper deals with the relationship between tourism and agriculture by case studies of migrants to Minami-Izu. In Anthropology of tourism, there has been less studies of domestic migration from urban to country area in Japan though there are many cases.Minami-Izu, Shizuoka prefecture have been known as a major tourist site from 1960s which is represented as warm and rich nature by the mass media and tourist agencies. The local farmers who had been almost self-suffcient in food also entered into tourism by running direct sales shop or pick-your-own farm shop. Though they are declining these days, it is remarkable that the local community encourages migration from urban areas and engagement in agriculture. The Community attracts people by ways such as creating youth employment, researching development of organic farming and networking farmers, or mediating urban market and local farmers.There are migrant farmers in Minami-Izu, who share value of sustainable farming which is characterlized by organic without agricultural chemicals and rooted in local nature and community. They seem to enjoy life there despite many adverse conditions as they see the value worthwhile. To locate domestic migration from urban to country area in the study of tourism, the dualistic frame of urban and country should be treated as more fluid and interactive by mediaters of locals and migrants.

著者

玉田 圭作

出版者

三田哲學會

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:05632099)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.123, pp.207-228, 2010-03

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特集 : 教育学の射程投稿論文The purposes of this paper were (1) to review past studies about education and manga (Japanese comics), (2) to grasp recent movements about education and manga, (3) to construct the framework of studies about education and manga through past studies and recent movements.Firstly, studies about education and manga can be divided into two categories: reading or creating manga. Studies about reading manga dealt with the effects of reading manga, and the effects were negative or positive. Studies on negative effects of reading manga had two types approach: showing their opinion and perceiving situations, while studies on positive effects of reading manga had two contents: knowledge and attitude.On the other hand, studies about creating manga would be classified into two types: special or general education. Special education is a kind of program which tries to bring up professional manga creators, especially in universities. Meanwhile, general education means challenges to get something thorough the experience of crating manga. Focusing on creating manga has just started, so this is a kind of prospect of future studies. I hope this paper will connect to the development of studies about education and manga in the near future.

著者

後藤 文子

出版者

三田哲學會

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:05632099)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.131, pp.181-203, 2013-03

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投稿論文Die traditionelle Kunstwissenschaft sieht das Kunstwerk wesentlichals eine Seinsform, in der das Kunstwerk als materielle Substanz,sei es die bemalte Leinwand, Bronze oder Eisen, existiert, unddaher mit seinem Standort eng verbunden ist.Die moderne Kunst, die den lebendig sich stetig veränderndenOrganismus und das Leben an sich als ihre wichtige selbständigebildnerische Grundlage betrachtet, verlangt nach einem neuen Konzept,um den Schaffensprozeß der modernen Künstler, die sichvielseitig mit dem Raum-Zeit-Problem auseinandersetzen, zu interpretieren,sowie die Dynamik, die das Kunstwerk in sich beinhaltet,zu begreifen. Zu diesem Zweck wird die Meteorologische Kunstwissenschaftkonzipiert. Mit dem Begriff des Wetters bezeichnetman diejenigen optischen und atmosphärischen Erscheinungen, diebeim Wechsel der Zustände von Luft und Wasser auftreten. DieMeteorologische Kunstwissenschaft nimmt dieses Wetter als einModell für die Kunstforschung und betrachtet das Kunstwerk alsein raum-zeitliches Phänomen unter dem Gesichtspunkt der prozess haften Phasenwechsel.Der vorliegende Aufsatz behandelt die moderne Architektur inder Zeit von der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts bis zur erstenHälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts, einer Zeit kulturtheorischer Paradigmenwechsel,in der der Gartenarchitekt als Vermittler zwischen deranorganischen und der organischen Welt eine der Moderne eigentümlicheStellung einnimmt.

