著者

李 〓泰

出版者

日本経営学会

雑誌

日本経営学会誌 (ISSN:18820271)

巻号頁・発行日

no.17, pp.75-86, 2006-09-01

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This study examines the effects of dissected country of origin (CO)-country of assembly (CA), country of component (CC) and country of design (CD)-and consumers' usage experience for the product class on consumer brand evaluation (beliefs and attitudes) of digital cameras. Although many studies of country of origin effects have been reported, few have addressed the multidimensional concept of the country of origin variable. Country of origin may include concepts such as "Designed in," "Assembled in" or "Part made in" due to the rapid increase of today's global products. As for consumers' product experience, previous studies show that it has a salient influence on consumers' product evaluations. This study employed a 2(CA) X 2(CC) X 2(CD) design for experienced group (255 students) and non-experienced group (260 students). Utilizing the brand CANON (Digital Camera), the treatments of CA, CC and CD were positive for Japan and negative for China respectively. Empirical results show as follows; first, all CO related cues had a direct influence on beliefs and attitudes regardless of consumer experience for the product class. Second, there was a salient difference between experienced and non-experienced group on the utilization of three CO related cues. Respondents of non-experienced group showed a marked tendency to take account of a specific cue (CD) especially on their evaluations. On the other hand, respondents of experienced group showed a tendency to take account of three cues overall. Finally, three-way-interaction among CA, CC and CD showed that a negative effect of CA (CO) was offset when CC and CD were all positive. These results may suggest a strategic implication that negative CO effect may be controlled by the appeal of positive CC and CD.

著者

井關 十二郎

出版者

日本経営学会

雑誌

經營學論集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.九一-一五四, 1931-09-01

著者

長岡 克行

出版者

日本経営学会

雑誌

經營學論集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, pp.二七五-二八一, 1990-09-01

著者

柳町 功

出版者

日本経営学会

雑誌

日本経営学会誌

巻号頁・発行日

no.5, pp.77-89, 2000-05-30

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It is the aim of this paper to review the backgrounds and features of corporate restructuring that has been undertaken in Korean big business groups, or chaebol, in 1990's. We can explain the traditional structure of Korean chaebol from two features such as absolutely closed ownership by founder on his family, and highly diversified business structure. Through recent corporate restructuring we can confirm that traditional features in Korean chaebol has been changing. Corporate restructuring can be explained from two aspects such as "inside" factors and "outside" factors. As inside factors, for example, we can point out two major changes, such as the wealth inheritance and distribution among the chaebol families, and aggressive restructuring drive aimed for the world best company. And as outside factors we can consider stepped up the Kim Dae-jung administration's policy for chaebol reform. In the last two years after the onset of Korea's IMF crisis, many chaebols have successfully overcome the worst recession through painful reforms. But among the largest five chaebols, the Daewoo group, which was famous for its "globalization strategy" and "emperor-management style" by chairman Kim Woo-choong, collapsed in the summer 1999. In the top-four chaebol, the Samsung group is undisputedly the best "role model" in Korea's corporate restructuring drive. Samsung's corporate restructuring can be explained from the two aspects above mentioned. Other groups, Hyundai, LG, and SK are also highly estimated in their successful restructuring efforts by President Kim Dae-jung and the government. In early January 1998, President-elect Kim Dae-jung and five tycoons of Korean largest chaebols agreed to drastically reform their business practices. The five-point accord, which became the main targets of President Kim's chaebol-policy, was as follows: to hold chaebol leaders more accountable for their managerial performances, to boost managerial transparency, to improve their financial health, to focus on core businesses and to eliminate loan guarantees among affiliates. And at the end of August 1999, President Kim has started new three reform programs. These new measures are aimed at restricting the chaebol's control of the non-banking financial sector, barring them from circular cross-unit equity investment and inside trading and checking illegal inheritances and the transfer of wealth among chaebol family members. As a whole, these government-pressured policies are very severe. But the most important point is not the government policy but the chaebol's understanding of crisis and their positive attitude for reforming themselves in order to survive intensifying global competition.

