著者

Motoi Kikusato Masaaki Toyomizu

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.2023021, 2023 (Released:2023-08-09)

参考文献数

168

被引用文献数

1

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Poultry meat and egg production benefits from a smaller carbon footprint, as well as feed and water consumption, per unit of product, than other protein sources. Therefore, maintaining a sustainable production of poultry meat is important to meet the increasing global demand for this staple. Heat stress experienced during the summer season or in tropical/subtropical areas negatively affects the productivity and health of chickens. Crucially, its impact is predicted to grow with the acceleration of global warming. Heat stress affects the physiology, metabolism, and immune response of chickens, causing electrolyte imbalance, oxidative stress, endocrine disorders, inflammation, and immunosuppression. These changes do not occur independently, pointing to a systemic mechanism. Recently, intestinal homeostasis has been identified as an important contributor to nutrient absorption and the progression of systemic inflammation. Its mechanism of action is thought to involve neuroendocrine signaling, antioxidant response, the presence of oxidants in the diet, and microbiota composition. The present review focuses on the effect of heat stress on intestinal dysfunction in chickens and the underlying causative factors. Understanding these mechanisms will direct the design of strategies to mitigate the negative effect of heat stress, while benefiting both animal health and sustainable poultry production.

著者

Mitsuhiro Shibata Atsushi Iwasawa Masato Yayota

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.2023020, 2023 (Released:2023-08-09)

参考文献数

62

被引用文献数

1

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Yolk sac membranes of layer eggs were collected daily (n = 7–9) from day three of incubation to day three post-hatch, and mRNA expression and activities were quantified for key gluconeogenesis enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, cytosolic and mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinases, and pyruvate carboxylase). Lactate, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, glycogen, and glucose in the yolk sac membrane, and blood glucose levels were also measured. The mRNA expression and activity were detected for all enzymes. Differences in expression levels and enzyme activities seemed to reflect the embryo’s developmental environment and physiological demands at different developmental stages. During the first week to the mid-second week of incubation, the expression and activity of gluconeogenic enzymes and lactate concentrations were high, suggesting an active period of gluconeogenesis from lactate, reflecting possible hypoxia in the embryo before completed formation of the chorioallantoic capillaries. From the mid-second week to mid-third week, when embryos were in an aerobic state, the triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid contents increased in the yolk sac. Triglycerides from yolk lipids are typically hydrolyzed to produce non-esterified fatty acids as an energy source, whereas the glycerol skeleton is used for gluconeogenesis. In the late third week, when embryos were considered to re-enter an anaerobic state, the mRNA expression and enzyme activity of only glucose-6-phosphatase were high and the amount of glycogen in the yolk sac was reduced. Therefore, it is suggested that gluconeogenesis activity is low during this period, and the carbohydrates stored in the yolk sac membrane are secreted into the blood as energy for hatching. This study confirmed the role of the yolk sac membrane as a vital gluconeogenic organ during chicken egg incubation.

著者

Shengwang Jiang Chaoyun Yang Yintao Xiao Saizhen Zheng Qian Jiang Jiashun Chen

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.2023018, 2023 (Released:2023-07-22)

参考文献数

56

被引用文献数

2

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This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GLPs) on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and meat quality of broiler chickens. A total of 320 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were individually weighed and randomly assigned to four groups of eight replicate cages (10 broilers per cage). Birds were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 1,000, 2,000, or 4,000 mg/kg GLPs. Compared to that of the control group, dietary supplementation with 2,000 mg/kg GLPs linearly increased the average daily weight gain during days 0-42 (P < 0.05) and linearly decreased the feed to gain ratio during days 1–21 and 22–42 (P < 0.05). Broilers fed GLP-supplemented diets showed linear (P < 0.05) and quadratic (P < 0.05) increases in serum superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05), glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities in the liver, whereas GLP supplementation decreased serum and liver malondialdehyde concentrations (P < 0.05). A linear increase in serum catalase activity was observed following supplementation with 2,000 or 4,000 mg/kg GLPs (P < 0.05). Broilers fed GLP-supplemented diets showed linear (P < 0.05) and quadratic (P < 0.05) increases in serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-10, and interferon-γ concentrations (P < 0.05), and a trend towards linear improvement in IL-4 levels (P = 0.089). Dietary GLP supplementation increased the Lactobacillus spp. population compared to that of the control group (P < 0.05) and 2,000 and 4,000 mg/kg of GLPs nearly decreased the population of E. coli in the cecum (P = 0.056). Therefore, dietary GLP supplementation may improve broiler growth performance by altering antioxidant capacity, immune function, and the gut microbiota composition. Considering the effects of different doses of GLP on the above parameters, 2,000 mg/kg of GLPs was identified as the best dose.

