著者

小松 かつ子 伊藤 親 劉 王萍 難波 恒雄

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

Natural medicines = 生薬學雜誌 (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.137-147, 1995

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1

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The Chinese crude drugs "Huajiao (花椒)" and "Jiaomu (椒目)," and the Japanese crude drug "Sansho (山椒)" are derived from mature fruit of genus Zanthoxylum plants of the Rutaceae family. "Huajiao" and "Sansho," are prepared from the pericarp, and used as an aromatic stomachic and "Jiaomu," is from the seed, and used as a diuretic. A market survey of these crude drugs in China and Japan, showed that there are samples of apparently different external morphologies, suggesting that there are samples of different botanical origins. To clarify the original plants of such crude drugs, a pharmacognostical study was made. This paper deals with the origins of "Sansho" in the Japanese market. Comparative anatomical studies were performed mainly on the pericarps and seeds of Z. piperitum, two kinds of Z. piperitum f. inerme (Asakura-zansho and Budo-zansho), Z. armatum var. subtrifoliatum, Fagara mantchurica, F. ailanthoides by optical and scanning electron microscopy, which showed that they could be distinguished from each other by the following characteristics: in the pericarp, the length of equatorial circumference, thickness of pericarps and endocarps, diameters of oil sacs, micro figure of cuticle and the number of epidermal cells over oil sacs on surface view; in the seed, the diameters of epidermal cells on surface view, the rate of inner sclereid layers in the outer seed coat, etc. The commercial samples examined were identified as a mixture of slightly immature pericarps of Budo-zansho and Asakura-zansho in a ratio of 9 : 1 or 6 : 4, a mixture of slightly immature pericarps of Z. piperitum, Budo-zansho and Asakura-zansho in a ratio of 8 : 1 : 1, or mature pericarps of Z. piperitum only.

著者

堀井 聰 野口 友昭 松井 勇作 渡辺 順明 後藤 実

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.2, pp.91-94, 1960

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In the course of studies on antibiotic components of plants, an antibacterial pigment was isolated from the outer bark of the root of "Tsuru-ume-modoki" (Celastrus orbiculatus THUNB.) after finding that a 50 % methanolic extract of the root of the plant had antibacterial activity. The pigment was identified as celastrol, which had been isolated from the root bark of Celastrus scandens by O. Gisvold. Further the pigment was found to have not only antibacterial but also antifungal and antitumor activities. Investgation was also carried out on some plants of the genera Tripterygium and Euonymus.

著者

渡辺 武 後藤 実

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.35-37, 1953-01-01

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The quantitative determination of essential oil and cinnamic adlehyde was caried out on the leaves, bark of trunks, bark of branches, bark of roots of the Cinnamomum Loureirii Nees (Lauraceae) collected in Wakayama and Kagosima prefecture in Japan, and on the Cassia barks collected abroad (and brought to the market in Japan.) The determination was effected acordig to the method provided in J. P. V. with scant material a satisfactory result was obtained by the use of the essential oil extracting apparatus devided by the present authors or micro cassia flask. The quantity of essential oil and cinnamic aldehyde the collection. But as far as the bark of roots is concerned, the quantity compares favoures favourably with that of the Cinnamornum Cassia Blume, if the bark is fresh or stored in good condition. The refore, the bark of roots of the Cinnamoum Ioureirii Nees collected in Japan is valuable as vegetable drug.

著者

益富 寿之助

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.2, 1957-12

著者

井上 和秀 池永 敏彦 大橋 裕

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.99-105, 1977-06-20

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山口県秋吉台で採取したセンブリSwertia japonica MAKINO種子を1ヵ月おきに60日間低温(2°湿潤状態)で処理し,1975年2月から4月まで月1回は種した.また,対照として無処理(室内保存)種子を1974年12月から1975年4月まで月1回低温処理と各月の同じ日には種した.試験は鉢を用いて,ファイロンハウス内でおこなった.1)発芽は2月まきでよく,4月まきはひじょうに悪かった.2)発芽への低温処理の効果は3月まきと4月まきにあらわれ,発芽はよくなかった.3)生存個体数は1月〜3月まきで多かったが,なかでも2月まきがやや多くなる傾向があった.4)生長への低温処理の効果は3月まきと4月まきの1年生植物にあらわれたが,1年生の終わり頃からなくなり始め,2年生植物にはまったくみられなかった.5)鉢あたりの収量は4月まき無処理で少なかったが,あとの区間には差がなかった.6)暖地でのは種適期は1月〜2月といえるが,なかでも2月が最適時期といえそうであった.

