著者

佐々木 智也

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.18-22, 2021-09-30 (Released:2021-12-14)

参考文献数

6

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A being with multiple arms has been a fascinating motif that stimulates people’s imagination and has been expressed in myths, fiction, and creations from all over the world for a long time. On the other hand, it has only been in the last decade that attempts to engineer multiple arms attaching to the human bodies have been made in earnest in academics. In this paper, three studies are introduced that we have conducted so far on human augmentation using robotic arms, aiming to freely control the third and fourth arms. Based on the findings obtained through each research, we discuss the possible approaches to increase the number of arms by engineering and the issues involved.

著者

福岡 正彬

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.27-31, 2021-09-30 (Released:2021-12-14)

参考文献数

16

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In robotics, developments are in progress to enhance the physical and cognitive capabilities of humans by technologically extending the human body. The method of mapping the degrees of freedom of the operator’s arms and legs to the operating commands has been developed to control an extended body such as a wearable robot arm. On the other hand, the method has the limitation that the freedom of the operator’s limbs is constricted. Because the movements of the limbs are mapped to the actions of the wearable robot arm. In this article, a research project is introduced that uses virtual reality, wearable sensing technology, and machine learning to map human head movements and facial expressions to control an extended body that can be independent of the actions of human limbs.

著者

山崎 晃男

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.25-28, 2016-09-30 (Released:2016-10-25)

参考文献数

11

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Music often moves us and provides great pleasure. The origins of this ability of music remain a mystery. Recently, an increasing number of studies have proposed evolutionary theories of human musicality, although several researchers deny the adaptive value of music. In this paper, the origins of the pleasure that music provides were discussed in terms of human evolution and cultural adaptation. A possibility in which both evolutionary and cultural adaptation resulted in the pleasure of music was shown. Next, the relationship between music and visual stimuli was focused on. Owing to the development of music devices and the Internet, music is heard increasingly with visual stimuli, like background music in everyday life, films, drama, dance, computer games, music videos, etc. Based on the author's findings on the cross-modal effects between music and visual stimuli, the pleasure of listening to music with visual stimuli was discussed. It was emphasized that the meaning of music is strengthened, changed, and multi-layered by visual stimuli when it is enjoyed with the visual stimuli.

著者

苧阪 直行

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.14-19, 2016-09-30 (Released:2016-10-25)

参考文献数

16

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We showed how conscious mind works on the social brain which controls the multiple intentional mind. Our current model assumed the cognitive and social brain network make the social consciousness working together. Specifically, working-memory-based and default-mode-based brain networks make social mind by contrasting self and other's mind under cognitive coordination and competition. We discussed this brain mechanism in terms of recursive function of the self awareness.

著者

高尾 沙希

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.115-116, 2023-03-31 (Released:2023-06-16)

著者

苧阪 直行 矢追 健

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.184-191, 2015-09-30 (Released:2015-12-26)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1

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Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is the way to study neural correlates of consciousness involving perception, memory, learning, thinking and affection through measuring cardio vascular response using the principle of nuclear magnetic resonance. By estimating differential functions between oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin in the blood, we can calculate BOLD signals and obtain a brain image which indirectly suggest brain's local activation induced by the current task. It should be noted that the activation images are assumed not direct evidence reflecting brain's neuronal activities. Moreover, we briefly discussed on the parameters for imaging, image analyses using SPM and restraints on the participant.

著者

眞嶋 良全 中村 紘子

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.40.24, (Released:2022-04-12)

参考文献数

36

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With the expansion of psychological studies conducted online, researchers show greater interest in the quality of the data collected from online studies. Factors that may compromise the data quality include lack of control of environmental variables, nonnaïveté due to repeated participation, and reduced attention to the study materials. In this study, we examined the possibility that type of device and the presentation format of study materials may compromise the quality of responses. An online study with a total of 1,005 crowd-workers (PC=485, mobile=520) revealed that mobile devices were associated with less attentive responses. Results also showed that mobile devices tended to elicit relatively inconsistent responses to psychological scales, specifically when combined with the multiple presentation formats, in which all items of the scale were presented at once. The results suggest that the importance of considering the type of device and the format of information presentation in the future studies conducted online. Future research in this domain should further address factors that may lower the quality of data, such as demographics.

