著者

原田 正純 高峰 武 村上 雅道 小林 直毅 大野 哲夫 山本 武利 大石 裕

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, pp.1-52, 2007

著者

松下 峻也

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, pp.145-163, 2018

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<p> In March 1954, when the United States tested a hydrogen bomb over the</p><p>Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands, the Daigo Fukuryu Maru, a Japanese fishing</p><p>boat, was exposed to the radiation. The crews of the boat suffered from</p><p>'acute illness', such as burns or loss of hair, within a short period of time, and</p><p>one of them died from leukaemia in September same year. This tragedy was</p><p>widely reported by the radio, the newspapers, the newsreels and the photo </p><p>journalism magazines, and ever since has been known as 'the Daigo Fukuryu</p><p>Maru Incident' in Japanese society. Yet, other Japanese fishing boats, the residents</p><p>of the Marshall Islands and the US soldiers who participated in the 1953</p><p>tests were also exposed to 'nuclear fallout' at that time. In such cases, the physical</p><p>effect of the radiation started to emerge much later, in the form of diseases</p><p>such as cancer. These effects, unlike the 'acute illness' of the Daigo Fukuryu</p><p>Maru crews, had been overlooked for decades by most of the media, with the</p><p>exception of very few TV programmes which documented their suffering. However,</p><p>these cases came to receive public interest after the Fukushima Daiichi</p><p>Nuclear Power Station Accident in 2011 and the following radioactive contamination</p><p>of large areas. It is in this context that the handful of past TV programmes</p><p>on the subject became important; in hindsight, by confronting the</p><p>'delayed effect', they were already describing the wider context of the radiation</p><p>exposure of the 'the Incident'. In that sense, these TV programmes, stored</p><p>and now open to the public as part of the archive of television; are important</p><p>resources not only for the re-examination of the incident; they also provide</p><p>significant implications for post-2011 Japanese society.</p>

著者

太田 美奈子

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, pp.165-182, 2018

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<p>This paper examines the reception of early television in rural Japan through</p><p>Sai village in the Aomori prefecture. While the first television station in Aomori</p><p>was founded in 1959, most Aomori residents had previously accessed the television</p><p>signal from NHK Hakodate( Hokkaido), established in 1957. The small fishing</p><p>village, Sai village, had the highest television penetration rate in Aomori at</p><p>that time and was known as a 'TV village'. Why did the people of Sai village</p><p>want television? What effect did this desire have? This paper aims to answer</p><p>these questions by tracing the evolution from the first arrival of television in</p><p>Sai village in 1957 to the wide spread availability of television in Aomori in</p><p>1959.</p><p> Interviews and archival documents show that educational motivations, and</p><p>specifically the desire to show the outside world to the children, were funda</p><p>mental to their choices. Through television education in school, the children's</p><p>education flourished and developed into television reception that went beyond</p><p>educational purposes. Matsunoyama village in Niigata prefecture also had a</p><p>similar television reception as Sai village. Sai village represents a key point of</p><p>reference for television reception in rural Japan in that its remoteness preserved</p><p>television's function as an educational visual aid. This paper goes beyond</p><p>the urban-centred narratives about early television reception by accounting for</p><p>the fact that villagers saw a potential for television beyond leisure in education,</p><p>and by exploring how the affirmation of television as leisure also opened up</p><p>children to outside worlds.</p><p> The children's reactions were in line with a McLuhan-esque view of television</p><p>and what happened in Sai village points to the key potentials of television.</p><p>This paper shows how rural areas had a rich television reception during the</p><p>early days of television. In addition, this paper represents the first steps</p><p>towards understanding an era in which television reception forms were still</p><p>mixed.</p>

著者

坂田 文彦

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, pp.41-46, 2018-01-31 (Released:2018-05-10)