著者

和田 啓爾

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬學雜誌 (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.3, pp.195-203, 1996-06-20

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From edible and medicinal plants, several active principles that affected the metabolizing enzyme systems were isolated. A toxic substance, 4-0-methylpyridoxine (MPN), responsible for "gin-nan food poisoning" was isolated from the seeds of Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae). MPN causes food poisoning through not only antagonizing vitamin B_6 (in the body) but also inhibiting the formation of 4-aminobutanoic acid (GABA) from glutamate in the brain. The MPN levels in the sera of the patients with gin-nan food poisoning may be determined by HPLC, which may be used for chemical diagnosis of gin-nan food poisoning. Two characteristic terpenoids, bilobalide and ginkgolide A in G. biloba, shortened the anesthetics (hexobarbital and urethane, i.p.) induced sleeping time in mice. Bilobalide has an anticonvulsant effect, especially on the MPN-induced convulsions. Those effects are considered to be due to induction of the hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme (cytochrome P450), by repeated oral administration of bilobalide. Several limonoids from the citrus plants shortened the sleeping time induced in mice by urethane, and induced the liver glutathione S-transferase (GST) in mice. The relationship between the structures and the effects of limonoids on both sleeping time and induction of liver GST was discussed. Columbin from columbo root and β-caryophyllene and α-humulene from Pinus densiflora also affected the sleeping time induced in mice by anesthetics. Their effects on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes were also studied.

著者

田川 智恵 中澤 慶久 田頭 栄治郎 上田 太郎 山口 康代 大原 豊実 鬼塚 重則 西部 三省

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬學雜誌 (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.3, pp.117-120, 2005-06-20

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In order to clarify the mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of Eucommia leaf (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) extract (ELE), ELE was partitioned into two fractions, water eluted fraction (H_2O ext.) and methanol eluted fraction (MeOH ext.)(Eueommia leaf glycoside), by using a Diaion HP-20 column. The antihypertensive effects of ELE and two fractions were investigated by their intravenous (i.v.) administration to SHR. Transient antihypertensive effects were shown in ELE and MeOH ext. and their effects were respectively attenuated by i.v. injection of atropine, suggesting that the antihypertensive effects of both ELE and MeOH ext. might be mediated via the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. On the other hand, H_2O ext. showed the sustained antihypertensive effect which was not attenuated by i.v. injection of atropine. This result suggested that two types of components which have different mechanisms of antihypertensive effect are contained in ELE.

著者

徐 国鈞 徐 珞珊 田中 俊弘

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.4, pp.287-291, 1984-12-20

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Method for the identification of powdered crude drugs, when not mixed with other crude drugs, has already been established. However, many of the Chinese patent medical preparations often include mixtures of several powdery crude drug ingredients. For the identification of individual ingredients in such powdery mixtures, microscopic method may advantageously be used as it requires only a small amount of specimens. In this paper, effectiveness of this method will be exemplified by the identification of the ingredients in niuhuang shangqing wan (牛黄上清丸) which contains 19 powdered crude drug ingredients.

著者

Hashimoto Takaharu Aga Hajime Tabuchi Akihiko Shibuya Takashi Chaen Hiroto Fukuda Shigeharu Kurimoto Masashi

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬學雜誌 (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.6, pp.518-520, 1998-12-20

被引用文献数

3

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An ethanol extract from Brazilian propolis had antibacterial activity on Helicobacter pyroli, from which two active fractions were obtained by silica gel column chromatography. From one fraction, an anti-H. pylori compound was isolated which was identified as 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (p-coumaric acid: 1), and from the other fraction, 3-prenyl-4-hydroxy-cinnamic acid, 3-prenyl-4-dihydrocinnamoloxycinnamic acid, and 3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid were isolated, whose anti-H. pylori activities expressed as the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in μg/ml, were 15.6〜31.3, 62.5, 125, and 250, respectively. 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives are likely to be major anti-H. pylori compounds in Brazilian propolis.