著者

Bo Mi Park Jina Lee Young Kyu Park Young Cheol Yang Bock Gie Jung Bong Joo Lee

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.2023016, 2023 (Released:2023-07-08)

参考文献数

38

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Benefits chitosan-fermented feed additives (CFFAs) particularly in the regulation of the immune system and antimicrobial activity. Therefore, we investigated the immune-enhancing and bacterial clearance effects of CFFA (fermented by Bacillus licheniformis) on broiler chickens Salmonella Gallinarum challenge. We administered 2% or 4% CFFA evaluated its immune-enhancing effects using several immunological experiments, including examination of lysozyme activity, lymphocyte proliferation, and expression of cytokines. We also evaluated the bacterial clearance effects of CFFA against S. Gallinarum. CFFA administration markedly enhanced lysozyme activity, lymphocyte proliferation, and the expression of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interferon gamma in the spleen. In broilers challenged with S. Gallinarum, the clinical signs of S. Gallinarum infection and the number of viable bacterial colonies in the feces and tissues decreased in both CFFA groups. Therefore, CFFAs could be good candidates for feed additive to improve nonspecific immune responses and bacterial clearance.

著者

Atsushi Tajima

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.2023015, 2023 (Released:2023-06-29)

参考文献数

49

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To meet the strong quantitative demands for poultry products with high sanitary standards soon after World War II, the Japanese poultry industry experienced a rapid expansion period. However, it should be remembered that the post-war flourishment of the Japanese poultry industry was built on a solid academic and educational platform that took several pre-war decades to construct. In addition, poultry play a special cultural role in Japanese society. In this review, poultry in Japan is illustrated from the following three historical viewpoints: 1) development of the Japanese poultry industry; 2) academic and educational contributions to the poultry industry in Japan; and 3) ritualistic, mythic, and artistic attributes of poultry that are deeply embedded in Japanese society.

著者

Nanase Kubo Chun-ho Park Satoshi Inoue Hajime Hatta

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.2023014, 2023 (Released:2023-06-17)

参考文献数

26

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Immunization of egg-laying hens with viral antigens efficiently produces large amounts of virus-specific IgY antibodies from egg yolks. A supply of practical and economical antibodies against the rabies virus is being desired worldwide. We immunized hens with the antigen gene DNA of the rabies virus, purified specific IgY antibodies from the egg yolk, and characterized the immuno-protein chemistry for use as a diagnosis. To prepare specific IgY antibodies against rabies virus nucleoprotein (RV-N) by DNA immunization, laying hens were pre-injected with λ-carrageenan or Freund’s complete adjuvant to increase local immune activity (pre-immune stimulation), and then immunized with RV-N recombinant plasmid DNA. RV-N-specific IgY antibodies were prepared from egg yolks of immunized hens. For comparison, conventional protein antigen immunization was also used to induce the production of RV-N-specific IgY antibodies. Laying hens were immunized with an RV-N protein antigen and RV-N-specific IgY was purified from egg yolks. The binding activity against RV-N antigens was examined using IgY samples prepared by DNA (with pre-immune stimulation) and protein immunization. Immunohistochemical staining showed that IgY antibodies prepared by protein immunization strongly detected viral antigens in the brain sections of dogs infected with the virus, whereas IgY antibodies prepared by DNA immunization did not. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed using a commercially available rabies vaccine (inactivated virus) treated with 10% formalin and heating (60°C, 30 min and 90°C, 5 min). IgY prepared by DNA immunization had weaker reactivity with denatured antigens and lower antigen concentrations than IgY prepared by protein immunization. These results suggest that it is necessary to develop a DNA immunization method for inducing IgY antibodies against the rabies virus that strongly bind to native and denatured antigens to prepare specific IgYs that can be used for antigen detection in clinical tests.

