著者

小川 時洋

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.31-35, 2002-09-30 (Released:2016-11-18)

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This study investigated the nature of visual orienting triggered by gaze perception using the spatial cuing procedure in research of spatial attention. A schematic face looking left or right was used as cuing stimuli to induce visual orienting. Pupils of the face were removed except at cuing. Participants were asked to locate the target appeared left or right of the face. Stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between a cue and the target was also manipulated. For the relatively short SOAs (100 ms, 300 ms), the response time to the target was faster when the direction of the gaze was consistent with that of the target than when it was not. For the long SOAs (700 ms, 1000 ms), on the other hand, a small but significant amount of inhibition of return (i. e., a slowing response toward the gaze-congruent target) was observed. Some theoretical implications for the nature of gaze perception and spatial attention were discussed.

著者

中 響子 米満 文哉 山田 祐樹

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.50-55, 2017

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<p>Facial attractiveness is influenced by various personal and environmental factors. The present study investigated whether the gender environment surrounding observers affected facial attractiveness judgments. Students at single-gender (58 females) and mixed-gender (59 males and 46 females) universities participated in the experiment. Each of 15 male or female faces was morphed, respectively, with a female or male averaged face derived from the other 14 female and male faces, resulting in feminized and masculinized faces. Observers were simultaneously presented with one masculinized and one feminized morphed face and asked to judge which was more attractive. The results showed that students at a women's university judged feminized male faces as significantly more attractive than did students in a coeducational university. The present findings suggest that adaptation to female faces in a single-gender environment increases the processing fluency of female faces, therefore inducing higher preference.</p>

著者

池田 新介

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.156-159, 2009-09-30 (Released:2016-12-01)

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Based on Ikeda et al. (2009), I discuss whether interpersonal differences in body mass are related to those in time discounting and its anomalies reported in behavioral economics. The effects of time discounting on body mass index (BMI) and the probabilities of being obese, severely obese, and underweight are detected by incorporating three properties regarding time discounting: (1) impatience, measured by the level of the respondents' discount rates; (2) hyperbolic discounting, where discount rates for the discounting of immediate future choices are higher than those for distant future choices; and (3) sign effects, wherein future negative payoffs are discounted at a lower rate than are future positive payoffs. The results imply that body mass is determined as an outcome of intertemporal decision makings, so that it can be affected by controlling in the intertemporal structure of medical care costs and the price of a calorie.

著者

服部 友里 渡邊 伸行 鈴木 敦命

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.38.6, (Released:2019-09-10)

参考文献数

52

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It has recently been reported that a person’s face is perceived as more attractive when presented in a group than when presented alone. This phenomenon is called the cheerleader effect. To distinguish this effect from classical assimilation and contrast effects, this study examined if it was observable when similarly attractive faces were presented in a group. It also explored whether the cheerleader effect was modulated by the combination of the observer and face gender, considering that there are well-known gender differences in face processing. In each trial of the experiment, participants rated the physical attractiveness of a target face that was presented alone or together with two different faces. In the latter type of trial, the three faces were of the same gender and were of similar attractiveness. The cheerleader effect was successfully replicated in the present experimental setting, and the size of the effect was particularly large when female participants rated male faces. These findings indicate that the cheerleader effect may occur through mechanisms that are different from assimilation and contrast with surrounding faces, and that the effect is subject to modulation by both observer and face gender.

著者

関口 貴裕

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.135-136, 2001-03-31 (Released:2016-11-17)

著者

渡辺 茂

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.60-61, 1993-08-31 (Released:2016-11-12)

著者

河原 純一郎

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.159-163, 2011-03-31 (Released:2017-04-15)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

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Cognitive psychologists have likened attention to a limited resource or capacity to account for recognition performances under dual task circumstances. Some theorists use this analogy of limited resource to account for the attentional blink phenomenon, in which perception of the second of two targets embedded in a rapid stream of nontargets is impaired; they argue that the attentional blink reflects scarcity of available resource for the first target due to the resource depletion by the first target processing. Some other theorists propose an alternative explanation in which the attentional blink results from on-line selection mechanisms that act in response to distracting input, rather than being the result of first-target-induced cognitive resource depletion. The present article reviews recent arguments between these theories and introduces some new findings suggesting that selection mechanisms involved in filtering for targets provide a strong and coherent explanation of the attentional blink.