著者

小杉 考司

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.167-173, 2019-03-31 (Released:2019-05-18)

参考文献数

24

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In this paper, I clarify the problem of null hypothesis significance testing along with Kruschke (2014) and point out five advantages of Bayesian statistics. First, it is not necessary to convert data for NHST. Second, additional assumptions or corrections are not required. Third, there is no need for any preliminary design of the verification plan. Fourth, the Bayesian approach allows an intuitive interpretation of results. Fifth, the sample size does not cause critical problems. Beyond these advantages, Bayesian statistics can be used alongside frequentism and likelihoodism methods. Finally, I argue it is necessary in science communication to clearly express the researcher’s premise as a prior distribution or likelihood function.

著者

中響 子 米満 文哉 山田 祐樹

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.36.5, (Released:2017-09-20)

参考文献数

16

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Facial attractiveness is influenced by various personal and environmental factors. The present study investigated whether the gender environment surrounding observers affected facial attractiveness judgments. Students at single-gender (58 females) and mixed-gender (59 males and 46 females) universities participated in the experiment. Each of 15 male or female faces was morphed, respectively, with a female or male averaged face derived from the other 14 female and male faces, resulting in feminized and masculinized faces. Observers were simultaneously presented with one masculinized and one feminized morphed face and asked to judge which was more attractive. The results showed that students at a women's university judged feminized male faces as significantly more attractive than did students in a coeducational university. The present findings suggest that adaptation to female faces in a single-gender environment increases the processing fluency of female faces, therefore inducing higher preference.

著者

中村 哲之

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.96-101, 2014-09-30 (Released:2014-11-26)

参考文献数

40

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Visual illusions in animals are important to study because they magnify how the perceptual system in each animal works. This paper reviews comparative studies on visual illusions in birds (pigeons and bantam chickens) and humans. Not only similarities but also dissimilarities in the perception of illusory figures between these animals have been shown, suggesting that the same physical environments may induce different visual worlds among the species.

著者

中島 美里 森 将輝 板口 典弘

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.42.6, (Released:2023-12-06)

参考文献数

27

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The present study aimed to investigate whether the laws of isochrony and homothety hold for Japanese characters by measuring handwriting movements using a liquid crystal display tablet. The law of isochrony means that handwriting time is constant regardless of handwriting size. The law of homothety means that the time required for each character is consistent regardless of the overall time required during continuous handwriting. The twenty-two participants made three shapes, four hiragana characters (Japanese phonetic alphabets),and four kanji characters (Chinese characters) on a tablet at various sizes and speeds. Total handwriting time was longer when character size increased for all character types. This result suggests that the law of isochrony does not hold for Japanese character types. When the characters were written sequentially, the partial handwriting time ratio was indefinite and, varied by character. This result suggests that the law of homothety might not hold for some characters. In summary, this study suggests that the spatiotemporal dynamics of handwriting in Japanese differ by character.

著者

小林 穂波

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.63-68, 2022-09-30 (Released:2022-12-16)

参考文献数

23

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Optimal foraging theory is a branch of behavioral ecology. This specific set of models tackles questions about how an animal should perform a behavior in a prey-searching situation. In this article, I argue that cognitive psychologists can also benefit from using visual foraging tasks to study human behaviors when searching for visual information. Specifically, by modeling information about the search environment as a gain function and incorporating it into the model, the model of optimal patch use can be used to predict human search behavior. The use of such modeling is expected to lead to the development of visual search research by more clearly defining the assumptions and theory of the behavior to be examined. I also note that the activities of young researchers in cognitive modeling have been particularly remarkable in recent years, and further development is expected in the future.

著者

大畑 龍

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.256-258, 2022-03-31 (Released:2022-06-17)

参考文献数

7

著者

澤 幸祐

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.213-214, 2022-03-31 (Released:2022-06-17)

著者

鳥居 修晃 望月 登志子

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.60-72, 2020-09-30 (Released:2020-11-18)

参考文献数

35

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We examined the process of learning to see 2-dimensional forms, 3-dimensional solids and short distance in eight congenitally or early blind patients who acquired varying degree of sight after surgery. When we first asked them to recognize geometric solids such as cube, cylinder, cone and tetrahedron by using vison, it was found that this task was too difficult for them, even though they had the visual ability to identify 2-dimensional forms. The learning processes involved in attaining successful discrimination and identification are described here. The front distance of them became estimated mostly by the size of object at last. This study reveals the difficulty in transitioning from 2-dimensional discrimination to a 3-dismensional knowledge base.