著者

Xiaohui Zhang Yanxia Qi Youzhi Pang Bingjie Yuan Xiaolong Li

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.2023013, 2023 (Released:2023-05-25)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

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Mutations in the HERC2 and OCA2 genes have the potential to affect pigment deposition and alter feather color in birds. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated HERC2-OCA2 gene locus polymorphisms in Korean and Beijing white quails using RNA-Seq and KASP technology. The expression levels of HERC2 and OCA2 mRNA in skin tissues were analyzed using RT-qPCR. Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified by RNA-Seq, of which three (n.117627564T>A, n.117674275T>G, n.117686226A>C) exhibited significant association with feather color in quail. The expression of OCA2 mRNA was significantly lower in the skin of Beijing white quails than that in the skin of Korean quails. These results suggested that variants in HERC2-OCA2 intergenic region could influence the expression of OCA2, which may underlie diluted feather color in the Beijing white quail.

著者

Tingting Lu Lihong Li Yuwei Li Xianghui Li

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.2023012, 2023 (Released:2023-05-19)

参考文献数

52

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Egg production, an important economic trait in the poultry industry, is sensitive to heat stress. The hypothalamus is a crucial center for thermoregulation by detecting temperature changes and regulating the autonomic nervous system in poultry. Baihu decoction (BH), which contains four ingredients (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Gypsum Fibrosum, Radix Glycyrrhizae, and Semen Oryzae Nonglutinosae), is a traditional Chinese medicinal formula for clearing heat. Our study aimed to investigate the changes in gene transcription levels in the hypothalamus of laying hens treated with heat stress with and without BH using RNA sequencing. A total of 223 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the heat-treated group compared with the control group and 613 DEGs were identified in the BH group compared with the heat-treated group. Heat shock led to significant changes in the expression of multiple genes involved in the “neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction” pathway. Moreover, feeding BH led to significant upregulation in the expression of eight genes encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs), which were highlighted as candidates to control the “protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)” pathway. These results provide the novel insight that BH responds to heat stress by participating in regulation of the ER signaling pathway and HSPs expression.

著者

Xinxin Qiu Yanqing Jia Zhencang Zhang Xianglin Fo Wenhui Wang

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.2023010, 2023 (Released:2023-04-28)

参考文献数

23

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Newcastle disease virus (NDV) threatens global poultry production, with genotype VII the most prevalent strain in China. However, little information is available regarding viral multiplication and pathogenicity based inoculation route. The objectives of this study were to sequence NDV VII isolates and to analyze their biological characteristics in detail. A total of 86 oral and cloacal swabs were collected from Shaanxi and Gansu provinces in northwest China. Identification of genotype VII NDV based on the M gene was performed by qPCR. Viral multiplication and pathogenicity were assessed as a function of route of infection. We observed increased morbidity and mortality using intravenous injection, whereas intranasal, intraocular, and cloacal infections resulted in slower progression and milder clinical disease, with viral proliferation obvious in different tissues. These results provide an important basis for the clinical control and prevention of NDV epidemics in poultry.

著者

Tetsuya Tachibana Mark A. Cline

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.2023009, 2023 (Released:2023-03-01)

参考文献数

109

被引用文献数

1

---

Food intake is regulated by several complicated synergistic mechanisms that are affected by a variety of internal and external influences. Some of these factors include those that are released from pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and most of these factors are associated with suppression of the chick’s food intake. Although chicks are well-known to decrease their food intake when they experience a pathogenic challenge, the mechanisms that mediate this type of satiety are poorly understood. One of the goals of our research group has been to better understand these mechanisms in chicks. We recently provided evidence that pathogen-associated molecular patterns, which are recognized by pattern-recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors, likely contribute to satiety in chicks that are experiencing a pathogenic challenge. Additionally, we identified several inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-like cytokine 1A, prostaglandins, and nitric oxide, that likely contribute to satiety during a pathogenic challenge. This review summarizes the current knowledge on pathogen-induced satiety in chicks mainly accumulated through our recent research. The research will give good information to improve the loss of production during infection in poultry production in the future.

