著者

上野 千鶴子 野口 隆

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.170-175, 1992-10-31 (Released:2017-02-15)

著者

山川 雄巳

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.114-120, 1967-11-30 (Released:2017-12-28)

著者

筒井 清輝

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.63-81,181, 1994

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The aim of this paper is to introduce a new framework for the study of nationalism and solve three major problems in this study:(1)Whether nationalism is based on primordial attachment or it is only a tool of mobilization for politico-economic interests, (2)Whether nationalism is a product of the modern industrial societies or its advent dates back to the early history of Man, (3)Whether nationalism has great cohesion in itself or it is essentially a dependent variable to be controlled.<br> First I re-define some of the central concepts in this study.1 use the term "ethnos" to refer to what is generally called "ethnic group" , the term "status" to state as a specific historical group, and the term "nation" to the complex form of ethnos and status.When these groups make political or social claims, they are called "ethnosism", " statusism" and "nationalism" respectively.<br> Then I apply this framework to the analysis of changes caused by modernization.Pre-modern societies had ethnos, nation and status, but they were not well organized and therefore could not make powerful movements.Modern society, however, made mass movements by the unit of ethnos, nation or status possible due to its new characteristics such as expansion of ethnos or increased power of status.These changes were caused mainly by spread of democracy in political sphere, pursuit of effectivness in economical sphere and rise in literacy and publish-capitalism in cultural sphere.<br> Due to these changes so-called nationalism emerged in modern society.But ethnosism and nationalism were not completely novel and, between pre-modern and modern form, similarity and continuity can be detectd.So it should be concluded that, while statusism emerged as a politico-economic tool for mobilization only in modern times and do not have great power, both ethnosism and nationalism, having continuity with what existed in the early stages, have primordial sentiments in its attenuated form, and theretore have the immense power of making people willing to die for them.

著者

狩谷 あゆみ

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.77-95, 1997-05-31 (Released:2016-11-02)

著者

加藤 亜希子

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.75-92, 2010-05-31 (Released:2015-05-13)

参考文献数

16

著者

伊地知 紀子

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.86-93, 2012

著者

鍵本 優

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.3, pp.3-18,146, 2004

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Audience research has made various analyses of media effects and audience groups. It mainly discusses the meanings that audiences interpret about the content of TV or radio programs. In modern society, they can be called 'the diffused audience', because their imaginations interpreting the meanings make their social identities much different and changeable (Abercrombie and Longhurst, 1998).<br> But in the case of 'music audience', they receive the music texture as well as the content. Music fans are involved with not only melodies, words or fashions but also guitar sounds or vocal textures. Audience research has only discussed the former. So it cannot discuss how touching the surface of sounds affects the music audience.<br> What happens to audience when they touch sounds? The purpose of this paper is to answer this question. To accomplish this purpose, this paper borrows the concept of 'materiality' from aesthetics on music. Materiality makes the information in the media text no sense. The information of media text constructs audience identities. So, when they touch the texture and the information has no sense, their own identities will be trembling. That is the experience of the textural reception of sounds.<br> I think it is another identification. Normally, identification is described the process of identifying with others, either through lack of awareness of difference or separation (Woodward, 1997). But another mode of identification is marked out only by lack of awareness of difference or separation.<br> From the discussion, this paper suggests that music audience researchers should reconsider the concept of 'identification' and introduce the new concept of identification. It is 'the identification towards nothingness'. It means to make the difference between the person and the others less and less. So, two modes of identification look opposite; towards various identities and towards no identity.<br> Two identifications are the processes that identity is changing. Audience theory argues that social identity is changeable. So, both concepts of identification should be located in the problem of social identity.

