著者

立松 敏男 島村 誠一 冨田 守 小此木 成夫

出版者

低温生物工学会

雑誌

凍結および乾燥研究会会誌 (ISSN:02888297)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.40-45, 1982-08-20 (Released:2017-08-01)

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1)凍結乾燥したビフィズス菌,乳酸菌を復水して生菌数を測定する際,復水温度によって生菌数回収能が異なり生理食塩水を用いる場合では,30℃で復水すると良好な生菌数回収が得られた.2)乾燥菌の経時的な生残率の変化は,保存日数を経るに従ってゆるやかになった.生残率の対数座標に対して,時間座標をt^<0.5>としてプロットした生残曲線はほぼ直線となり,求めた死滅速度定数kは保存温度に依存し,アレニウスの式に従った.3)乾燥菌の生残性に及ぼす最適a_wは0.1付近であり,また温度感受性を示すEaの値は,a_w 0.1付近で最小となった.4)乾燥菌をコーンスターチ,脱脂粉乳,乳糖等に混合倍散しても,その生残性はa_wの影響を受けることが認められた.したがって,粉末素材に乾燥菌を添加混合する場合は,a_wに基づいた安定性の管理が重要である.

著者

菅野 正也 林 正和 村勢 則郎 網野 比佐子 北 潔

出版者

低温生物工学会

雑誌

低温生物工学会誌 (ISSN:13407902)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.177-180, 2008-12-30 (Released:2017-06-19)

参考文献数

5

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For the establishment of successful cryopreservation of Caenorhabditis elegans, freezing survival of the nematode was investigated in the presence of dimethylsulfoxide. When nematodes were cooled to -20 ℃ with the rate of 0.2 ℃/min after ice seeding treatment at -3 ℃, survival rate of the nematode increased with the time of exposure to the DMSO solution before freezing. The rate was above 80% irrespective of the cooling temperature between -20 to -75 ℃. However, the nematodes hardly survived when they were quenched by liquid nitrogen after the pre-freezing at -20 ℃, The rate of freezing survival became higher with the decrease in the pre-freezing temperature before plunging into LN_2. Heating rate also affected freezing survival. Slow heating probably prevented rapid rehydration of the nematode and increased survival rate after thawing.

著者

小林 正和 砂間 良二 原島 好

出版者

低温生物工学会

雑誌

凍結および乾燥研究会会誌 (ISSN:02888297)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, pp.14-23, 1988-09-30 (Released:2017-08-01)

著者

小林 正和

出版者

低温生物工学会

雑誌

凍結および乾燥研究会会誌 (ISSN:02888297)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.77-80, 1984-08-20 (Released:2017-08-01)

著者

米持 悦生

出版者

低温生物工学会

雑誌

低温生物工学会誌 (ISSN:13407902)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.25-30, 2005-08-30 (Released:2017-06-19)

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Solid dispersions of drug in polymers are widely used to obtain the amorphous state of materials. However amorphous is unstable and easily crystallized. An estimation method for the physical stability of amorphous drug and a clarification of the effect of polymer on crystallization of amorphous drug in solid dispersion are primarily required. Generally solid dispersions were containing different ratios of drug and polymers, e.g. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC). The physical stability of solid dispersion was evaluated by the induction period of the crystallization under isothermal condition. The induction period of crystallization from amorphous drug was gradually delayed with increasing amounts of polymer. The crystallization of drug was prevented by the present of polymer. Drug-polymer interaction was recognized as one of the central cause, and the FT-IR spectra of solid dispersion suggested the interaction between drug and polymer. In spite of no interaction between Flurbiprofen and PVP, the solid disperseon containing them was stable. It is noted that the interfacial free energy between drug crystal and supercooled liquid and the activation energy of diffusion of drug molecules which related to nucleation was closely related to the drug crystallization. In the case of tolbutamide or flurbiprofen and PVP, the interfacial free energy was not affected by PVP contents. The activation energy of diffusion was increased with increase the PVP contents in the solid dispersion, suggesting that the crystallization of TB in solid dispersion would be affected by the diffusivity of drug. On the other hand, in the solid dispersion of FBP, the activation energy of diffusion was not changed by PVP contents. These reports suggested that the retardation of crystallization of drug induced by the coexistense of polymer could be related to the interaction between drug and polymer and the increase of the activation energy of diffusion.