著者

Yang Fu Bo Liu Hui Lei Zhenping Lin JunPeng Chen Yongwen Zhu Hui Ye Lin Yang Wence Wang

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.2023008, 2023 (Released:2023-02-09)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

2

---

Abstract: Although the nutrient requirements of geese during the growing stage are known, the dietary requirement of amino acids during the starting period remains unclear. Optimum nutrient supplementation during the starting period is crucial for improved survival rates, body-weight gain, and marketing weight in geese. Our study focused on the effect of dietary tryptophan (Trp) supplementation on the growth performance, plasma parameters, and internal-organ relative weights in 1–28-day-old Sichuan white geese. A total of 1080 1-day-old geese were divided randomly into six Trp-supplemented (0.145%, 0.190%, 0.235%, 0.280%, 0.325%, and 0.370%) groups. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and duodenal relative weight were highest in the 0.190% group, brisket protein level and jejunal relative weight in the 0.235% group, and plasma total protein and albumin levels in the 0.325% group (P < 0.05). Dietary Trp supplementation did not significantly affect the relative weights of the spleen, thymus, liver, bursa of Fabricius, kidneys, and pancreas. Moreover, the 0.145% – 0.235% groups showed significantly decreased liver fat (P < 0.05). Based on the non-linear regression analysis of ADG and ADFI, the dietary Trp levels between 0.183% and 0.190% were estimated to be optimal for 1–28-day-old Sichuan white geese. In conclusion, optimal dietary Trp supplementation in 1–28-day-old Sichuan white geese resulted in increased growth performance (0.180% – 0.190%) along with improved proximal intestinal development and brisket protein deposition (0.235%). Our findings provide basic evidence and guidance for optimal levels of Trp supplementation in geese.

著者

Takahiro Yonezawa Masahide Nishibori Yoshio Yamamoto Takeshi Sasaki Kohei Kudo Hiroshi Ogawa Hideki Endo Fumihito Akishinonomiya

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.4, pp.316-322, 2022 (Released:2022-10-25)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

2

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Japanese native chickens (JNCs) comprise approximately 50 breeds, making Japan a diversity hotspot for native chicken breeds. JNCs were established through the repeated introduction of chickens from foreign countries. Jidori, which is the generic name of JNC breeds whose ancestral morphology resembles that of their wild progenitor (red junglefowls), is generally thought to have propagated from north East Asia (Korea and north China) to ancient Japan. However, mitochondrial haplogroup D, which is abundant in Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) as well as the Pacific but relatively rare in other regions, can be observed in some Jidori breeds (e.g., Tosa-Jidori, Tokuji-Jidori) with high frequency, leading to speculation that chickens from ISEA or the Pacific also contributed genetically to JNCs. To test this hypothesis, we sequenced the mitochondrial genomes of Jidori breeds and conducted phylogeographic analysis. Our results indicate that the JNC Haplogroup D belongs to Sub-haplogroup D2, which is currently only observed in Xinjiang, northwest China, and not to Sub-haplogroup D1, which is widely distributed in the ISEA-Pacific region. The other mitochondrial haplogroups of Jidori examined in this study also showed affinity to those of chickens native to north East Asia. Therefore, our findings support the north East Asian origin hypothesis for Jidori.

著者

Mei Matsuzaki Tomohiro Sasanami

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.1-7, 2022 (Released:2022-01-25)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

4

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Sperm drastically change their flagellar movement in response to the surrounding physical and chemical environment. Testicular sperm are immotile; however, they gain the competence to initiate motility during passage through the male reproductive tract. Once ejaculated, the sperm are activated and promptly initiate motility. Unlike mammals, ejaculated sperm in birds are stored in specialized tubular invaginations referred to as sperm storage tubules (SSTs), located between the vagina and uterus, before fertilization. The resident sperm in the SSTs are in a quiescent state and then re-activated after release from the SSTs. It is thought that avian sperm can undergo motility change from quiescent to active state twice; however, the molecular mechanism underlying sperm motility regulation is poorly understood. In this short review, we summarize the current understanding of sperm motility regulation in male and female bird reproductive tracts. We also describe signal transduction, which regulates sperm motility, mainly derived from in vitro studies.

