著者

金 律里

出版者

東京大学文学部宗教学研究室

雑誌

東京大学宗教学年報 (ISSN:02896400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.247-253, 2011-03-31

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書評/Book Reviews

著者

市川 裕

出版者

東京大学文学部宗教学研究室

雑誌

東京大学宗教学年報 (ISSN:02896400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.特別号, pp.89-101, 2013-03

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2010~2012年度文部科学省科学研究費補助金基盤研究 (B) 「宗教概念ならびに宗教研究の普遍性と地域性の相関・相克に関する総合的研究」 (研究代表者 : 池澤優) 課題番号 : 22320016 報告書

著者

渡邊 優

出版者

東京大学文学部宗教学研究室

雑誌

東京大学宗教学年報 (ISSN:02896400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.103-117, 2010-03-31

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論文/Articles

著者

小川 有閑

出版者

東京大学文学部宗教学研究室

雑誌

東京大学宗教学年報 (ISSN:2896400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, pp.179-184, 2004-03-31

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【書評】

著者

虫賀 幹華

出版者

東京大学文学部宗教学研究室

雑誌

東京大学宗教学年報 (ISSN:02896400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.143-172, 2012-03-31

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論文/Articles

著者

イーリャ ムスリン

出版者

東京大学文学部宗教学研究室

雑誌

東京大学宗教学年報 (ISSN:02896400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.87-102, 2010-03-31

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論文/Articles

著者

鶴岡 賀雄

出版者

東京大学文学部宗教学研究室

雑誌

東京大学宗教学年報 (ISSN:02896400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.1-18, 2011-03-31

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論文/Articles

著者

本間 美穂

出版者

東京大学文学部宗教学研究室

雑誌

東京大学宗教学年報 (ISSN:02896400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.121-139, 2013-03-31

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論文/Articles

著者

山本 栄美子

出版者

東京大学文学部宗教学研究室

雑誌

東京大学宗教学年報 (ISSN:2896400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.49-66, 2008-03-31

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It is commonly held that philosophers have contributed little to bioethics which had already developed to a great degree in the United States by the early 1990s. Peter Singer is one of the leaders of the practical ethics movement, and one of the most famous and influential philosophers alive. He has considered not only philosophy and ethics, which are his areas of specialisation, but also politics, economy, medical care, environment, international aid and sociobiology from his own philosophical framework following a strand of utilitarianism, and devoted himself to produce his own practical and philosophical solution about today's various problems. He also served as the first president of the Institute of International Bioethics, the chair of the Great Ape Project and an animal rights organization. Before holding many important posts, he had already inspired philosophers to participate in Bioethics in the early 1970s. The primary purpose of this article is to consider the relationship between Singer and Bioethics from the perspective of religious studies.

著者

斎藤 公太

出版者

東京大学文学部宗教学研究室

雑誌

東京大学宗教学年報 (ISSN:02896400)

巻号頁・発行日

no.27, pp.187-193, 2009

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書評/Book Reviews

著者

村上 興匡

出版者

東京大学文学部宗教学研究室

雑誌

東京大学宗教学年報 (ISSN:2896400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.99-113, 1990-03-20

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Drawing on the results of a survey of Jizo worship which was conducted in the Umeda district of Osaka from 1986 to 1988, this article considers the relationship of the urbanization after World War II with a transition in the custom of worshipping Stone-Buddhas. Especially after the International Exposition at Osaka in 1970, the development of residential areas in the surburbs of Osaka added to the Umeda district the character of an urban-terminal area, and weakened the character of the living space. Consequently, the character of Jizos in the Umeda district has also changed, from that of gods which guard the inhabitants of the area they occupy, to that of gods which confer a benefit on the believers visiting their shrines.

著者

山本 邦子

出版者

東京大学文学部宗教学研究室

雑誌

東京大学宗教学年報 (ISSN:02896400)

巻号頁・発行日

no.11, pp.p17-31, 1993

著者

近藤 光博

出版者

東京大学文学部宗教学研究室

雑誌

東京大学宗教学年報 (ISSN:02896400)