著者

中島 一格

出版者

低温生物工学会

雑誌

低温生物工学会誌 (ISSN:13407902)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1, pp.1-6, 1999-08-31 (Released:2017-06-19)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

1

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Blood products for transfusion in Japan are regulated by the pharmaceutical affairs law enacted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. The quality system of GMP regulation for pharmaceutical products was introduced in 1976 and was applied for blood centers and blood products. GMP consists of the regulation for facilities and equipment (GMP hard), and quality management (GMP soft). The aims of GMP are prevention of human errors, prevention of contamination and quality defect of drugs, and constitution of quality system for manufacturing high quality pharmaceutical products. GMP contains GMP system, standard documents, management of manufacture, quality control, calibration, validation, management for complaints and recall, internal audit, and educational training. Blood centers in Japan have just started to use GMP and they look to be behind to other pharmaceutical companies particularly in the respect of GMP Soft. Therefore, we have to promote activities for carrying out GMP especially in quality management.

著者

渡邉 亜沙子 岡畑 恵雄 古澤 宏幸 星 美奈子 櫻井 実

出版者

低温生物工学会

雑誌

低温生物工学会誌 (ISSN:13407902)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.137-140, 2005-12-30 (Released:2017-06-19)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

1

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The effect of trehalose on the aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) was investigated using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD). Here we prepared three types of host Aβ-guest Aβ systems differing in a combination of their secondary structures: namely, β-sheet-β-sheet (system (1)), β-sheet-random coil (system(2)) and random coil-random coil (system(3)). The host Aβ was fixed on the electrode of QCM, and the guest Aβ was dissolved in a buffer solution. The host-guest interaction was monitored through a frequency shift (ΔF) of the quartz vibration: a larger ΔF value means the occurrence of a larger degree of host-guest aggregation. When disaccharide (trehalose, neotrehalose or maltose) was added in the above system, the time dependent profile of ΔF was significantly affected. In systems (1) and (2), any of these disaccharides depressed significantly the host-guest aggregation: maltose and trehalose exhibited the strongest effect in systems (1) and (2), respectively. Interestingly, in system(3), trehalose rather promoted the aggregation compared with the control (without disaccharide), while both maltose and neotrehalose depressed the aggregation as much as in the cases of systems (1) and (2). The results of systems (2) and (3) imply that trehalose more strongly interacts with Aβ in a random coil than that in p-sheets. In fact, CD measurements indicated that trehalose retarded the transformation of Aβ from a random coil to β-sheet. Taken together, these results open up the possibility that trehalose modifies the aggregation process of Aβ through its preferential interaction with the random coil state of Aβ.

著者

松嶋 卯月 KARDJILOV Nikolay LEHMANN Eberhard H. HERPPICH Werner B.

出版者

低温生物工学会

雑誌

低温生物工学会誌 (ISSN:13407902)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.9-14, 2012-04-15

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Neutron imaging is a useful method for studying the water distribution of intact plants, due to the strong interaction of neutrons with hydrogen. This interaction provides high image contrast, even in the presence of small quantities of water. Moreover, the combination of neutron imaging with low-contrast tracer D_2O enables direct visualization of water flow and calculation of water flow rates at the tissue level in plants, at high resolution. This article introduces these two visualization methods, and reports our most recent experimental results using these methods.