著者

Chao Wen Zhixian Leng Yueping Chen Liren Ding Tian Wang Yanmin Zhou

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.103-109, 2021 (Released:2021-04-25)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

11

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary betaine (BET) on growth performance, redox state, and related gene expression in broilers under heat stress (HS). A total of 144 21-day-old male broiler chickens with similar body weights were assigned randomly to three treatments with six replicates (eight chickens per replicate cage). Broilers in the control (CON) group were kept at thermoneutral (TN, 22±1°C) conditions and fed a basal diet until they were 42 days of age. Broilers in the other two groups (defined as HS and HS + BET) were exposed to HS (34±1°C, 8 h/day) and fed the basal diet without or with 1000 mg/kg BET, respectively. Rectal and cockscomb temperature of broilers was increased (P<0.05) in HS and HS + BET groups compared with the CON group, whereas there was no difference between HS and HS + BET groups. Dietary BET supplementation restored (P<0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of broilers and reversed (P<0.05) the increase in serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver tissue of broilers under HS. The HS + BET group had higher (P<0.05) activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the liver tissue and mitochondria than the HS group, and the same pattern was observed for glutathione (GSH) and GSH/glutathione disulphide (GSSG) in the liver tissue. The decreased mRNA levels of GPX1 and uncoupling protein (UCP) in the liver induced by HS were restored by BET supplementation. In conclusion, dietary BET supplementation can alleviate HS-induced hepatic and mitochondrial oxidative damage of broilers by regulating mRNA expressions of GPX1 and UCP.

著者

Norio Kansaku Shin Wakui Tomohiro Sasanami Takeshi Ohkubo

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.0220023, (Released:2022-06-25)

被引用文献数

2

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Difference of onset of increase of PRL content in the anterior pituitary gland and plasma PRL concentration during the late stage of chicken embryogenesis is well known. To investigate the disagreement, changes in PRL content and PRL mRNA levels, and the effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptides (VIP) on PRL release and PRL mRNA expression were examined using western blot analysis and real-time PCR quantification. Changes in SPRL content were strongly correlated with PRL mRNA levels. The increase in PRL content on day 17 of incubation may be caused by the increase in PRL mRNA levels on day 16 of incubation. Additionally, the effects of VIP on PRL release from the embryonic anterior pituitary gland were not observed until day 18 of embryogenesis. These results suggest that increased levels of PRL mRNA and PRL content in the anterior pituitary gland are closely correlated. However, the increased expression of PRL mRNA observed on day 17 and the initiation of PRL release from the anterior pituitary gland on day 19 were differentially regulated. According to the results of western blot analysis, the proportion of glycosylated PRL (G-PRL) and non-glycosylated PRL (NG-PRL) in the anterior pituitary gland at the end stage of development differed from the proportion of PRL released from the anterior pituitary gland. According to the results of two-dimensional western blot analysis, no isoforms with different isoelectric points were detected in the culture medium on days 19 and 20. These data suggest that the peptide chains of G-PRL and NG-PRL were not modified. In conclusion, the differentiation of PRL-producing cells and the maturation of the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland were completed at the end stage of incubation, and that different factors regulated the initiation of PRL mRNA expression before day 18 of incubation.

著者

Takahiro Yonezawa Masahide Nishibori Yoshio Yamamoto Takeshi Sasaki Kohei Kudo Hiroshi Ogawa Hideki Endo Fumihito Akishinonomiya

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.0220027, (Released:2022-06-25)

被引用文献数

2

---

Japanese native chickens (JNCs) comprise approximately 50 breeds, making Japan a diversity hotspot for native chicken breeds. JNCs were established through the repeated introduction of chickens from foreign countries. Jidori, which is the generic name of JNC breeds whose ancestral morphology resembles that of their wild progenitor (red junglefowls), is generally thought to have propagated from north East Asia (Korea and north China) to ancient Japan. However, mitochondrial haplogroup D, which is abundant in Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) as well as the Pacific but relatively rare in other regions, can be observed in some Jidori breeds (e.g., Tosa-Jidori, Tokuji-Jidori) with high frequency, leading to speculation that chickens from ISEA or the Pacific also contributed genetically to JNCs. To test this hypothesis, we sequenced the mitochondrial genomes of Jidori breeds and conducted phylogeographic analysis. Our results indicate that the JNC Haplogroup D belongs to Sub-haplogroup D2, which is currently only observed in Xinjiang, northwest China, and not to Sub-haplogroup D1, which is widely distributed in the ISEA-Pacific region. The other mitochondrial haplogroups of Jidori examined in this study also showed affinity to those of chickens native to north East Asia. Therefore, our findings support the north East Asian origin hypothesis for Jidori.