著者

柴田 明

出版者

日本経営学会

雑誌

日本経営学会誌 (ISSN:18820271)

巻号頁・発行日

no.21, pp.3-14, 2008-04

著者

會澤 綾子

出版者

日本経営学会

雑誌

日本経営学会誌 (ISSN:18820271)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.18-31, 2022-12-20 (Released:2023-12-23)

参考文献数

43

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There is a case to be made for organizations adopting ethical norms; it has been shown to be seen as legitimate even when it is symbolic. Institutional isomorphism means that the organization type is the same; it does not necessarily mean that the organizational activities are also homogeneous. In this study, I conduct a comparative analysis of the impact of institutional isomorphism and the diversity of organizational activities using the compliance system. The eight companies that were selected vary in size and industry and are isomorphic in terms of their type, but their organizational activities are diverse; these are divided into first-stage activities such as regulations, second-stage activities such as education and training, and third-stage small-group activities conducted at site. Five of the eight companies have brought about changes in their organizational activities in response to past scandals, which are of three types: (1) systems improvement, (2) elimination of misconduct, and (3) company-wide response. However, two of the five companies that had implemented systems development and elimination of misconduct reported yet another incident. The behavior that was reported was not a clear-cut deviation from the norm, and it is highly likely that the individuals involved do not consider their behavior to be deviant or errant. While some corrupt practices are clear violations of the norm, there are others that are difficult to categorize as such and fall into a grey area. Hence, there should be diversification of activities within the organization to prevent a range of corrupt practices, which is possible even in an isomorphic system.

著者

谷口 諒 高田 直樹 村瀬 俊朗

出版者

日本経営学会

雑誌

日本経営学会誌 (ISSN:18820271)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.32-46, 2022-12-20 (Released:2023-12-23)

参考文献数

60

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Innovation starts with creative ideas. While creativity and innovation have been separately studied, a growing body of work examines the process of creativity leading to innovation. There are a variety of problems in that process. One of them is the selection of creative ideas. Some experimental studies have shown that idea selection is a difficult task due to the cognitive tendency of individuals. This difficulty is exacerbated for managers since their cognitive resources are limited. If managers fail to correctly perceive and select highly creative ideas among many alternatives, creativity does not lead to innovations. Thus, as prior literature does, idea selection by managers is worth examining. However, idea selection by idea generators matters as well. Since the pool of ideas that managers evaluate consists of ones that idea generators propose, organizations cannot enjoy their employees' creativity if idea generators fail to select highly creative ideas among those they generate. Although this possibility has been mentioned in existing studies, little attention has been paid to idea selection by idea generators, in particular teams, that generated those ideas. In this paper, we develop a theoretical model of team idea selection, focusing on the diversity of members, psychological safety, and psychological ownership. While the former two concepts have been shown to contribute to idea generation (creativity), we argue that those can impede effective idea selection. Moreover, psychological ownership can lead teams away from proper evaluation and selection of creative ideas. Our model implies the potential difficulties and paradoxes in selecting ideas that idea generator teams can face.

著者

鈴木 修

出版者

日本経営学会

雑誌

日本経営学会誌 (ISSN:18820271)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.47-61, 2022-12-20 (Released:2023-12-23)

参考文献数

54

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It often is assumed that cognition of decision makers mediates influences of organizational slack on various phenomena observed at organizations, including innovation, risk taking, and organizational growth. However, the mediating role played by managerial cognition per se is rarely examined empirically. Accordingly, irrespective of rich empirical support for associations between organizational slack and various organizational phenomena, we have yet fully understood underlying mechanisms of influences of organizational slack. Furthermore, it also is left underexamined whether the association between organizational slack and organizational phenomena is an indication of causal relationships in that the former is an antecedent of the latter. We aim to address this dearth of research by empirically examining whether managerial attention mediates influences of organizational slack on organizational growth. Our empirical analysis of the Japanese textile industry between 2004 and 2020 shows that attention of decision makers on external issues mediates the relationship between organizational slack and organizational growth. Specifically, we show that organizational slack is negatively associated with external attention of decision makers, while the external attention is positively associated with organizational growth. Our analyses address potential endogeneity of organizational slack to provide robust support for the hitherto unvalidated rationale employed by the prior work. The competitive mediation uncovered by our analysis may also help us to explain contradictory influences of organizational slack, or one of the unresolved questions in the research of organizational slack.

