著者
村上 孝止
出版者
日本マス・コミュニケーション学会
雑誌
新聞学評論 (ISSN:04886550)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, pp.291-304,369-37, 1991

In Japan, the courts have been making rules which deal with the concerns for the right to take or publish photographs of people on the one hand, and the protection of privacies on the other. In the 1950's, the issue arose out of arrests of persons, whose photographs were taken without consent and who protested with violence. They asserted that they had the right not to be photographed. In 1969, the Supreme Court recognized and declared the right fo refuse to be a photograph without consent as the general principle and pointed out some exceptions. In civil cases, publication needs consent as well. The other rules have not come out yet for a long time. However, they have gradually become clear because of redent popularity of photo weekly magazines. In Germany, the problem between the rigrt of privacy and the right to photograph had been discussted at the end of the previous century. And then "das Recht am eigenen Bilde", or the right to one's own picture was created as a kind of copyright law. However, it regulates only publication. Therefore, taking someone's picture without consent is not prohibited. And now it is a source of troubles concernig of privacy and the photograph. At that time in the United States, the problem between the photograph and it's publication was brought forward by the Warrenr Brandeis' argument "The Right to Privacy". Since then, the rules have developed through numerous law suits. The rule in the U. S. is similar to Japanese rule. But ours a little differ from the U. S. rule in that it generally requires consent to take someone's photograph. Our rule, the so-called Third Rule conerning photograph and it's publication, has the purpose of obtaining compromise with the freedom of the Press. Nowadays, problems of photographs arise in many countries. In my view, Japanese rule is effective in dealing with them.
著者
岡田 章子
出版者
日本マス・コミュニケーション学会
雑誌
マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, pp.82-97, 2003

Despite recent studies on Japanese popular culture focusing on the representation of "orientalism" and/or nationalism, neo-colonialism and the subject of "orientalism" in the global era have not been sufficiently clarified. By referring to postcolonial theories, this paper reveals the inherent "orientalism" in publications targeted at women (aged 20-35), which featured East Asian cities for tourism from the late 90s. The "orientalism" discussed in this treatise has triple aspects as follows: the closeness to Asia, the admiration for the West, and the internalization of Westerners' eyes on Asia. At the same time, note that the consurmer culture of globalization makes the border meaningless.
著者
駒谷 真美 無藤 隆
出版者
日本マス・コミュニケーション学会
雑誌
マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)
巻号頁・発行日
no.67, pp.156-173, 2005-07-31

This study explored the developmental model of Japanese children's understanding of TV commercials, compared with the Western model of children's consumer behavior in two phases. A questionnaire was administered to 344 children in grades one, three and five. In addition, interviews were conducted with 18 children. The results reveal the lower-grades didn't understand the meaning, purpose and intention of commercials, the middle-grades was confused about them, and the higher-grades gradually considered them and had skepticism. The results suggest that the Japanese developmental model occurred in the above three phases, adapted to reflect the media literacy abilities of each target group.
著者
難波 功士
出版者
日本マス・コミュニケーション学会
雑誌
マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)
巻号頁・発行日
no.78, pp.19-33, 2011-01-31

In this paper I insist the increasing value of adopting media cultural studies, after I defined the media culture as peoples' ways of life surrounding by media based on the relative decline of situation of mass communication recently. And then as well as media cultural studies will refer to the recent condition of media actually, based on much wider perspective, I unfold the consideration about the essence of media and I also offer an opinion that they progresses by becoming both wheels.
著者
土屋 礼子
出版者
日本マス・コミュニケーション学会
雑誌
新聞学評論 (ISSN:04886550)
巻号頁・発行日
no.41, pp.184-199, 317-316, 1992-05-20

Following the publication of major newspapers addressed to the intelligentsia, there emerged a number of popular papers which were mainly directed toward the general public by the extensive use of furikana on the Chinese characters. These popular papers were relatively cheap and widely read, added an entertainment aspect to other papers, and functioned as a means of developing a new style of written Japanese. The ultimate objective of the present study is to clarify the development process of the new style of the language adopted by three representative popular papers, Yomiuri Shinbun, Tokyo Eiri Shinbun and Kanayomi Shinbun, during the period from 1875 to 1880. For this purpose, this study attempts to identify the nature and characteristics of regular readers by analyzing 8,352 letters from approximately 3,700 readers. Major findings of the present study are as follows: (1) Nearly half the letters were in fact contributed from regular readers, who accounted for a small proportion of the public. However, more than 70 percent of the contributors were residents of Tokyo, especially from the downtown sections of Asakusa, Nihonbashi, Fukagawa, and Shitaya. Of the 59 contributors for whom details could be ascertained, 57 were male and about half were merchants while the other half were of samurai origin and now professionally engaged in journalism or public service. (2) Regular contributors formed an informal support group for these papers and often gathered at the publisher in order to have direct communication. Their letters functioned as a source of news for other readers. More importantly, the conversation within the group was often directly written up as letters, thus preparing the way for the formation of a new style of written Japanese language.
著者
柴野 京子
出版者
日本マス・コミュニケーション学会
雑誌
マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)
巻号頁・発行日
no.73, pp.41-59, 2008-07-31

This study aims to examine the impact of distribution systems on publishing and reading in modern Japan. In analyzing the formation of bookstores from the Meiji through Showa periods, this essay considers the two major spaces within those stores - the bookshelf and the table - within their distinct historical contexts. While the use of bookshelves came from the West and formed an intellectual, and constructed space, traditional Japanese books for commoners were sold on tables placed outdoors to provide easy access to the masses. The modern "bookstore" integrated these two spaces, resulting in the formation of an intermediate class of readers.
著者
高木 利弘
出版者
日本マス・コミュニケーション学会
雑誌
マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)
巻号頁・発行日
no.75, pp.187-205, 2009-07-31

Book's digitalization should focus on the function and the purpose, more than on the appearance of the Book. The definition of the book is an information unit that has a random-accessible architecture to access data inside it, and also is an information technology that has a random-accessible architecture to access every information unit in the huge knowledge base of the entire books. According to the law of the IT history, IT develops from fragmentary to sequential, random-accessible, comprehensively random-accessible. We live in the age of sequential "Electronic scroll" now. The R & D of "e-Book as the IT" just started.