著者

長沢 元夫 久田 陽一 露木 真澄

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.1-5, 1964-01-20

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A clear distinction between Tinnevelly Senna and Alexandrian Senna by histological anatomy was found. The best way to find the distinction is the comparison by the degree of development of fibres in bundle of the costa. For that purpose, the leaflets of about 2 cm. in length were used. It was no good to use the leaflets less than 1 cm. and more than 3 cm. in length. We got positive proofs that the anatomical figure of Tinnevelly Senna after A. Tschirch which had been quoted in many textbooks of Pharmacognosy is not typical. It was characteristic of Italian Senna and Aden Senna that both their costa are not prominent under the leaflets and the cell wall of the base of hair is not so thick.

著者

布目 慎勇 難波 恒雄

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.32-45, 1984-03-20

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A description on the crude drug, "Diding" (地丁), appeared in Tai-Ping-Sheng-Hui-Fang (太平聖恵方) of the ancient chinese herbal literature (Song dynasty). Since then, a variety of plants have been used as "Diding" and their botanical sources of "Diding"s are uncertain in the literatures published before Zhi-Wu-ming-Shi-Tu-Cao (植物名実図考). In the modern literatures 50 or more species (28 genus of 14 families) are described as the botanical sources of "Diding"s. They were Viola spp. (Violaceae), Amblytropis spp. (Leguminosae), Corydalis spp. (Papaveraceae) and Polygala spp. (Polygalaceae). "Zihuadiding" (紫花地丁), "Diding"s with violet flowers, described in Ben-Cao-Gang-Mu and Ben-Cao-Yuan-Shi (本草原始) seems to be derived from Amblytropis spp. In Zhi-Wu-Ming-Shi-Tu-Cao, four "Zihuadiding"s are described. One of them is the "Zihuadiding" as cited from Ben-Cao-Gang-Mu. Others seem to be Viola spp., Polygala spp. and Scutellaria spp. (Labiatae).

著者

萩原 義郎 小西 逞夫 黒川 信夫 橋本 庸平 立花 陽子

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.47-50, 1974-06-20

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A new method for the determination of d-phyllodulcin in Sweet Hydrangea by fluorometric measurements was established. After its seperation from other constituents by TLC and exposed to ultraviolet ray of 263.5 mμ, the d-phyllodulcin portion seperated by TLC gives blue fluorescence. By measurment of fluorescence intensity, d-phyllodulicin is determined quantitatively in concentration range of 1.0-4.0 μg/ml.

著者

國方 敏夫 河野 恵三 牛尾 慎平 木村 英人 小川 智史 福田 恵温

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬學雜誌 (ISSN:13499114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.43-49, 2011-02-20

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Polyphenolic compounds have been shown to have growth inhibitory action on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Previously, we demonstrated that seed shells of the Japanese horse chestnut (Aesculus turbinata BLUME) are rich in polymerized polyphenol compounds. In this study, we have examined the effects of polyphenolic compounds from the seed shells of the Japanese horse chestnut on adherence of H. pylori to MKN 45 cells, a human stomach cancer cell line. Polyphenolic compounds, which are composed of monomeric forms of (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin and polymeric proanthocyanidins, reportedly inhibited the colony formation of H. pylori on agar plates (minimal inhibitory concentration: 180μg/ml). Interestingly, the polyphenolic compounds also inhibited adherence of H. pylori to MKN 45 cells at concentrations that showed no growth inhibitory action on H. pylori. When the polyphenolic compounds were further fractionated by gel filtration chromatography depending on the degrees of polymerization, fractions including polymeric proanthocyanidins exhibited higher inhibitory effects compared with a fraction containing lower-molecular weight compounds. MKN 45 cells reportedly produced IL-8 spontaneously, and IL-8 production was increased by H. pylori infection. We found that polymeric proanthocyanidins significantly and dose-dependently reduced the H. pylori-induced IL-8 production as well as the spontaneous IL-8 production. Our results raise the possibility that polymeric proanthocyanidins contained in the seed shells of the Japanese horse chestnut may prevent infection and inflammatory responses by H. pylori.

著者

Namba Tsuneo HATTORI MASAO TSUNEZUKA MASA YAMAGISHI TAKAYOSHI KONISHI KENICHI

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3, pp.222-227, 1982-09-20

被引用文献数

1

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By the agar dilution technique, magnolol and honokiol, the components of Magnoliae Cortex, were demonstrated to have antibacterial activity against various strains of gram-positive bacteria, including Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Peptococcus sp., Peptostreptococcus sp., Micrococcus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Eubacterium sp., Bifidobacterium sp. and Clostridium sp. with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 12. 5-25 μg/ml, but not against those of gram-negative bacteria. Both compounds were strongly bactericidal against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus etc., which were killed within 2. 5 mins in contact with the solutions of 100μg/ml.