著者

矢﨑 千華

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.75-92,138, 2013-10-31 (Released:2015-05-13)

参考文献数

27

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Based on discourse analysis of the text, this paper attempts to clarify the origin of the ‘personal advice column’, which has not hitherto been fully examined. The origin of the ‘personal advice column’ is admitted to lie in the column ‘Ienotomo’ of ‘Jogakuzasshi’ published in the middle of the Meiji era. Although the contents were not as diversified as they are today, issues related to personal matters began to be discussed. Through discourse analysis of the text, I have analyzed its development toward construction of the genre. Firstly, I focused on the development of the subject matter discussed in the text as it shifted from topics related to ‘knowledge’, such as one’s knowledge about historical facts and understanding of vocabulary, to matters related to the contributors’ ‘experience’, such as marriage and giving birth. Secondly, I focused on the relationships among the following three intermingled forms of discourse: ‘informative discourse’, ‘normative discourse’, and ‘narrative discourse’. The first provides a dictionary-like explanation of the issues of people’s interest. The second deals with everyday issues which people face, such as marriage and giving birth. However, those experiences are presented through collective narratives using ‘we’. Finally, the third deals with everyday issues through the first-person narrative using ‘I’, and the individualized issue is organized in chronological order of cause and effect in order to ensure the legitimacy of contributors’ narratives. Likewise, a similar pattern of discourse is observed in the answers by the editors to contributors. It is at this stage that we find the origin of the ‘personal advice column’. Through examination of the creation of the personal advice column, I argue that this approach is also suggestive in exploring thoughts on the construction of the modern subjectivity of ‘I’, as well as its normative implications.

著者

進藤 雄三

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.145-168, 1985-05-31 (Released:2017-02-15)

著者

浜 日出夫 森 元孝

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.106-113, 1996-05-31 (Released:2016-12-22)

著者

中西 眞知子

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.3, pp.103-119, 2003-02-28 (Released:2016-05-25)

著者

上田 裕

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.58-62, 1991-06-30 (Released:2017-02-15)

著者

藤吉 圭二 荻野 昌弘

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.199-207, 2006-05-31 (Released:2016-03-23)

著者

金 明秀

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.97-113,170, 1995-05-31 (Released:2017-02-15)

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An attempt is made to elucidate the structure and formation process of ethnicity that is defined by the attitude and behavior associated with an ethnic affiliation. Data are drawn from "The 1993 Research of Consciousness among Korean Youth in Japan," which is the first nationally representative sample of Korean residents to be conducted in this field. Result shows that (1) ethnicity can be divided into two dimensions of ethnic orientation; (2) one of the two orientations is based on emotional ties with the brotherly ethnic group (relation orientation) , (3) the other is based on instrumental behavior related to ethnic issues (instrumental orientation) ; (4) the relation orientation is mainly formed through contact with ethnic tradition in the family by inheritance; (5) the instrumental orientation is, for the most part, formed acquisitively by the education and the participation in the ethnic organization; and (6) there is no substantive effect of discrimination and inequality on the formation of ethnicity.

著者

福岡 千珠

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.3, pp.57-73,191, 2006-02-28 (Released:2016-03-23)

参考文献数

27

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The objective of this paper is to examine the various ways the Irish language has served as a symbol of a nation, through two different phases of Irish cultural nationalism: nationalism in the 'nation-building' stage where its primary aim is to construct national identity and in the 'reconstructing' stage, where the object is to maintain and to endorse an-established national identity. In order to examine how discourses of cultural nationalism have changed, I think it necessary to analyze these phases of the Irish cultural nationalism. Firstly, I analyze the discourses deployed by the Irish language revival movement which started towards the end of the nineteenth century. Examining how the language was represented in the movements, I reveal that the discourses of cultural nationalism denied the 'co-evalness' of the language, and always represented it with nostalgia. This representation of the native culture is still influenced by the Anglo-Irish colonial discourses of the end of the eighteenth century. Secondly, in opposition, the Free State government came, after independence, to retrieve the co-evalness of the language when it introduced compulsory education and adopted revival policies. This means that the government tried to prove, in the triangular relationship with Northern Ireland and Britain, that it was a legitimate institution of the Irish nation by inheriting the native language. However, this attitude provoked much hatred among Unionists in Northern Ireland, and the heated dispute over the validity of the language even in the South. These changes could not be interpreted as a simple failure of the cultural nationalism.With the change from 'nation-building' to 're-construction,' cultural nationalism shifted its focus from primordiality of culture to its contemporaneity. It brought into question the historical and political belongingness of the language, and revealed the nation's sectarian and ideological division rather than its unity.