著者

蔵屋 鉄平 小森 政嗣 澤 幸祐

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.241, 2014-03-30 (Released:2016-12-01)

著者

中谷 和夫

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, 1996

著者

山田 祐樹

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.165-166, 2019-03-31 (Released:2019-05-18)

参考文献数

4

著者

森 将輝 渡辺 利夫

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.37.3, (Released:2018-12-06)

参考文献数

37

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People are generally unable to correctly determine the fixation point from the gaze direction when facing another person. This study investigated this tendency from the viewpoint of the anisotropy of space. Experiment 1 showed that compared with the physical space, the gaze perceptional space was 1.227 times larger laterally and 0.516 times narrower sagittally, suggesting that the gaze perceptional space has an orthotropic property. Furthermore, this space had an anisotropic property in the oblique direction. In Experiment 2, the space was constructed from the verbal cues of distance and angle, with the same size as the physical space in Experiment 1. Compared with the physical space, the space constructed from the verbal cues was 0.866 times larger laterally and 0.783 times narrower sagittally. These results show that the gaze perceptional space differs from the space constructed by verbal cues in terms of the degree of anisotropy. They also suggest that gaze direction was not judged on the basis of quantitative verbal representation concerning distance and angle.

著者

石井 太一 本吉 勇 蒲池 みゆき

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, 2013

著者

永原 直子

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, 2001

著者

浅野 倫子 横澤 一彦

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.29-37, 2007-09-30 (Released:2016-12-01)

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To explore effective proofreading methods this study focused on the characteristics of professional proofreaders and control participants who were not proofreading professionals. In an anomalous word detection task the performance of the proofreaders was better than control participants (Experiment 1). However, this better ability of proofreaders to detect anomalous words may not be due to lexical knowledge because the estimated vocabulary of the two groups was approximately the same. In the Stroop color-word task only the control participants demonstrated Stroop interference (Experiment 2). The change detection performance of the proofreaders was better than control participants in a change blindness task (Experiment 3). This better change detection ability, and the lack of interference in the Stroop test, suggests that proofreaders inhibit interference from destructive information and can conduct an exhaustive search for anomalous words. These characteristics of a high-level vision are regarded as keys for effective proofreading.

著者

川越 敏和

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.148-154, 2017-09-30 (Released:2017-12-07)

参考文献数

47

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Many reports have associated aging with deterioration in a number of cognitive functions. These reports have also demonstrated the beneficial effect of physical fitness on cognitive function, especially executive function. Here, studies related to cognitive-physical association in older adults are reviewed and I also report our recent studies for such association. In our study, we utilized task-based and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques. The mechanism of the relationship between physical fitness and cognitive function could be further investigated by functional brain network.

著者

山口 真美

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.47-52, 2016-09-30 (Released:2016-10-25)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1

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In this paper we discuss two topics of infants' studies. First is typical and atypical development of face processing. There are many studies on the atypical social development, especially infants' development with high risks is current topic in developmental disorders. In these studies under 12 month olds who have an older sibling diagnosed with the disorder were selected for high-risk infants. Many studies have documented that impairments of the face processing was found in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). And recently, abnormal development of a subcortical system originates in the magnocellular pathway of the primate visual system was primary trigger to impairments of higher visual processing. McCleery, Allman, Carver, & Dobkins (2007) reported that contrast sensitivity of the high-risk infants exhibited greater than that of normal infants. Second topic is development of face processing. In these studies we found similarity in the developmental pattern between languages and face processing. Further, we discuss importance for infant's learning faces in poor resolution. Infant's face learning model showed that poor image faces (low-pass faces) made facial learning easily, additionally this low-pass face learning could generalize to process the normal faces. In a sense, infant's poor acuity decreases the information in the face processing during infancy and this promote face learning.

著者

中野 泰志

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.206-207, 2018-03-31 (Released:2018-06-16)

著者

小松 英海 境 敦史 増田 直衛

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心研 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.2, 2012

著者

池田 華子

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.244-245, 2005-03-31 (Released:2016-11-22)

著者

立花 恵理 御領 謙

出版者

日本基礎心理学会

雑誌

基礎心研 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, 2010