著者

Takaoki Saneyasu Miku Ueda Kanami Nagata Jiawei Chai Kazuhisa Honda Hiroshi Kamisoyama

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.0220040, (Released:2022-06-25)

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Previous studies in mammalian obesity models have suggested that central transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) controls the gene expression of appetite-regulating neuropeptides and peripheral energy metabolism. In the present study, we investigated the possible involvement of central TGF-β/Smad signaling in feeding regulation in chickens. Central administration of TGF-β1 resulted in phosphorylation of Smad2 in the hypothalamus of chicks and suppressed feed intake without changing the gene expression of hypothalamic appetite-regulating neuropeptides (neuropeptide Y, agouti-related protein, proopiomelanocortin, and corticotropin-releasing factor). However, neither fasting nor refeeding induced the phosphorylation of hypothalamic Smad2. These findings suggest that the activation of hypothalamic TGF-β/Smad signaling suppresses feed intake in chicks but it might not occur in response to feeding status.

著者

岡田 育穂

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

日本家禽学会誌 (ISSN:00290254)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.4, pp.203-213, 1991-07-25 (Released:2008-11-12)

参考文献数

119

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鶏の血液型研究の発展のあとをたどりながら,鶏の血液型研究の現状について概説した。本文中でも述べたように,現在の鶏血液型の研究はMHCの研究であると云っても過言ではない。かなりの研究がMHCの構造と機能の解明に向けられている。今後,この方面の研究が一層活発に行われることを期待したい。

著者

新里 玄徳 矢崎 明美 濃野 正博 吉川 昭仁 日越 博信 新城 明久 古田 賢治

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

日本家禽学会誌 (ISSN:00290254)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.6, pp.407-411, 1994-11-25 (Released:2008-11-12)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1 1

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食鳥処理場でブロイラーの解体作業に使用した爼板,包丁及び作業時に履いた作業靴を60, 80及び100°Cに保った湯にそれぞれ30及び60秒間浸漬し,汚染した細菌の除去について検討した。1. 使用後の爼板から1cm2当り104.7,包丁の柄と刃(金属部分)から104.9及び103.8の菌が検出された。洗剤で洗った後で80又は100°Cの湯に浸漬すると検出された菌数は60°C浸漬の場合に比べ有意に少なく101.0/cm2以下となった。2. 使用後の作業靴の底から1cm2当り104.6,踵から104.5,爪先から104.0,脛から103.6の菌が検出された。洗浄することなく浸漬を行ったが,浸漬温度が高くなるに従い検出された菌数は減少し,浸漬温度が80°Cの場合検出された菌数は1cm2当り100.3-101.2の範囲にあり,60°Cの場合の菌数101.2-102.5より有意に少なかった。100°C浸漬後には底と踵の菌数は80°C浸漬に比べ有意に少く100.5/cm2以下となった。3. 爼板,包丁及び作業靴のいずれにおいても60秒浸漬としても30秒浸漬と比べて検出された菌数に差が認められなかった。以上の結果から,食鳥処理場における爼板,包丁及び作業靴に付着した細菌を除去するには,洗浄した後に温度80°C以上の湯に,30秒以上浸漬するのが実用的と考えられた。

著者

Cheng Yang Jun Teng Chao Ning Wenwen Wang Shuai Liu Qin Zhang Dan Wang Hui Tang

出版者

Japan Poultry Science Association

雑誌

The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.0210138, (Released:2022-05-25)

被引用文献数

2

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Body measurement traits (BMTs), which are classical quantitative traits of vital responses to body growth, have been studied in pigs, cattle, and sheep for several decades. In chickens, BMTs mainly cover body slope length, keel length, chest width, chest depth, tibia length, and tibia diameter; however, their genetic markers are yet to be considered. In this study, the Wenshang Barred chicken, a meat-egg-type native breed in China, was used to investigate the association between BMTs and the expression of growth-related genes, including GH, IGF1, IGF2, GHRL, IGF1R, IGFBP2, GHF-1, and TSHB. The results revealed that the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3138025 in GH was significantly associated with keel length (P = 0.0455 < 0.05), rs313810945 in IGF2 was significantly correlated with chest width (P = 0.0454 < 0.05) and chest depth (P = 0.0259 < 0.05), and rs317298536 in TSHB significantly affected chest depth (P = 0.0399 < 0.05). The SNPs were associated with traits reflecting body size and were potentially involved in bone growth, which was consistent with studies in humans, rodents, and other vertebrate species. In addition, a borderline significant association was found between rs317298536 and body weight (P = 0.0604). These polymorphic sites may be treated as candidate genetic markers in breeding programs involving Wenshang Barred chickens.