著者

中川 雅博

出版者

三田哲學會

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:05632099)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.131, pp.105-128, 2013-03

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投稿論文"War is wrong." No one denies this. But once a country has becomeinvolved in a war, its views might change. During the Japanesemodern era, wars occurred at various times. Each time, peopleargued about whether it was right to fight and they reached thesame conclusion: "War is wrong." Nevertheless, wars still occur, becauseto the people who are involved in an actual war, the words"war is wrong" are meaningless. However, they typically say, "Ourpresent situation differs from that of other times anyway. We mustfight. "Thus, when they collide with the realities of war, they createtheir own arguments to justify the act of war. The idea of righteousness,such as humanity and justice or a religious cause often becomesa principal pillar of their thinking.Many Japanese Buddhists took a chauvinistic position during theRusso-Japanese War. Although Buddhism teaches that we should notkill any living creature, they have sometimes adopted improper behavior.How about Russian Orthodox Church? The Bible says, "Thou shall not kill." However, it has led Russian people into war for positivereasons. On a superficial level, many religions preach peace, yettheir teachings themselves may contain a logic that advocates war.I would like to clarify Japanese Buddhist logic by examining theviews of Rinzai Zen master Shaku Sōen (Kōgaku Sōen). Section Icriticizes ordinary ideas that are generally related to the ethics ofwar, and Section II presents an overview of the meaning of the Russo-Japanese War in Japanese society. Section III shows Sōen's figurein the Meiji era of Japan, and Section IV discusses his views on theRusso-Japanese War, which were published in the magazine TheSun (Taiyo). Sections V and VI examine the logic that supports hisopinions on war in his other writings. In this study, the special featureof the war logic of Japan—the obligation of egolessness—is revealedin considerable detail.

著者

岸本 智典

出版者

三田哲學會

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:05632099)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.131, pp.235-265, 2013-03

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投稿論文This paper examines William James' educational thought, especiallyabout his talks on "teaching," and discusses the background ideasunderlying his thinking on teaching. As often noted, his influence onAmerican schools and the outlook of educators was very profound.However, as Jim Garrison et al. indicated in William James andEducation, works focusing on the implications of his thoughts of educationhave been severely limited up till now.In this paper, I examine the contents of his influential book titledTalks to Teachers on Psychology (1899), comparing James' opinionsin them with his outlooks in his other psychological works, and investigatehis thoughts on education and teaching in the book. I focusespecially on his view of children and on the free-will controversy,and indicate his acceptance of the Darwinian thinking of evolution inhis educational writings. Eric Bredo, one of the authors of WilliamJames and Education, discussed the Darwinian center to James' vision,and claimed that James had reconciled freedom with determin-ism, and individuality with universality, by using Darwinian ideas.Favoring Bredo's opinion, this paper discusses some relationships betweenJames' talks on teaching as "an art" and his belief of "Freewill",and claims that he had accepted the "variation" concept derivedfrom Darwin as the theoretical background. Owing to hisacceptance of the "variation" concept, he could regard children aspartly free and emphasize the necessity of intuitive knowledge onthe pupil in the teaching act.

著者

ゴルトン フランシス 北中 淳子 皆吉 淳平

出版者

三田哲學會

雑誌

哲學 (ISSN:05632099)

巻号頁・発行日

no.114, pp.181-188, 2005-03 (Released:2005-00-00)

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特集都市・公共・身体の歴史社会学-都市社会学誕生100年記念-A編 ゲデス・プロジェクト第III部 ロンドン社会学会の創立

著者

渕上 恭子

出版者

三田哲學會

雑誌

哲學 (ISSN:05632099)

巻号頁・発行日

no.119, pp.337-372, 2008-03 (Released:2008-00-00)