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The comics market (fanzine exhibition and sale) known as ‘Gataket’ thatstarted in Niigata in 1983 can be described as a typical local business. Since1983, various local manga and anime businesses developed, such as the ‘NiigataManga Competition’, which is an innovative local government-led business, andthe founding of the ‘JAM Nihon Anime Manga Training School’. Gataket hasdeepened its ties with such businesses every time. In 2011, ‘Gatafest’, a mangaand anime festival held by the Niigata-shi, JAM and ‘Gataket’ was establishedand in 2013, the ‘Niigata Anime Manga Museum’ and ‘The Niigata City MangaHouse’ were established. These undergird the changeover of Niigata’s mangaand anime business, and highlight how the cooperation among the industry, academia,and the government has become the foothold for business expansion.This is the fruit of collaboration and wide connection within the anime andmanga industry, which has been fostered through the accumulation of knowledgeand skill seen in Gatakketto’s 34 years of history and cooperation amonglocal businesses. Therefore, for a business featuring local content originatingfrom regional areas, a steady and persistent effort like that of Gataket can playa significant role.

著者

浅岡 隆裕

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, pp.23-41, 2010-01-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

23

著者

大井 眞二

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

no.82, pp.35-66, 2013-01-31

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The Great East Japan Earthquake is the largest crisis Japan has faced since the end of World War II in 1945. In a world that has become more interconnected and interdependent, communication is increasingly dictated by the media, and disasters have become more common and oftentimes more catastrophic. The effects of disasters also exceed national boundaries through mediation and mediatization; the emotional and humanitarian impact of disasters as well as political responses to them also resonate around the globe. In addition to disasters, the mediation and mediatization of risks and crises have also occurred through the local and global flow of information in an increasingly global age. Risks and crises are also influenced by repeated news coverage and a flourishing social media. How are risks, crises, and disasters constituted in today's complex media environment and how do they become culturally meaningful and politically important? Not only are these valuable questions for journalistic practices, they also require an increased awareness and thoughtful consideration and should be addressed in journalism studies. This paper discusses these fundamental questions for journalistic practices and journalism studies which need to be answered in both a national and global context following the Great East Japan Earthquake.

著者

李 虎栄 金 京煥

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, pp.90-107, 2006-07-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

7

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Free newspapers are remarkable not only for the new business models they represent but also for their readership. They started as free commuter tabloids when existing newspapers were still pay-basis or when the paid newspapers were closed down. In Korea, it was in 2002 when free newspapers began to be distributed through transportations. In 2005, there were 9 free newspapers in Korea with the total circulation at 2.7 million. Most Korean free newspapers are published as tabloids or magazines. Seoul Metro and AM7 are smaller in volume with only 32 to 40 pages, while Daily Focus has up to 56 pages. Many readers of free newspapers are so-called 'new readers', who are young and did not read any newspapers in the past. Free newspapers highly depend on advertising revenues. In Korea's newspaper market, as for advertising, free newspapers at first had low intake levels. However, they have grown both in terms of volumes and shares of revenue. Free newspapers may hurt sales of traditional newspapers, weakening their existing standing in the market.

著者

戸江 哲理

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, pp.139-156, 2007-01-30 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

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How can the advice-giving be accomplished in the media? Answering this question, I apply conversation analysis, and, especially, membership categorization analysis to the advice-giving interaction in the popular television talk show. My points are threefold. (1) The trouble-tellers categorize themselves to make their troubles accountable for the guests. (2) The guests use categories as rhetorical resources in giving advices. (3) Sometimes a category-oriented advice is rejected by a trouble-teller who locates her trouble in the level deeper than the categorical one. We can observe that the accomplishment of interaction in categorical level may mask further details of the very trouble.

著者

李 津娥

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, pp.25-41, 2014-07-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

41

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Political advertising plays a significant role in conveying campaign information and constructing images of parties and candidates more directly than the news, the contents of which they have little or no control over. Political parties have prioritized traditional political communication, such as personal contact campaigning and wayside speeches. However, parties have come to rely more on political advertising as a result of the termination of the long-standing dominance of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) in the early 1990s. This paper outlines the historical development of political advertising from the emergence of political parties and their campaigning in the 1880s to the online campaigning during the 2013 House of Councilors election, focusing both on the change in the media environment and in election law. The current research also compares the contents and appeal of LDP and non-LDP political advertising in terms of issue presentation and image construction by analyzing political ads in newspapers and on television from 1960 to 2012. Overall, parties have placed emphasis on images over issues in their ads, and election campaigns have been dominated by governing parties. This tendency did not change at all in the online campaigns of the 2013 House of Councilors election. This paper also investigates issues in relation to online political campaigning, including concerns over targeted and tailored online political advertising and selective searches for information by voters that confirm their pre-existing political views, which in turn might decrease political tolerance.