巻号頁・発行日

no.14, pp.27-41, 1996

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96年4月から5月にかけ,インドでは第11次連邦下院選挙が行われた。台風の目となったのは,ヒンドゥ・ナショナリズムを掲げて独自のタカ派路線を行くインド人民党(the Bharatiya JanataParty : BJP)であった。彼らは,単独で534中の161議席を獲得,インド国民会議派(the Indian National Congress (I) :コングレス)が独立以来占め続けてきた下院第一党の座を奪い取った上,党外から34議席の支持を得て,ごく短期間であったとはいえ,党内穏健派の頭目ヴァジパイー(A. B. Vajpayee)を首相の座につけることに成功した。しかし,党外の支持議員のさらなる抱き込みに失敗し,下院で過半数の承認を得られないと見越したヴァジパイー首相は,数日にわたる国会での激論の後,信任投票の直前に自ら身を引いた(5月16日就任,5月28日内閣総辞職)。日本のジャーナリズムはしばしばBJPを「ヒンドゥ至上主義政党」と形容してきた。そこでは,排他的で狂信的な宗教政党としてのBJPのイメージばかりが強調されるため,インドの政治動向に対する読者の不安感・不信感は相当に(ときには極端なまでに)あおり立てられたことだろう。本稿は,第一に, BJPの歴史的背景やインド国民がこの党に寄せる支持の内容を検討することで,「ヒンドゥ至上主義政党」というBJPイメージの極端なステレオ・タイプに修正が施されるべきこと,そして<必ずしも過激ではない現実的な民主議会主義政党>としての側面にも十分な注意が払われるべきことを指摘する。このことと関連して,第二に,世界各地で昨今いよいよ激しく燃えあがりつつある<エスニック・アイデンティティの復活と政治化>とでも呼ぶべき一連の現象との関連につき,理論研究の視覚から, BJPとその兄弟組織内部のダイナミズムをごく簡単に論じる。Movements representative of so-called "religious nationalism" have been blazing up in many parts of the world. The rise of Hindu nationalism under the Sangh Parivar, which means "The Holy Family of the RSS [see below] " and which is the alias of organizations descended from it, is considered to be a good example of this phenomenon. This paper, however, underscores those aspects of the Bharatiya Janata Party (the BJP) and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (the RSS being the mother body for the BJP and its brother organizations) that have a strong affinity for the values, institutions, and systems of Western-style modernity and secularism. These aspects are especially prevalent within the BJP, a democratic parliamentarian party whose political realism is not necessarily radical or fanatic. This study suggests, therefore, that we must pay attention not only to the explosive manifestation of "radical vectors" within such movements, but also to deeply rooted "moderate vectors." We should recognize the possibility for moderate vectors of religious nationalism to coexist with secular nationalism, a perception which could relativize the latter within the political context. Of course, we must also keep in mind that radical vectors are not yet stable, and that we may live to experience serious or even destructive consequences as a result.

著者

山本 伸一

出版者

東京大学文学部宗教学研究室

雑誌

東京大学宗教学年報 (ISSN:02896400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.73-86, 2010-03-31

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論文/Articles

著者

伊達 聖伸

出版者

東京大学文学部宗教学研究室

雑誌

東京大学宗教学年報 (ISSN:02896400)

巻号頁・発行日

no.31, pp.17-34, 2013

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論文/ArticlesDid the concept of "religion" change in the aftermath of the French Revolution? If so, in what way did it evolve? This article argues that there was indeed a change in conceptualizing religion during this period and tries to partially explain it by comparing the approaches of Voltaire and Chateaubriand to religion. Though these French writers belonged to two different generations, they were both anglophiles and were able to reflect on the religious situation in France with reference to England. What is often said about these two is that the former criticized religion while the latter defended it. However, we should bear in mind that Voltaire was never an atheist in the strict sense of the word despite his fierce criticism of religious institutions, for he believed in the existence of God which transcended different religious denominations. Also, Chateaubriand was an ardent proponent of Enlightenment thought, although he became a devout Christian. In other words, we need to understand the complex nature of religious discourse especially during this transitional period. A key word in Voltaire's religious critique is "tolerance". While he celebrated religious diversity in England and was greatly influenced by John Locke's work, especially A Letter Concerning Toleration(1689), Voltaire did not share the same vision as this English philosopher. Unlike Locke, who vindicated religious liberty and presupposed the separation of the religious community from political institutions, Voltaire's idea of religious tolerance was based on the assumption that the religious system should be subordinated to the political system, thereby placing little importance on religious liberty. As for Chateaubriand, religious liberty occupies an important place in his thought, but as an antirevolutionary thinker, he emphasized it in a conservative manner. The Genius of Christianity(1802) is an attempt to vindicate the Christian faith by reinterpreting the notion of liberty. Here, Chateaubriand reappropriates Christian discourse and attempts to restore Catholicism to its rightful place. Nevertheless, this reappropriation is not so much explained by theological as cultural impetus, because religious faith for him was a matter of individual commitment.