著者

堀川 大樹

出版者

低温生物工学会

雑誌

低温生物工学会誌 (ISSN:13407902)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.61-65, 2006-08-21

被引用文献数

1

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Tardigrades are hydrophilous invertebrates with four pairs of lobopodous legs forming a phylum and inhabit various environments throughout the world. Terrestrial tardigrades lose their body water almost completely and contract their body into a form called as "tun" when the surrounding water disappears. Although the dried tardigrades show no sign of life, they will recover their activity if a drop of water is given. This ametabolic dry state is called "anhydrobiosis". Anhydrobiotic tardigrades are known to tolerate a variety of extreme environments: they can survive a wide range of temperatures from -273℃ to 151℃, vacuum, hydrostatic pressure up to 600 MPa, ionizing radiation (X-rays, y-rays and ultraviolet rays) and chemicals (alcohol and methyl bromide). Tardigrades may provide a useful model system to study extreme environmental biology in the future, although the mechanisms of tolerance to extreme environments remain unknown. We will summarize extraordinary high stress tolerance in tardigrades and discuss the possible mechanism responsible for it.

著者

西松 慶子 田村 理 関根 政実 高野 光男

出版者

低温生物工学会

雑誌

凍結及び乾燥研究会会誌 (ISSN:02888297)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, pp.48-50, 1993-10-20

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Cell suspension of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. BY2 was cultured with a modified LS medium. The cells were examined to vitrify through two methods. The 7-days culture was replaced in the medium with 1M sucrose and cultured for 1 day. In the method 1, the cells were vitrified with PVS2 (by SAKAI) in liquid nitrogen. In the method 2, the cells were transferred to the medium containing 2M glycerol plus 0.4M sorbitol, and then to that containing 4.5M glycerol plus 1.46M sorbitol successively. Cells in the concentrated medium were vitrified similarly to the method 1. Plasmolysis of the cells was observed in both methods, but more mildly in the method 2. The ratio of heat of devitrification to that of thawing was 0.82 or 0.67 in the two methods, respectively. The thawed cells in both methods were hard to grow on the solid medium. Only the growth was observed on a solid medium through nursing culture plate of the cells from methed 2.

著者

花房 尚史

出版者

低温生物工学会

雑誌

凍結及び乾燥研究会会誌 (ISSN:02888297)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.33-34, 1981-09-20

著者

林 正和 網野 比佐子 北 潔 村勢 則郎

出版者

低温生物工学会

雑誌

低温生物工学会誌 (ISSN:13407902)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.87-90, 2011-04-15

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1

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Cryopreservation of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans in the adult stage is of importance as the nematode is a powerful model organism. In this study, we applied the protocol previously established for cryopreservation of the L4 nematode to the adult one. Survival rate of 84% was obtained as a result. When ice nucleation active bacteria, Pseudomonas syringae, was used for the simplification of ice seeding procedure instead of the use of a pre-cooled needle, survival rate of 82% was obtained after thawing. Moreover, a simple method of cryopreservation using a deep freezer and polystyrene foam was developed for a practical purpose. According to the observation under a cryomicroscope, eggs in the nematode body were found to freeze at ca. -20℃ when cooled at the rate of 0.2℃/min after ice seeding at -3℃ although the nematode body remained unfrozen down to -100℃.

著者

大川 拓 黄川田 隆洋 奥田 隆 櫻井 実

出版者

低温生物工学会

雑誌

低温生物工学会誌 (ISSN:13407902)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.1, pp.39-42, 2010-03-15

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Here the three-dimensional (3-D) structure of TRET1, a novel trehalose transporter from an anhydrobiotic insect, Polypedilum vanderplanki, was predicted by homology modeling in which the 3-D structure (1SUK) of GLUT1, glucose transporter from human was selected as a template. It was found that TRET1 has 12 transmembrane (TM) helices with an inward-facing conformation. Next, to explore the dynamics of the protein, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for the protein embedded in a hydrated phospholipid bilayer. The result of principal component analysis indicated that the protein has a hinge-bending motion, that is, the helices on the intracellular side come close or draw apart together. This dynamics may be essential for substrate uptake. Furthermore, we performed docking simulation combined with binding energy calculation to investigate the substrate selectivity of TRET1. As a result, it was found that trehalose more strongly binds to TRET1 than its isomer, isotrehalose, consistent with available experimental data.