著者

尾﨑 浩一

出版者

日本経営学会

雑誌

日本経営学会誌 (ISSN:18820271)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.62-76, 2022-12-20 (Released:2023-12-23)

参考文献数

27

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This study focuses on the direction of “exploration” and “exploitation” of ambidextrous management to improve business performance under limited business resources in a market that requires policy-oriented “exploration” efforts, and set the research question as “What is the direction of firms' ambidextrous management efforts under limited business resources in the policy-oriented market?”. By focusing on Stadtwerke, small and medium-sized energy companies in Germany, which are precedent cases in a market-oriented toward full liberalization of energy retailing and the exploration of renewable energy, this study examines how to tackle “exploration” and “exploitation” to improve business performance. The analysis of the derived hypotheses shows that the company's performance can be improved by “exploration” and “exploitation”. The following conclusions (1) to (4) were obtained from the analysis of the derived hypotheses. (1) In a market that requires exploration despite limited management resources, the less effort is made into exploration, the lower the performance of the company is. (2) In a market that requires exploration despite limited management resources, the more imitatively a company follows the business efforts of a large-scale predecessor that is in the practical stage of successful exploration, the less likely it is to improve its performance. (3) In a market that requires exploration despite limited management resources, the more exploration efforts are made using technologies in the practical stage, the better the performance of the company in question is. (4) In a market that requires exploration despite limited management resources, efforts are made to explore advanced technologies, and the performance of the company in question becomes low. The contribution of this research is that by adding the perspective of “under the certain directional market environment” to the previous research on “ambidextrous management”, it is possible to show that even businesses with limited management resources can improve their performance by not only pursuing “exploitation” through the framework of their existing business but also by engaging in “exploration” using technologies that are in the practical stage.

著者

谷口 勇仁

出版者

日本経営学会

雑誌

經營學論集 第79集 日本企業のイノベーション (ISSN:24322237)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.119-131, 2009 (Released:2019-09-25)

著者

水野 由香里

出版者

日本経営学会

雑誌

日本経営学会誌 (ISSN:18820271)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.82-93, 2013-11-20 (Released:2017-08-01)

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This study examines the requirements for the retention of collective strategy among multiple companies without profit reciprocity. In general, the joint order system, which is a collective strategy method, has collapsed because it results in conflicts of power and interests among members. In such cases, members use the system only to generate profits; thus, the joint order system becomes a zero-sum game. However, there are some cases, like Kyoto Shisaku Net, where the joint order system has proven successful. The success of such a system can be attributed to relationship building with the intent to improve the ability to yield valuable results and maintain a non-zero-sum standpoint. Through the case study of Kyoto Shisaku Net, we confirmed three major requirements that need to be fulfilled if the joint order system is to be retained as a collective strategy. First, members must share the purpose of the joint order system as a collective strategy. However, an important addition to this fact is that the members should consider the joint order system as an opportunity to explore and exploit, rather than use it just to earn profits. Second, members should acquire different unique technologies, which will enable them share their roles and expertise. This, in turn, can help evade the possibilities of cannibalization, power opposition, and system collapse. Third, as an extension to the first point, mechanism to control and avoid opportunism should be embedded in the system. On one hand, members contribute to the joint order system by paying annual fees and performing their duties. On the other hand, they receive returns in the form of an enhancement in the dispatch and collection of information as well as scope of proposal development, an improvement in personal skills, strengths, and competitiveness, better possibilities of skill conversion on possession of technologies, and increased creativity, all of which will be helpful for running their companies' businesses in future. Thus, the results obtained by participating members are based not just on independent efforts, but on a collective strategy.

著者

髙橋 淑郎

出版者

日本経営学会

雑誌

經營學論集 第88集 公共性と効率性のマネジメント─これからの経営学─ (ISSN:24322237)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.6-15, 2018 (Released:2019-06-17)

被引用文献数

1

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本稿は,わが国で非営利組織としての病院経営を,私的病院の経営を中心にして,これまでの先達の研究成果を踏まえ,わが国の医療制度の特徴を確認し,さらに先進諸国の医療における患者や医療サービス提供者の変化を明らかにした。その上で,医療における医療価値研究から病院価値研究への動きを把握し,現在および将来に向けて医療経営で,バランスト・スコアカード(BSC)およびその発展形であるSustainable BSC(SBSC)の有用性を論理的に示した。すなわち,SBSCは,持続可能性コンセプトの3つの次元すべてを,その戦略的重要度に応じて統合するBSCであることを示したことで,BSCからSBSCへの病院経営の方向を示した。これらの議論より,本稿で議論した病院価値を理解し把握した病院経営者が医師であれ,非医師であれ,払底している現状を確認し,戦略経営実践の枠組みが作れる,リーダーシップを持った人材の育成が急務であることを示した。

著者

井上 善海

出版者

日本経営学会

雑誌

日本経営学会誌 (ISSN:18820271)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.69-72, 2016 (Released:2017-10-02)

