1 0 0 0 OA 雷公藤に含まれるロイコトリエンD_4拮抗物質
- 著者
- 諸田,隆
- 出版者
- 日本生薬学会
- 雑誌
- Natural medicines
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.49, no.4, 1995-12-20
Roots of Tripterygium wilfordii has been long used in China for treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lups erythematosus (SLE) and Bechet's disease, chronic nephritis, allergic conjunctivitis and rhinitis, and asthma. However, not many studies have been made on its clinical effects. We previously isolated nine diterpenoids and 17 triterpenoids from the heartwood and bark of the plant. In the present report, we examined the inhibitory activities of these constituents on leukotrien D_4-induced smooth muscle contraction which is considered to be involved in the pathology of asthma. Seven diterpenoids and ten triterpenoids were found to be quite active in this assay.
中国市場に出回っている漢薬・絡石藤は主として絡石Trachelospermum jasminoides (LINDL.) LEM. (Apocynaceae)または〓〓Ficus pumila L. (Moraceae)のいずれかを基原植物とし,その茎葉が薬用に用いられている.一方,中隼人民共和国薬典は絡石藤の基原植物にT. jasminoidesの一種のみを規定している.絡石藤の効能はいずれを基原とするものも同じとされ,〓風止痛,咽喉腫痛,行〓止血,通経絡などに用いられ,〓風湿薬に分類されている.これは西洋医学での抗炎症,鎮痛,解熱,血液循環促進,免疫調整などの作用に相当するものと考えられている.著者らは前報で痛風に関連するXanthine oxidase阻害活性を調べ,基原植物を異にする絡石藤にはその生理活性に相違があることを見いだした.すなわちT. jasminoidesを基原とする絡石藤の葉部にとくに高い阻害活性が認められその活性はフラボノイド成分のapigenin, luteolin, luteolin-4'-O-β-D-glucosideに基づくことを報告した.今回は絡石藤の効能に該当するスクリーニング試験として,抗炎症作用,活性酸素産生抑制作用,血小板凝集抑制作用および絡石藤を瑞息型慢性気管支炎に用いるとの報告もあることから気管平滑筋弛緩作用についての検討を行った.
- 著者
- 雷 振環 矢原 正治 台 宝山 田 瑞華 滝口 靖憲 野原 稔弘
- 出版者
- 日本生薬学会
- 雑誌
- Natural medicines = 生薬學雜誌 (ISSN:13403443)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.49, no.4, pp.475-477, 1995
- 参考文献数
- 8
- 被引用文献数
- 2
From the leaves of Poacynum hendersonii, six phenolic compounds were isolated and identified as quercetin, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-sophoroside, isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside, syringaresinol and (+)-pinoresinol 4-O-glucoside, by direct comparison with the authentic samples.
1 0 0 0 OA 漢薬・葛花の生薬学的研究(第1報)
- 著者
- 久保 道徳 勝城 忠久 長尾 孝治 水野 瑞夫 大橋 広好
- 出版者
- 日本生薬学会
- 雑誌
- 生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.31, no.2, pp.136-144, 1977-12-20
The Chinese crude drug so called "Gehua" has been used for the treatment of crapulence as a folk medicine in China, Formosa, Korea and Japan. The original plant of this was considered to be the flower of Pueraria spp. in Leguminosae. Four kinds of "Gehua" on Chinese, Formosan, Korean and Japanese markets, were taken as the materials. To clarify their origins, we studied external and internal morphological characters of Pueraria spp. collected in Hong Kong, Formosa and Japan. The main characters of them are shown in TABLE I. Consequently, the origins of "Gehua" on Chinese market are proved to be Pueraria chinensis OHWI, the Formosan ones are P. montana MERRIL., and Korean and Japanese ones are P. lobata OHWI. Chinese Pueraria flower which contains kakkatin (=6, 4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-isoflavone) is identified as the flower of Pueraria chinensis.