著者

荒木 康代

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.3, pp.57-73,207, 2007

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The purpose of this paper is to consider why the wives of merchant families had the authority to manage their family businesses (with the help of several apprentices) under the Japanese patriarchal "Ie" system before World War II. In this paper, I will describe the "Goryonsan" who were the wives of merchants in the Osaka Senba area. Goryonsan had great influence and considerable authority in the management of the merchant families. Looking at this type of female role, I intend to analyze what gave these women their authority. Some researchers have explained their authority in terms of "continuation and prosperity of the Ie family". They assert that the Ie family was very important to merchant families and it was therefore required that women with business skills participate in its management in order to accomplish the continuation and prosperity of the Ie family. I think this is a reasonable explanation. But in this paper, I concentrate on the human relationships in the shops and homes in Senba merchant families. In the Senba merchant stores, the merchants families lived with their employees, and the work space was family space as well. Goryonsan had the role of caring for, disciplining, and managing the boy apprentices both in the house and the store. In particular the womens role in disciplining the boy apprentices so that they would become good merchants was very important to the family business. And these relationships between Goryonsan and the employees continued for a long time. Under these circumstances, it seems to have been inevitable that women would take on a dominant role in the management of the house, as well as the store. It was this system of the merchant families that gave them authority.

著者

仁平 典宏

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.93-109,169, 2003-05-31 (Released:2016-05-25)

被引用文献数

2

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The dominant conception of volunteer activities views them as the activities of idealistic "citizen." The conception is based on the following three empirical assumptions:1) the number of people participating in volunteer activities has been increasing;2) people take the initiative to carry out the activities, rather than being forced by compulsory community organizations; and 3) the activists are not biased toward a specific social stratum. However, by analyzing various statistical data on the changes in volunteer activities after 1980s, this paper shows that none of the abobe assumptions are justified. In the first place, there has not been a real increase in volunteer activity. The "increase" in the number of volunteer activities in the statistical data is explained largely by the fact that as time passes more people define their activities using the word "volunteer." Secondly, most volunteer activities are still performed through the community organizations. Thirdly, as for the social stratum, the upper economic class has greater influence on volunteer participation than before, which is the opposite of the current perception. From this perspective, while the space for citizens' participation will expand, it is likely that economic power extended without the market will be more influential in the public sphere. So far, Tocqueville's idea has been the mainstream, conceptualization of civil society in relation to administrative authority. However, it is important to build the independence of civil society in relation to the market. This construction depends on how positively NPOs can intervene in the inequality which spontaneously exists inside the civil society, and how effectively NPOs can mediate the voice of people who suffer a relative shortage of resources and space.

著者

西村 大志 赤川 学

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.146-154, 2000-10-31 (Released:2016-11-02)

著者

井上 宏 森下 伸也

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.125-134, 1997-05-31 (Released:2016-11-02)

著者

片田 孫 朝日

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.2, pp.23-38,157, 2003-10-31 (Released:2016-05-25)

参考文献数

25

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This article explores the masculine practice of elementary schoolboys and it's embodiment in their play activity and conversation. In Japan, most scholars of Men's Studies have adopted the Social Learning Theory of sex role, which argues that children learn appropriate behavior and attitudes through various sanctions from their parents and others, and through watching television and reading books. Internalization of masculine norms and values, such as "boys must not cry", has often been assumed in these studies. Generally, gender studies, including Women's Studies in Japan have accepted this kind of socialization theory. In contrast with these arguments, this study places great importance on child-peer interaction and tries to understand young boys' masculine speech and behavior as useful "social skills" in their interaction. The data is based on participant observation of boys and girls aged six to nine in a child care center in Kyoto city over six months in 2002. It was found that children mostly play segregated into groups of boys and girls. With reference to anthropologist Majorie Goodwin's work, an investigation of how boys and girls design directive and response was conducted. The results are as follows. Boys often make their directives emphasizing hierarchical arrangements among members. Imperative forms such as "yamero(stop)" and aggressive terms are used to construct asymmetry participant structure. It can be observed that leaders frequently instruct other team-mates in aggravated forms, denouncing their skills in the team games that young boys like to play. These practices are conducted with self justification in order to win the game. In these cases, thoughtfulness is not expressed between playmates, and boys of lower status also try to assert themselves as strongly as possible. Therefore, masculine behavior is practiced and learned not only because of social norms, but also because of its usefulness in social activity and interaction. This study shows the process whereby masculine plactice is constructed as social skills and emphasizes the importance of ethnography of social activity and practice for gender studies.