著者

内田 大輔 芦澤 美智子 軽部 大

出版者

日本経営学会

雑誌

日本経営学会誌 (ISSN:18820271)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.59-72, 2022-08-25 (Released:2023-08-26)

参考文献数

29

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Business creation through the founding of new firms can drive significant economic growth, just as business creation by established firms can. Hence, fostering startups is indispensable for economic development. In Japan, since the beginning of the 2010s, much attention has been paid to startups, and their business environment has changed dramatically. One of the most distinctive changes is the emergence of accelerators, which originated in the United States in the 2000s and support startups in multiple ways. In response to the growth of the practical interest in accelerators, academic research on this subject has been accumulating in recent years. However, prior research fails to find consistent results regarding how accelerators aid the growth of startups and how they influence startup performance. This inconsistency implies that different characteristics of accelerators may have different influences on startups; in fact, recent research suggests that accelerators are heterogeneous rather than homogeneous in various dimensions. In this article, we focus on accelerator experience as one such characteristic and examine its role in the growth of startups. Specifically, through an empirical analysis using data from 38 accelerators in Japan, we hypothesized and found that the effect of accelerator experience on the amount of funding raised by startups participating in the accelerator program in the year after the end of the demo day is positive only for early-stage startups that had not yet raised sufficient funds before participating in the program. This result implies that accelerator programs are not necessarily effective across all stages of startups because the programs may be specialized for specific stages. To the best of our knowledge, this article is the first study that systematically analyzes accelerator programs in Japan; it contributes to the literature by clarifying the role of accelerator experience in the development of startups.

著者

鈴木 修

出版者

日本経営学会

雑誌

日本経営学会誌 (ISSN:18820271)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, pp.41-53, 2015-07-10 (Released:2017-08-01)

被引用文献数

1

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Organizational slack is excess resources that influence various organizational phenomena, including adaptation, formation of dominant coalition, political behaviors, centralization, bureaucracy, risk preferences and innovation. As for its influences on organizational performance, however, scholars disagree whether the relationship is positive, negative, or curvilinear. We empirically examined moderating effectes of environmental, as well as organizational characteristics to argue that the form of relationship between organizational slack and organizational performance differs by the degree of environmental variability, search width, and by organizational age. Our analyses of 37 Japanese pharmaceutical firms between 1991 and 2010 (616 firm-years) show that organizational slack more negatively influences organizational performance to the extent that environmental variability or search width increase. Organizational age also moderates the relationship such that older firms enjoy more positive influences of organizational slack while younger firms suffer from more negative influences. The results indicate that we may be able to reconcile mutually contradictory findings in prior work by taking environmental, as well as organizational characteristics into consideration. We also discuss our findings' implications on the relationship between organizational slack and the attention-based view of the firm.

著者

米川 清

出版者

日本経営学会

雑誌

經營學論集 第86集 株式会社の本質を問う-21世紀の企業像 (ISSN:24322237)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.F2-1-F2-8, 2016 (Released:2019-10-01)

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サイモンとトゥベルスキー=カーネマンの「限定合理性」へのアプローチの決定的相違点を明らかにする。また,トゥベルスキー自身も,当初,合理的選択からのシステム的逸脱に対する新古典派的説明を,「見当外れの弁護人」と酷評した。歳月は流れ,トゥベルスキー=カーネマンは,やがて主流派の効用概念の補正の側に宗旨替えをする。完全合理的なはずの人間が犯すエラー研究が標準理論の修正へと向かった時,「限定合理性」の主張は,主流派の思弁的な領域に埋没した。現在,2つの「限定合理性」が存在するが,サイモンの側に立ち,トゥベルスキー=カーネマンの「限定合理性」に批判的検討を加える。

著者

風間 信隆

出版者

日本経営学会

雑誌

經營學論集 第86集 株式会社の本質を問う-21世紀の企業像 (ISSN:24322237)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.F25-1-F25-9, 2016 (Released:2019-10-01)