著者

宮沢 洋一 萩原 博司

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.152-159, 1975

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The methods of cultivation of Senburi-plant are not made clear yet. As one of the difficulties of cultivation is concerned with seed germination, authors studied the effects of soil moisture and amount of light on the germinability of seeds, using various nets which have different degrees of light-inter-ception. Germination test carried out in 1973 and 1974. Seeds were sown on the beds covered with above-mentioned nets in the shape of tunnels. The germinating ability of old seeds were tested, too. Tunnel covering of nets could prevent the penetration of light and wind into the seed bed, and then, soil moisture were held in stable conditions. Covering with Kurare-victoria lawn Black No. 600 and Daionet Black No. 600 of which the rates of light-interception were 50% and 50% respectively, were most suitable for the seed germination. When the rates of light-interception were higher than above, the germination percentages were worse and seeds germinated slowly, according to the low temperature of soil which occurred by the lack of the light, in spite of abundance of soil moisture. The plots of no cover and covering with Kurare-victoria lown White No. 300 of which the rate of light-interception was 23% showed the worst germination, soil moisture being unstable. Seeds stored in the natural seasoning did not germinate at all next year. But, some of seeds sown in the soil which did not germinate in the 1 st year germinated next year.

著者

高野 伊知郎 瀬戸 隆子 安田 一郎 浜野 朋子 高橋 奈穂子 渡辺 四男也

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.70-73, 1993-03-20

被引用文献数

1

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牛黄清心九は,鎮痛鎮静,抗けいれんの目的で用いられる中国製漢方製剤(中成薬)である.本剤は宋の「大平恵民和剤局方」を出典とし,29種の生薬末からなり,鉱物性生薬である「朱砂」及び「雄黄」を配合しているといわれる.「朱砂」及び「雄黄」は,いずれも水銀(Hg)及び砒素(As)の硫化物であるが,Hg及びAsの毒性は化学形によって大きく異なることが知られている.我が国では「朱砂」配合製剤は,水銀製剤とされ,現在製造されていない.また,Asについても薬剤としての使用は大半が中止されている.しかし,中国では「朱砂」及び「雄黄」配合製剤は各地で製造され,その使用量も少なくない.また,製剤によってはこれらの配合記載が無いものもあり,その配合量も一定ではない.そこで,中国各地で市販される本剤中のHg及びAsの含有量を明らかにし,その化学形について解析を行った.

著者

木本 哲夫 山本 祐規子 日野 恵子 古谷 聡美 阿賀 創 橋本 貴治 花谷 利春 新井 成之 池田 雅夫 福田 恵温 栗本 雅司

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

Natural medicines = 生薬學雜誌 (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.72-79, 1999

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

5

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From the plant commonly known as Indigo Plant (Polygonum tinctorium Lour., Shimane, Japan) , Tryptanthrin was isolated which had cytotoxic effects on malignant tumor cells. The cytotoxic effects on human solid cancer cells, leukemia cells, murine glioblastoma cell, colon cancer and malignant melanoma cells in vitro were assayed. Tryptanthrin induced remarkable necrotic and apoptotic changes in the malignant tumor cells.

著者

橋爪 崇 田中 敬子 直川 和弘 山下 善樹 野口 衛

出版者

日本生薬学会

雑誌

生薬學雜誌 (ISSN:13403443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.5, pp.385-389, 1998-10-20

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From 41 cultivars of medicinal Paeonia lactiflora harvested in 1991, twelve cultivars, which gave higher root yield and more beautiful flowers, were selected, and these cultivars were cultivated for four years from 1992 to 1996. The root yield and the paeoniflorin and tannin contents in these cultivars harvested in 1996 were compared with those parent cultivars harvested in 1991. It becomes clear that the root yield was considerably affected by the weather and other cultivation conditions, whereas the amounts of chemical components were less affected. A significant correlation was observed between the paeoniflorin content and the tannin content in the root. It is possible to obtain a better cultivar by repeating the same procedure.