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第2部 民俗宗教から観光研究まで投稿論文 序「シバジ」 : 韓国の代理出産母のルーツI. 「シバジ」の民族誌 : 映画『シバジ』にみる朝鮮時代の代理母出産と祈子習俗II. 「シバジ」の身分層形成の時代背景 1. 父系血統主義 : 血筋のよい「借り腹」としての「世襲シバジ」 2. 「七出三不去」の礼法 : 女性に対する儒教教化と両班に対する離婚抑制策 3. 「庶孽禁固」 : 両班の妾の子孫達に対する差別III. 韓国朝鮮の文献史料にみる「シバジ」 1. 「シバジ夫人」 : 韓国の代理母出産研究の先駆 2. 朝鮮時代後期の実学派にみる「シバジ」研究の系譜 : 男尊思想の定着による祈子習俗の浸透IV. 「現代版シバジ」の群像 : 生殖技術の発達による「シバジ」の変貌おわりに 韓国の代理母出産問題の根源を探る「シバジ」研究 'Ssi-baji' means, literally a 'womb for rent', so-called a 'surro-gate mother'. In Chosun era (1392-1910), because of Confucian morals, it had been regarded as the most important obligation toward ancestors to give birth to the son to carry on the paternal family line. The 'yang-ban' (the governing classes in Chosun era) nobleman who had not been blessed with his male heir to hold the Confucian service for his ancestors employed a 'ssi-baji' woman to have sexual relations with him on behalf of his lawful wife unable to conceive in order to make her bear his son. She had secretly borne a baby boy in order to hand over it to him after giving birth, pretending that his lawful wife had borne his son. A 'ssi-baji' woman who was a surrogate mother giving birth to a male heir "by profession" for a respectful 'yang-ban' family got a lot of reward such as arable land when she had borne a baby boy. However, she could not get anything but a bite of grain as the expenses for bringing up her child if she had borne a baby girl. The baby girl was taken home together with her and her daughter also became a 'ssi-baji' woman like as her mother. The social status and occupation of a 'ssi-baji' woman had been succeeded by the maternal line, and 'ssi-baji' women who rent out their wombs to live had been actually existing until before the liberation from Japanese colonial rule. In my paper I'll examine the historical backgrounds that a 'ssi-baji' woman who was not a secondary wife but a professional surrogate mother giving birth to a male heir had been needed among respectful childless 'yang-ban' families in Chosun era. In the age of Chosun-Dynasty, it was actually impossible for respectful 'yang-ban' family member to divorce or keep a mistress even though his lawful wife was unable to give birth to a son be-cause of the reputation of his family. In those days the descend-ant whose mother was a mistress had been prohibited from holding a government post even if his father was a 'yang-ban' noble-man. It was no use keeping a mistress in order to obtain his son, for his descendants from the illegitimate would have no chance of success in 'yang-ban' society. Therefore, in the 'yang-ban' society in Chosun era that paternal line had been highly estimated, a 'ssi-baji' woman of noble descendent blood whose biological father was a 'yang-ban' nobleman and whose origin didn't surface was suitable for a surrogate mother of a respectful 'yang-ban' family's male heir. Although the class system in Chosun Dynasty was officially abolished in 1894, a 'ssi-baji' woman, as a means of obtaining son, didn't actually disappear in Korea where 'son-preference' due to Confucian tradition since Chosun era had been deeply rooted. Since 1950s infertility treatments such as artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization have been introduced in Korea, gestational surrogacy with these infertility treatments have come to be carried out by a surrogate mother so-called 'a present-day ssi-baji' woman, in place of a former 'ssi-baji' in Chosun era. The technology of infertility treatments have made it possible to conceive without sexual intercourse, and recently highly developed assisted reproductive technologies have made it also possible to 'rent' only a womb in order to bear a baby boy with sex-selection technology of IVF (in vitro fertilization) surrogacy. The development of assisted reproductive technologies has made a former 'ssi-baji' woman in Chosun era change into 'a present-day ssi-baji' to rent her womb and bear a baby boy which is not related to her by blood, a literal 'womb for rent', which has been causing serious bio-ethical problems on surrogate mother-hood in contemporary Korea. In my paper I'll study these bio-ethical problems on the 'ssi-baji' surrogate motherhood in contemporary Korea from the standpoint of ethnology.