1 0 0 0 OA 漢方医学における「冷え症」の認識とその治療
The concept of "Hie-sho" (chillphobia) was reviewed with special reference to its diagnostic criteria, occurrence patho-physiological aspects and treatments. Questionnaire studies revealed that about 70% of female and about 50% of male patients visiting our clinic were suffering from "Hie-sho." This disorder was investigated patho-physiologically by using ultra-red thermography, core temperature thermography, and the microscopic video system. The results showed tha "Hie-sho" was closely related to disturbance of micro-circulation and its regulatory system. In traditional Kampoh medicine, "Hie-sho" has been interpreted as imbalance between three important factors, i.e., vital energy, blood and water. The cognition of the imbalance and the relevant Kampoh treatments were also reviewed in detail.
1 0 0 0 OA 中国における中薬の研究の進展と概況
The recent progress of researches on Chinese traditional medicine is reviewed. During the past thirty years since the establishment of People's Republic of China, the research of traditional drugs has been directed mainly to the following themes. 1) Collection and evaluation of thousand years' experiences in traditional medicine. 2) Investigation and estimation of natural resources of drug materials. 3) Development of manufacturing technique. 4) Improvement of processing technique. 5) Improvement of drug preparation technique. 6) Researches on preventive medicine and therapeutics. 7) Researches on the classical theory of nature of drugs.
Twentythree crude drugs and related plants were examined for their anticoccidial activity by the use of the experimental coccidiosis in chicken. The activity was found in the dry leaves and calyxes of some Hydrangea plants. As the active components of H. macrophylla subsp. macrophylla forma macrophylla, febrifugines were isolated which have been known to be contained in Dichroa febrifuga and H. umbellata. However, although the febrifugines in the latter two plants were reported to be mainly trans, in the H. macrophylla plants, cis-febrifugine was found to be a major component and the trans-counterpart, a minor component. Furthermore, the cis-isomer showed no anticoccidial activity in chicken even at the concentration level of 25 times the effective dose (3 ppm, IE=100) of the trans-isomer.
1 0 0 0 OA センブリの栽培研究(第1報) : 発芽について
The methods of cultivation of Senburi-plant are not made clear yet. As one of the difficulties of cultivation is concerned with seed germination, authors studied the effects of soil moisture and amount of light on the germinability of seeds, using various nets which have different degrees of light-inter-ception. Germination test carried out in 1973 and 1974. Seeds were sown on the beds covered with above-mentioned nets in the shape of tunnels. The germinating ability of old seeds were tested, too. Tunnel covering of nets could prevent the penetration of light and wind into the seed bed, and then, soil moisture were held in stable conditions. Covering with Kurare-victoria lawn Black No. 600 and Daionet Black No. 600 of which the rates of light-interception were 50% and 50% respectively, were most suitable for the seed germination. When the rates of light-interception were higher than above, the germination percentages were worse and seeds germinated slowly, according to the low temperature of soil which occurred by the lack of the light, in spite of abundance of soil moisture. The plots of no cover and covering with Kurare-victoria lown White No. 300 of which the rate of light-interception was 23% showed the worst germination, soil moisture being unstable. Seeds stored in the natural seasoning did not germinate at all next year. But, some of seeds sown in the soil which did not germinate in the 1 st year germinated next year.
1 0 0 0 OA 中国の生薬"毛麝香"について
The anonymous chinese crude drug used in Formosa as a folk remedy of poliomyelites was studied. The Original plant of this drug was identified to be Adenosma glutinosum (L.) DRUCE belonging to Scrophulariaceae after comparative study with herbarium specimens. The etymology of vernacular nomenclature is also discussed.
1 0 0 0 中国の生薬"毛麝香"について
The anonymous chinese crude drug used in Formosa as a folk remedy of poliomyelites was studied. The Original plant of this drug was identified to be Adenosma glutinosum (L.) DRUCE belonging to Scrophulariaceae after comparative study with herbarium specimens. The etymology of vernacular nomenclature is also discussed.