著者

池田 謙一

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

新聞学評論 (ISSN:04886550)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.25-49,323-322, 1988

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The comeback of the concept of the "powerful mass media" in The 1970's has not been based on an extensive criticism of the "limited effect model". The logic of the active audience implied in the latter effect model hat not been defeated or denied by this new wave. At the same time, the logic of audience passivity in the former concept cannot be retained fully if we examine why we should take "contingency conditions" into consideration. Views of powerfully effective mass media should be reconcilable with the active audience concept. In order to discuss this possibility of reconcilability, the author introduces the viewpoint of "information behavior". This viewpoint argues that, while we should investigate the characteristics of media information, and examine the process in which this is generated, we should also emphasize the audience's active information-processing. In this paper, the author especially examines from this standpoint the logic of audience motivation on the cognitive-psychological level, for the logic of motivation has occupied a key position in the "limited effect theories" and "use and gratification studies", but this position has not been based on any clear and general logic. Regarding the auditor as an active information-processor implies that he is constantly motivated to predict the future and the outcomes of alternatives in advance depending on his mental simulation ability. And in order to do that, in other words, to make this "expectancy" successfully, he actively selects and interprets information from his outer world. The second basic characteristic of human activities is that any activity, whether it is actual behavior or mental simulation, is more or less centrolled by three standards, i.e. causal appropriateness, needs suitability, and executability. Based on the arguments above, the hypothesis of selective exposure to information was examined. The auditor is not just one who seeks only cognitively consistent information, but also is an active information seeker who is motivated by firm belief, even if he is urged to expose himself to dissonant information. Our hypothesis is that this firm belief is formed by the three selection standards mentioned above, that is, selective exposure to and selective reliance on any information is performed in accordance with these standards. We have much supportive evidence already. We should also recognize that there exists "non-active" selectivity stemming from objective availability of media information or from non-intentional information-processing proclivities of the audience. Next, we have examined the logic of "use and gratification studies" from the same viewpoint, after proposing a new typology of information needs. Gratification behavior to satisfy any information need is controlled by expectancies generated by contents provided by the media. But ironically enough, this very active behavior to gratify promotes media or program dependence. This is a paradox in which audience active behayior leads to media or program dependency, and which is consistent with the contention of "powerful mass media" concept.

著者

鍵本 優

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, pp.57-72, 2006

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The audience has been caught from the passive / active audience to the diffused state of audience image by the socio-cultural positions. However, the present approach is only to discuss the semantic interpretations of the contents of media. In this paper, the audience experience about "passivity of shock" is mentioned. It is connected with the view of "body as a field." And by reconsidering the perspective that grasps audience / image, it is argued critically that the conventional "passivity" cannot deal with the problem of "passivity of shock." Furthermore, this paper proposes the direction in which "passivity" concept is reconsidered.