著者

景山 望

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.142-148, 2017-03-31 (Released:2017-06-07)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1

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In practice, it is difficult to estimate cognitive functions owing to the location and lack of tools for measurement. Therefore, it is restricted to the use of items on cognitive function that we are able to investigate. Multiple application software can be installed on a tablet-computer. Therefore, it could be a useful tool for assessing cognitive function without depending on the measurement environment. In this review, we examined psychological studies that used a tablet-computer to assess cognitive functions in the workplace. Additionally, we discussed the usability of a tablet-computer as a tool for assessing cognitive function in various environments.

著者

中島 定彦

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.36-47, 2014-09-30 (Released:2014-11-26)

参考文献数

85

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This paper reviews the last 50 years of experimental and theoretical research on Pavlovian conditioning in animals. It is the history of the movement from simple “spit-and-twitch” psychology to information processing views of associative learning. In 1962, Egger and Miller reported a pivotal study suggesting that information value is important in establishing an effective conditioned stimulus. In the late 1960s, Wagner, Rescorla, and Kamin published historic research papers demonstrating the importance of information value (i.e., predictability of the forthcoming significant event) by showing new phenomena in Pavlovian conditioning: relative cue validity, contingency effect, and associative blocking. The Rescorla–Wagner model came on stage in 1972 to explain these phenomena and successfully predicted new phenomena, although this model had some shortcomings. Subsequent theories of Pavlovian conditioning have challenged to deal with these shortcomings, and the recent theoretical development is linked to computational modeling in a variety of ways.

著者

平石 界

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.113-116, 2017-09-30 (Released:2017-12-07)

参考文献数

23

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Looking back at my own staggering research history, I will discuss and reflect on why and how people should forge their own identities as a researcher in psychological science.

著者

佐藤 駿 中沢 仁

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.45-52, 2015-09-30 (Released:2015-12-26)

参考文献数

18

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Human time perception is known to be distorted by adaptation to visual motion stimuli. Many studies have investigated time perception distortion and its underlying mechanisms, but their results have been inconsistent. This may be because they have used different adaptation durations, as it is known that time duration can affect visual processing levels. Previous studies have elucidated how time perception is distorted under adaptation conditions of a few seconds or much longer, but have not investigated this distortion under shorter durations. Therefore, we investigated how time is distorted and how time perception mechanisms are affected under short adaptation durations (e.g., <2 s). We found that a short duration produced a characteristic time distortion. In addition to orientation selectivity, we confirmed a transient effect on time perception distortion. These results suggest that visual processing concerning orientation selectivity contributes to time perception, and that transient components of the adaptation effect are useful for investigating the mechanisms of adaptation-based perceived time distortion.

著者

Fumiya Yonemitsu Kyoshiro Sasaki Yuki Yamada

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.psychono.42.2, (Released:2023-11-28)

参考文献数

31

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Positive valence links to one’s upside and dominant hand/side, whereas negative valence is associated with one’s downside and non-dominant hand/side (i.e., space-valence metaphor). Previous studies have indicated that the effect of the vertical-valence metaphor is more salient than that of horizontal-valence metaphor. Furthermore, this difference in saliency may be related to whether the experimental task is related to rapid reaction and reaction time (RT), which reflects processing fluency. The present study empirically examined these hypotheses by conducting RT (Experiment 1) and non-RT (Experiment 2) tasks (i.e., a detection task in which rapid reactions were required and a pointing task, respectively). We found that the effect of the vertical-valence metaphor occurred in the experiments, while the typical impact of the horizontal-valence metaphor was not found in either. Our findings suggest that the effect of the vertical-valence metaphor is salient, whereas the impact of the horizontal-valence metaphor is not robust. Moreover, this difference in saliency was independent of the type of experimental tasks.