著者

金 官圭

出版者

三田哲學會

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:05632099)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.110, pp.199-223, 2003-03

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1. はじめに2. インターネットと政治コミュニケーション構造 1) ブロードキャスト(broadcast)構造 2) インターネットのネットキャスト(netcast)構造2. 電子民主主義と政治過程の変化 1) 遠隔民主主義・ポピュリズム(Teledemocracy・Populism) 2) サイバー民主主義・共同体主義(Cyberdemocracy・Communitarianism) 3) 電子民主主義化・強化された多元主義(Electronic Democratization・Accelerated Pluralism)3. 終わりに : 電子民主主義の現実的様相特集コミュニケーション課程の諸相論文

著者

柏原 勤

出版者

三田哲學會

雑誌

哲學 (ISSN:05632099)

巻号頁・発行日

no.128, pp.207-234, 2012-03 (Released:2012-00-00)

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特集 : 社会学 社会心理学 文化人類学投稿論文 The purpose of this investigation is to regard "2 -channel thread editing blog" as a new form of news communication, to identify the characteristics and processes of the news communication, and to present the possibility that these blogs can be examined from the perspective of several mass communication theories. "2-channel thread editing blog" is a famous blog genre for many Japanese Internet users. It contains articles whose recourses are selected from threads on "2-channel", the most popular anonymous bulletin board in Japan.This study classifies these blogs and its articles into two groups, "news" and "non-news", and considers the former a new form of news communication. This type of blogs functions as a news media by mediating news articles reported by traditional media, or reporting social events particularly occurring on the Internet.As a novel type of news media, "2-channel thread editing blog" presents some potentialities to be studied from the point of and by methods of mass communication theories or news communication researches, such as double geetkeeping, media effect theories, and so on.

著者

高須 大 横尾 剛

出版者

三田哲學會

雑誌

哲學 (ISSN:05632099)

巻号頁・発行日

no.109, pp.273-289, 2003-03 (Released:2003-00-00)

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研究ノート 1. 導入2. 主観説とダッチ・ブックの論証 2.1. 主観説の方策 : 信念の度合いから確率への2段階の置き換え 2.2. 賭けの一般形式と賭け指数 2.3. 第1段階 : 信念の度合いと公平な賭け指数 2.4. 第2段階 : 公平な賭け指数と確率 ダッチ・ブック定理3. 結論 : 第1段階と第2段階の統合付録 ダッチ・ブック定理の証明 Lots of efforts have been paid for interpreting the concept of probability by another familiar concept such as ignorance, degree of a partial logical entailment, degree of belief, frequency, and propensity. In this paper the subjective theory is addressed. According to this theory, probability is interpreted as coherent degree of belief of a particular individual. This interpretation is achieved through following the two-step replacements: (1) Degree of belief is interpreted as fair betting quotient; (2) Fair betting quotient is interpreted as probability. The first replacement is based on the claim that in a bet (decision-making in an uncertain situation) a bettor's degree of belief whether an event will occur can be measured by a real number which she gives through her judgement on the fairness of the bet. The second replacement is based on the fact that when a bettor makes bets on events, in order to be guaranteed not to lose whatever happens (in order to be coherent) she should assign her betting quotients in accordance with the probability axioms, and vice versa. It is the so-called Dutch Book Theorem that guarantees this fact mathematically. The purpose of this paper is to clarify and confirm the contents of the subjective theory in terms of betting systems along the following approach (Ramsey (1931), de Finetti (1937), Howson Urbach (1993), Gillies (2000), etc.).

著者

西山 晃生

出版者

三田哲學會

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:05632099)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.120, pp.19-34, 2008-03

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はじめに1. 賭けの必然性 : 強制的参加2. 賭けの合理性 : 公平な選択3. 賭けの継続性 : 習慣の力4. 議論の評価と解釈5. 結論投稿論文