- 著者
- 荒金,眞佐子
- 出版者
- 日本生薬学会
- 雑誌
- 生薬學雜誌 : shoyakugaku zasshi : the Japanese journal of pharmacognosy
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.62, no.2, 2008-08-20
This study identified that the plant origin of Harmala seeds was Peganum harmala L. by cultivation of seeds in the package. Peganum harmara was glabrous, perennial herbaceous 30-60 cm. Hairless. Leaves were alternate, deeply and irregulary pinnatisect, with widths of 1.5-3 mm, and a disagreeable odor when rumpled. Opposite to leaves were solitary white flowers with green veins. Capsules 7-10 mm. Angular brownish seeds bearing alveolate structure on surface and the longer axis x the minor axis : 2.9-3.3 mm x 1.5-1.8 mm. Peganum harmala contained harmine and harmaline, members of the beta-carboline chemical class; both are potent reversible inhibitors of the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO). Harmine ranged 27.2-105.9 mg/g while harmaline ranged 55.8-119.2 mg/g in the seeds, and harmine ranged 27.5-34.4 mg/g while harmaline range 0.4-0.5 mg/g in the roots. When we judge the Harmala seeds used as abuse drugs, it is necessary to confirm the following: the dimensions of the longer axis and the minor axis, the brown to blackish brown color, the triangular shape, the small concave structure appearance observable with a substance microscope or a scanning electron microscope, and harmine and harmaline analysis by TLC or HPLC.
- 著者
- 鈴木 幸子 福田 達男 荒金 眞佐子 吉澤 政夫 森本 陽治 安田 一郎 伊田 喜光
- 出版者
- 日本生薬学会
- 雑誌
- 生薬學雜誌 : shoyakugaku zasshi : the Japanese journal of pharmacognosy
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.60, no.1, pp.28-31, 2006
In order to realize the cultivation of Asiasarum sieboldii from the seed, the growth condition of the embryos and germination conditions of the seeds were studied. Although the embryos of the seeds soon after harvest were immature and undifferentiated, they grew to differentiate into cotyledons and radicles during storage in wet sand at room temperature, and germinated with rooting 120 days after harvest. The optimum temperatures for growth of the embryos and the germination of the seeds were shown to be 15-20℃, whereas more than 90% success rate was obtained in about 60 days on the germination test in petri dishes. On the other hand, the optimum temperature for seedling emergence is thought to be 8-10℃, since the germinated seeds planted in a sowing bed sprouted in the early spring after lower temperature in winter.
1 0 0 0 OA ウスバサイシンAsiasarum sieboldii F. Maekawaの発芽特性
- 著者
- 鈴木,幸子
- 出版者
- 日本生薬学会
- 雑誌
- 生薬學雜誌 : shoyakugaku zasshi : the Japanese journal of pharmacognosy
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.60, no.1, 2006-02-20
In order to realize the cultivation of Asiasarum sieboldii from the seed, the growth condition of the embryos and germination conditions of the seeds were studied. Although the embryos of the seeds soon after harvest were immature and undifferentiated, they grew to differentiate into cotyledons and radicles during storage in wet sand at room temperature, and germinated with rooting 120 days after harvest. The optimum temperatures for growth of the embryos and the germination of the seeds were shown to be 15-20℃, whereas more than 90% success rate was obtained in about 60 days on the germination test in petri dishes. On the other hand, the optimum temperature for seedling emergence is thought to be 8-10℃, since the germinated seeds planted in a sowing bed sprouted in the early spring after lower temperature in winter.
1 0 0 0 西洋ハーブ「チェストベリー」の性状について
- 著者
- 酒井 英二 飯田 修 川原 信夫 邑田 仁 佐々木 隆宏
- 出版者
- 日本生薬学会
- 雑誌
- 生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:13499114)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.69, no.2, pp.48-52, 2015-08
Chasteberry, the fruit of Vitex agnus-castus, has been used in Europe from ancient times for medicinal purposes, and is described in De Materia Medica by an ancient Greece physician, Pedanius Dioscorides. Currently, chasteberry is listed in European pharmacopoeia and its medicinal products are widely distributed in the European market. A Japanese regulation on the marketing authorization application for pharmaceutical products including those with European herbal drugs as their active ingredients was promulgated by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in March 2007, and a pharmaceutical product containing chasteberry has been put on the market recently. Since there are several crude drugs derived from the plants belonging to the same genus as chasteberry, the morphological investigation of chasteberry has been performed in order to differentiate it from other crude drugs of the same genus.