著者

梶原 一人 茂木 昭仁 中村 正幸

出版者

低温生物工学会

雑誌

低温生物工学会誌 (ISSN:13407902)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.2, pp.119-122, 1998-12-28

被引用文献数

1

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Double crystallizations during warming observed with the certain compositions of NaCl-glucose-water system solution, were investigated by X-ray diffraction. From the results a lower temperature crystallization is identified as ice formation. Viscosities of the ternary system solutions were measured at 30℃. Viscosities of NaCl-glucose-water system solutions are higher than those of KCl-glucose-water system solutions in the same compositions.

著者

海老名 敏明 鹿内 健吉 伊藤 隆 梅田 義彦

出版者

低温生物工学会

雑誌

凍結及び乾燥研究会記録 (ISSN:02888289)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.16-24, 1960-07-17

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現在我々の行つている乾燥BCGワクチン(以下乾ワクと略す)の製造では,箱型乾燥機内でアンプル中の液体ワクチンが一且凍結真空乾燥された後,空気を入れて真空を破つて取り出され再び多岐管式乾燥に取りつけて真空に熔封される。此の際真空下にあつた乾ワクは一時空気にふれ再び真空下に戻される事になる。この乾ワクにふれる空気の湿度や,空気と接触している時間の長さが乾ワクの生菌数及び保存性に如何に影響を及ぼすか検討した。1)箱型乾燥機内で乾燥が終つた時,真空下でアンプルにゴム栓を施し,一時的に封じ,之を箱外に取り出し最終的に熔封を行つた乾ワクと,従来の方法で短時間(10分以内)空気にふれさせた後,真空熔封されたものの生菌保性を氷室保存12ケ月比較観察したが,両者間に著差を認め得なかつた。2)箱型乾燥機からとり出されたアンプルを一部は直ちに真空熔封し,他は相対湿度約25.5%の容器中に貯え,2時間後に真空熔封した。この両者の製造直後の生菌数は,後者では明らかに滅少して居た。又15時間上記容器中に放置した群を加えこれら3種の乾ワクの生菌保存性を比較したが,氷室保存では製造直后の生菌をよく保持したが,37℃保存で空気とふれた時間に比例して生菌揖失の度が増した。3)硫酸処置により5.2%, 56.8%, 88.5%の含湿空気を作り,之らに乾ワクを2時間ふれさせた後,真空熔封し,各乾ワクの生薗保存性を比較したが,氷室保存で製造直後の生菌数をよく保持し得たが,37℃保存で高湿度の空気にふれたもの程生菌損失の度合は大きかつた。尚各乾ワクの含水度はふれた空気の湿度に比例して多くなつて居た。4)アンプル熔封時,空気,酸素,窒素等のガスをアンプル中に送入し,再び真空状態に戻した後アンプルを真空熔封した場合,その乾ワクの生菌保存性は窒素群が他群より多少優れて居た。

著者

田中 康夫

出版者

低温生物工学会

雑誌

凍結及び乾燥研究会会誌 (ISSN:02888297)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.83-85, 1982-08-20

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冷凍生地を製パンに使用することによって,従来両立が困難であったがために製パン業界を悩ませてきた新鮮パンの提供と労務対策という,2つの問題の同時解決が可能となる.冷凍生地とは,発酵工程を終え,分割,整形まで終わった生地を凍結したもので,ふつう-20℃に1〜3週間くらい貯蔵される.解凍後は膨張工程である焙炉(ほいろ)発酵と焙焼だけが行なわれて,パンは常に新鮮なうちに消費者に提供される.この方法は多くの利点をもっているが,解凍後の焙炉発酵が著しく遅延したり,パンの品質低下が起こりやすいという欠点のために,普及が妨げられている.これは酵母の凍結障害に起因するもので,そのためパン酵母の凍結障害の防止法や冷凍耐性酵母の検索が強く求められている.そこで冷凍生地中における酵母の凍結障害に影響を与える要因につき検討すると共に,冷凍耐性機構の解明を目的として,冷凍耐性酵母と非耐性の酵母につき2,3の特性の比較を行なった.