著者

鍵本 優

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, pp.105-123, 2018

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<p> Digital games occupy a big position in today's media culture. The early</p><p>Japanese culture of home digital games partly developed with content intended</p><p>to scare the player. The frightening experiences that are involved in playing</p><p>such games have been often talked about by the players, even if the games were</p><p>not necessarily of the horror genre. However, conventional Japanese digital</p><p>game studies cannot explain these social facts of the frightening experiences</p><p>sufficiently.</p><p> The purpose of this paper is to deal with the theoretical problem mentioned</p><p>above. By considering the frightening experiences in Japanese games</p><p>concretely, this paper submits a novel and effective theoretical and cultural</p><p>interpretation of the experience in digital games as media. It is a 'fear not to</p><p>fade away' arising from gaming practices that this paper notices in particular.</p><p> This paper is written with the following method and procedure. Firstly,</p><p>this paper checks the framework of the conventional theory of experiences in</p><p>digital games( Section 1). Secondly, the problem of this framework is examined</p><p>in detail by way of discussing the frightening experiences( Section 2). Then, in</p><p>order to manage this problem, this paper considers the concrete cases of playing</p><p>AVGs(Adventure Games) and RPGs(Role Playing Games) in the Japanese</p><p>game culture (Section 3). Finally, conclusions are derived from the previous</p><p>discussion and considerations( Section 4).</p><p> The conclusions of this paper are as follows. Firstly, the media theory of</p><p>experiences in digital games should pay attention to the player's mental, bodily</p><p>and sensorial self-transfer to the media. Secondly, in Japanese society around</p><p>1990, the cultural development of digital games with many narrative elements</p><p>(in particular in AVGs and RPGs) necessarily produced the possibilities of</p><p>"being shocked" experience.</p>

著者

鍵本 優

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

no.66, pp.74-90, 2005-01-31

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The paper attempts to relate two modes of enjoying music for audience. One is identifying with others or ideas through interpreting about the meaning. The other is the identification toward nothingness through the textural reception of sounds. The way of discussion is to reconsider the body of audience as a field theoretically. This paper suggests that there are four directions of enjoying music with the change of the image of a body. In conclusion, the experience of music audience is that the multilayer images of a body are changing and being connected with each other in the process of reception.

著者

岡部 慶三

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

新聞学評論 (ISSN:04886550)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.225-228, 1960-03-30 (Released:2017-10-06)

著者

竹下 俊郎

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, pp.6-18,204, 2002

被引用文献数

1

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In this article, I discuss three issues of theoretical importance that recent media agenda-setting research faces. First, what is the nature of the dependent variable of the agenda-setting hypothesis (that is, perceived salience or importance of public issues) in terms of cognitive psychology? Does it mean an automatic response caused by the accessibility bias, or is it based on a more thoughtful, judgment? Second, is it possible that the concepts of attribute-agenda setting and framing be converged or reconciled? Third, will the agenda-setting role of mass media survive the rapidly changing media environment? In other words, will the consensus-building function performed by news media be sustained?

著者

石田 佐恵子

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, pp.67-89, 2009-07-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

42

著者

大井 眞二

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, pp.294-296, 2010

著者

岡村 黎明

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

新聞学評論 (ISSN:04886550)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.34-46, 1973

著者

殿木 圭一

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

新聞学評論 (ISSN:04886550)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.134-136, 1976-08-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

著者

池上 賢

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, pp.109-127, 2014-01-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

27

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This paper examines perspectives for studying audiences in the complex media environment in contemporary society. First, I point out the following three changes in the media environment: transition to a ubiquitous society, diversification of information, and the use of two-way communication in the media. Next, based on the review of past audience studies, I point out the importance of audience identity. In past audience studies, audience identities were studied as identities of specific social groups. In this paper, however, I argue that such a perspective is inadequate for understanding the relationship between the media and audience identity in contemporary society; in order to analyze multi-faceted identities in contemporary society, it is necessary to adopt an alternative perspective. For this reason, I propose a perspective that focuses on narratives about audiences' media experience and studies how identities are constructed in such narratives. Then, based on the proposal, I review the following two analysis perspectives: First, I present a spectacle/performance paradigm. This paradigm assumes that individuals present their identities through their media experience. Identities are analyzed as narratives that are created for other individuals. Secondly, I present the perspective of ethnomethodology as an approach for analyzing narrations that cannot function as narratives. This perspective analyzes methods used by individuals to achieve actions. In this perspective, identities are resources presented by narrators to achieve interaction. These two perspectives study identities not as characteristics assigned by researchers to audiences, but as characteristics constructed by audiences themselves. In conclusion, I argue that the use of these two perspectives makes it possible to study complex and diversified audience identities in the media environment in contemporary society.