1 0 0 0 OA 日本産ハチミツの粘度について
The color tone and viscosity of the Japanese honey was examined. The nearly maximum chromaticity of the Japanese honey was 580〜590 mμ represented by CIE system. The viscosity of the honey between 20 to 45 was related to the temperature and the content of the water, as the following equation: W=(-0.87t+91.5)/(logη) where, W, water content (%); t, temperature (℃), and η, viscosity(centi poise) respectively.
- 著者
- 平田,規子
- 出版者
- 日本生薬学会
- 雑誌
- 生薬學雜誌 : shoyakugaku zasshi : the Japanese journal of pharmacognosy
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.62, no.2, 2008-08-20
On the basis of a literature search on classical Chinese herbal and medicinal books and recent Chinese medical and pharmaceutical journals, I selected several crude drugs which have been used for the treatment of alopecia, thermal burn, benign prostatic hyperplasia, tonics, and dandruff prevention. Testosterone 5α-reductase inhibitory activity of the selected crude drugs and other randomly selected crude drugs was assayed to find novel agents for treatment of androgenic alopecia. The ethanolic solutions of Schisandra chinensis BAlLLON (五味子), Spatholobus suberectus DUNN (鶏血藤), Polygonum bistorta L. (拳参), Lygodium japonicum (THUBN.) Sw. (海金砂), Psoralea corylifolia L. (補骨脂), Myrica rubra SIEB. et ZUCC. (揚梅皮), Cornus officinalis SIEB. et ZUCC. (山茱萸), and Paeonia suffruticosa ANDR. (牡丹皮) showed strong inhibition of the enzyme activity.
- 著者
- 守屋 明 屠 鵬飛 唐澤 傳英 有馬 博 出山 武 氣賀澤 恭子
- 出版者
- 日本生薬学会
- 雑誌
- Natural medicines = 生薬學雜誌 (ISSN:13403443)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.49, no.4, pp.383-393, 1995-12-20
- 参考文献数
- 17
To identify the botanical origin of the commercial Chinese crude drug "Roucongrong (肉〓蓉)," a pharmacognostical study of genus Cistanche plants in Asia was carried out. In this study, the morphological and anatomical characteristics of specimens of three Cistanche species (C deserticola, C. tubulosa and C. salsa) from China and other Asian countries, and six commercial samples of the crude drug from China were examined. The results were as follows: (I) These three species could be distinguished from each other by the arrangement of vascular bundles in the transections of the stems, the morphology of vascular bundles in the scale leaves and the external morphology of the seeds. (II) C. tubulosa from China and Pakistan differ from each other in the size of plants and the longitudinal arrangement of vascular bundles in the stems and the scale leaves. (Ill) Six crude drug samples from Neimenggu, Ningxia and Xinjiang provinces of China were shown to be derived from either C. deserticola or C. tubulosa.
1 0 0 0 OA 薬用植物栽培における使用農薬の実態調査(第1報) : 中国産チンピの使用農薬
- 著者
- 山口,茂治
- 出版者
- 日本生薬学会
- 雑誌
- 生薬學雜誌 : shoyakugaku zasshi : the Japanese journal of pharmacognosy
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.65, no.1, 2011-02-20
We investigated agrochemicals which were actually being used for cultivation of Citrus Unshiu peels in 5 prefectures in China. As a result, varieties of agrochemicals were found at each cultivating farm. Therefore, we further conducted a test for residual pesticides on Citrus Unshiu peels from 4 cultivating districts in China. Although a number of pesticide residues was detected, their amounts were one-fourth or less of their maximum residual limits in spices under the Japan Food Sanitation Law.
Methanol extracts of Myrobalan (1), knots of Wisteria brachybotrys (2), fruits of Trapa japonica (3) and Coix seed (4) were assayed for their inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activations by a short term in vitro assay in which lymphoblastoid cells (Raji) latently infected with EBV were used. The EBV activation by 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and teleocidin B was inhibited markedly by 1 and 2 but only weakly by 3. Coix seed (4) was found to show a significant in vitro cytotoxic effect on the Raji cells. The methanolic extracts from four mixtures of the crude drugs i.e., 1 and 4, 2 and 3, 2 and 4, and 2, 3 and 4, gave more enhanced inhibitory effects on EBV activation, with less cytotoxicity. These inhibitory effects on EBV activation suggested that these crude drugs possess antitumor promoting activities.