著者

佐藤 清子

出版者

東京大学文学部宗教学研究室

雑誌

東京大学宗教学年報 (ISSN:02896400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.109-122, 2011-03-31

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論文/Articles

著者

藤田 富雄

出版者

東京大学文学部宗教学研究室

雑誌

東京大学宗教学年報.別冊

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.10-11, 1991-03-31

著者

松岡 秀明

出版者

東京大学文学部宗教学研究室

雑誌

東京大学宗教学年報 (ISSN:2896400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.13-25, 1998-03-31

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The Church of World Messianity (Sekai Kyusei Kyo), a Japanese new religion, has propagated in Brazil since 1956. The religion claims that it has 250,000 followers and 95 percent of them are non-Japanese. By comparing Messianity with Catholicism and kardecismo, a Brazilian spiritualism, this paper tries to elucidate the reason why the religion was accepted by non-Japanese Brazilians. Messianity defines itself as a religion that realizes the prophecy of Christianity. Further, Messianity's care of its followers is attractive for Catholics because liberation theology, which has retained remarkable influence in Brazil since the 1970s, focuses on the salvation of society rather than on individual salvation. Kardecismo is closer to Messianity than Catholicism, however. Both Messianity and kardecismo (1) believe in the existence of the spirit world, (2) put importance on the procedures which transfer transcendental energy from one human being to another (3) believe in reincarnation, (4) urge spiritual evolution; raise the spirit's level in the spirit world. These similarities are not by coincidence. Western spiritualism reflects in Messianity's doctrine, because the founder Okada Mokichi was interested in Western spiritualism and read its literature in Japanese translation. With its closeness to Catholicism and kardecismo both in doctrinal and practical aspects, Messianity has achieved success in propagation in Brazil.

著者

渡辺 優

出版者

東京大学文学部宗教学研究室

雑誌

東京大学宗教学年報 (ISSN:02896400)

巻号頁・発行日

no.30, pp.49-66, 2012

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論文/Articles"If God predestines me to be damned, nevertheless I would love Him." The polemic centered on this formula of "pure love," that is to say the "impossible supposition," constitutes one of the most complicated and rich issues in the history of religious ideas in modern France. Our discussion is principally based on fundamental differences regarding currents of thought we discover in controversies on the doctrine of pure love. This problematic of pure love, which draws a line between the crepuscule of modern mysticism and the dawn of the Enlightenment, seems equally fruitful for the genealogical examination of the modern understanding of religion. From this historical point of view, we deal especially with the spiritual texts of François de Sales, Fénelon, Madame Guyon, Bossuet and Pierre Nicole. In the first section, we look into the way the "impossible supposition" is set out as an essential proposition in the doctrine of pure love articulated by François de Sales and Fénelon. In the next, we confirm that this doctrine is a crucial response to the problems of evil and salvation which were radically provoked in early modern times by Augustinianism and predestination. That is how we can qualify this doctrine systematized by Fénelon as a therapeutic doctrine giving a spiritual signification to his own spiritual suffering caused by an obsession with damnation. Moreover, it will also give rise to some thoughts on how Fénelon's doctrine of pure love paradoxically shows an egocentric character despite the fact that it preaches the abandonment of all of one's own interests. The subject in section three is the interpretation of the doctrine of "dark night" of the soul, an essential notion that dates back to the mystical doctrine of John of the Cross. Which differences are there in the way of understanding it according to a position that is for or against the doctrine of pure love? John of the Cross regarded the "dark night" as a succession of ordeals such as an interior dryness. Fénelon and Guyon consider the darkness by which the soul is seized rather positively, whereas it is negative for Bossuet and Nicole, for whom human nature must seek happiness. Such a distinction comes from a fundamental difference in the conception of faith or that of love. Covering thoughts on these matters from François de Sales to Fénelon, after recognizing the doctrine of pure love as one outcome in the latter, we will return to the former. The ultimate aim of our discussion is to throw light on another style of mystical love that is different from the pure love of Fénelon's doctrine.

著者

矢野 秀武

出版者

東京大学文学部宗教学研究室

雑誌

東京大学宗教学年報 (ISSN:02896400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.特別号, pp.51-70, 2013-03

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2010~2012年度文部科学省科学研究費補助金基盤研究 (B) 「宗教概念ならびに宗教研究の普遍性と地域性の相関・相克に関する総合的研究」 (研究代表者 : 池澤優) 課題番号 : 22320016 報告書