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ドイツでは「共同決定」制度の法制化により,利害多元的統治モデルが制度化されている。しかし,1990年代後半以降,EU統合とグローバル化の急速な展開,伝統的安定株主の「消滅」と外国人機関投資家の圧力,さらには「新自由主義」的思潮の下での「株主価値重視経営」の喧伝の下で,「協調型資本主義」の「終焉」とまで主張されてきた。同時に,この時期,ドイツ固有の企業統治システムを維持するドイツ企業も存在したが,なかでも欧州最大の自動車会社に躍進したフォルクスワーゲン社はポルシェ・ピエヒ一族の過半数所有という形で資本市場からの圧力を遮断し,「長期連帯主義」に依拠した伝統的企業統治を維持してきた。しかし,2015年9月に発覚したVWディーゼルエンジン排ガス規制不正スキャンダルは,巨額のリコール・損害賠償費用,ブランド価値の棄損等,大きな打撃を受けている。本稿は,まず特に2000年代以降のVWの多元的企業統治の経路依存的進化の具体的在り様をたどるとともに,このインサイダー型企業統治構造が有する,克服すべき課題も明らかにする。

著者

菊澤 研宗

出版者

日本経営学会

雑誌

經營學論集 第87集 日本の経営学90年の内省と構想【日本経営学会90周年記念特集】 (ISSN:24322237)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.42-49, 2017 (Released:2019-09-26)

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かつて世界で輝いていた日本企業は,変化の速いグローバルな環境に適応できず,現在,凋落している。なぜか。これまでさまざまな原因が指摘されてきたが,本論文では,今日,多くの日本企業が誤った新古典派的な資本主義理論とオーディナリー・ケイパビリティにもとづく経営を展開している点に注目する。何よりも,日本企業復活にとって必要なのは,正しいシュムペーター流の資本主義理論とデイビット・ティースによって展開されているダイナミック・ケイパビリティにもとづく経営であることを説明する。

著者

土橋 力也

出版者

日本経営学会

雑誌

日本経営学会誌 (ISSN:18820271)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, pp.3-14, 2019 (Released:2020-11-01)

参考文献数

38

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Scholars in the fields of management and economics note the importance of gaining users and achieving network effects in online C2C platforms (OCP). Although the extant literature stresses the importance of network effects and the “quantity” of users, another important factor in OCP—the “quality” of users—is often ignored. Poor quality users harm the platform's reputation; their presence makes potential users hesitant to join it. Thus, we thus build a framework for managing users' quality in OCP, and, then, analyze how managing users' quality affects trust in C2C platforms and the transaction intention of users. We build a framework for analyzing users' quality with two pairs of influential factors: ex-ante and ex-post, and top and bottom users. These two pairs lead to four quadrants. Quadrant 1 has ex-ante and bottom users; it signifies platform firms' behavior to restrict bad users from joining by ex-ante screening (entrance fees or some qualifications). Quadrant 2, which is ex-ante and top, signifies how platform firms attract superstars. Quadrant 3 is ex-post and top and signifies how platform firms educate and finally convert normal users to loyal ones. Quadrant 4—ex-post and bottom users—signifies how platform firms find users that satisfy their criteria; this helps to exclude the bad users already present on the platform. To analyze this framework, the present study analyzes data obtained from OCP users of Mercari and Airbnb by distributing 461 questionnaires (Mercari n=242, Airbnb n=219) through a research company. We find that: (1) controlling bottom users (limited participation) increases trust in C2C platforms, and (2) controlling top users (favorable treatment for high quality users) increases the transaction intention of users. This paper highlights the issue of users' quality in OCP by building a framework for managing it—something prior research neglected by focusing on network effects.

著者

水村 典弘

出版者

日本経営学会

雑誌

經營學論集 第85集 日本的ものづくり経営パラダイムを超えて (ISSN:24322237)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.F23-1-F23-10, 2015 (Released:2019-09-25)

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企業倫理の基盤となる制度の実効性を高めるためには,意図せぬ不正に走る人の心理現象と心理プロセスを分析して,倫理諸制度の基本設計や運用の一部に修正パッチを当てるか,さもなければ制度の全体を抜本的に見直す必要がある。では,なぜ人は無自覚的に不正を働き,時として悪事に手を染めるのか。現場で起きた「倫理の失敗」の数々を検証し,組織人の意図せぬ不正とその背後要因にスポットライトを当てて概括的な整理を試みたのが「行動ビジネス倫理」である。本稿は,ビジネス倫理学の領域で推奨される「倫理的な意思決定に向けたフレームワーク」とその脆弱性に焦点を当てた「行動ビジネス倫理」の分析視覚を明らかにしたうえで,2013年10月に株式会社阪急阪神ホテルズで発覚したメニュー表示問題の詳細について,関連省庁や「阪急阪神ホテルズにおけるメニュー表示の適正化に関する第三者委員会」が公表した調査報告書をもとに検証する。