著者

北 一郎 大塚 友実 西島 壮

出版者

Japanese Society of Sport Psychology

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.133-140, 2010 (Released:2010-10-08)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

4 2

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It has been suggested that regular physical exercise is beneficial to not only physiological adaptation, but also psychological health through stress reduction, antidepressant / anxiolytic properties and improvement in mood. However, since exercise regimens have varied widely across experiments, the optimal form, intensity and duration of exertion for producing the maximal benefits of exercise have yet to be established. Recent neuroscience studies have shown that physical exercise could have a positive impact on the brain, raising the hypothesis that the beneficial effects of physical exercise on psychological health are due to morphological and functional adaptation in the brain, rather than physiological adaptation to physical exercise. For example, it has been shown that physical exercise results in increased neurogenesis or expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor as well as improved cognitive abilities or reduced stress-induced depressive behavior. Although evidence of the neural and behavioral benefits of physical exercise is accumulating, the influences of different regimens of physical exercise on the brain and behavior remain unclear. This issue aims to outline the effects of physical exercise on pathological conditions with a focus on mood disorders, including depression and anxiety, and consider the neural mechanisms of the antidepressant / anxiolytic effects of physical exercise.

著者

栗林 千聡 佐藤 寛

出版者

Japanese Society of Sport Psychology

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.93-102, 2015

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study was to develop pilot evaluation of psychometric property of the Coach-Athlete Relationship Maintenance Questionnaire (CARM-Q) in Japanese junior tennis players and to examine its reliability and validity. The athlete version of CARM-Q was administered to 240 Japanese junior tennis players with a mean age of 15.7±1.3 years. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis replicated the factor structure found in the original version of the CARM-Q (Rhind and Jowett, 2012). Furthermore, it was suggested that the athlete version of CARM-Q had sufficient reliability and validity. The effects of the combination pattern of the coach-athlete dyad (athlete male/coach male, athlete male/coach female, athlete female/coach male, and athlete female/coach female) were tested via MANOVA using 7 subscales from the CARM-Q. Results revealed that the athlete male/coach female group was higher in Conflict management, Openness, and Motivational than the athlete male/coach male group. Additionally, the athlete female/coach male group revealed higher Motivational than the athlete male/coach male group. Future applications were also discussed regarding the CARM-Q as an assessment of the quality of the coach-athlete relationship in Japanese junior sport settings.

著者

河津 慶太 杉山 佳生 中須賀 巧

出版者

Japanese Society of Sport Psychology

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.153-167, 2012 (Released:2012-11-23)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

11 5

---

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the collective efficacy of sport teams and to investigate whether the relationships among collective efficacy, the behavior of sportspersons during a game, and team performance differs depending on the type of sporting event. Hence, we developed and examined a scale of efficacy to measure the above relationships in the first part of the study and applied this instrument in the second part of the study. The results of the first part of the study indicated that our scale consisted of 10 items with one common factor and had internal consistency, stability, construct validity, and criterion-related validity. In the second part of the study, we conducted a simultaneous analysis of several groups in order to investigate the above relationships. The results showed that the relationships among collective efficacy, the behavior of sportspersons during a game, and team performance differed depending on the type of sporting event. From these results, we inferred that the impact of different sporting events should be considered while examining the effects of collective efficacy on team performance.

著者

江田 香織 伊藤 正哉 杉江 征

出版者

Japanese Society of Sport Psychology

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.37-47, 2009 (Released:2009-05-08)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1 2

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of sense of authenticity (SOA) and contingent self-esteem (CSE) in college athletes' self-development on their mental health. University students (n =241) answered the sense of authenticity scale (SOAS) and the contingent self-esteem scale (CSES) administered as indicators of self-development, and the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28: somatic complaints, anxiety and insomnia, and severe depression). They were classified as athletes (n =156) or non-athletes (n =85). The results of examining the effect of SOA and CSE were as follows. SOA promoted the mental health in athletes and non-athletes. CSE promoted anxiety and insomnia in athletes, but showed no effect on any subscales of the GHQ-28 in non-athletes. Almost no difference in CSE was seen between athletes and non-athletes, although SOA was higher in athletes than non-athletes. The effect of CSE on anxiety and insomnia among athletes did not disappear with the influence of SOA. It has been suggested that SOA and CSE are located at opposite poles conceptually. However, the commitment of athletes to the athletic setting was promoted by their self-worth contingent on sporting achievements, which lead to performance enhancement. This indicates that neither SOA nor CSE is necessarily located at opposite poles conceptually for athletes. These results suggest first the possibility that there are states of SOA and CSE characteristic to athletes, and second the need to consider self-development from both of SOA and CSE in relation to athletes.

著者

井田 博史 福原 和伸 高橋 まどか 石井 源信 井上 哲理

出版者

Japanese Society of Sport Psychology

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.1-11, 2010 (Released:2010-04-15)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

3 2

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The Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE), which is a computer-simulated 3D virtual reality (VR) system, is expected to provide sport learners with interactive and immersive learning materials. The purpose of this study was to reveal perceptual characteristics of tennis players when they viewed the tennis ball flight reconstructed in CAVE. The visual stimuli of this study were reconstructed based on the actual measured values of the tennis court and the ball flight. Perceptual performances, subjective impression scoring and shot type discrimination (flat, topspin and slice), were assessed by varying the conditions of three visual VR settings: binocular disparity, screen number, and viewpoint. The augmented-disparity setting was likely to induce a higher sense of discomfort than the no-disparity and normal-disparity settings. The four-screen condition was more likely to induce a correct response than the one-screen condition. The viewpoint of the umpire induced a significantly higher sense of discomfort than the field player viewpoints, and the viewpoint close to the approaching ball made it more difficult to discriminate the shot type. This research was a pilot study on sport perception in VR, and the results will contribute to the construction of sport-simulating VR systems.

著者

松竹 貴大 實宝 希祥 門岡 晋 菅生 貴之 浅井 武

出版者

Japanese Society of Sport Psychology

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

2016

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Primary scientific data for evaluating information processing ability of the central nervous system that are associated with decision making was investigated in football players, by using event-related potentials (ERP; N200, P300) and reaction times. Participants were college football players who were winners of the all Japan university championship (n=8; Elites) and 8 graduate students with no football experience (n=8; Novices). They used an oddball paradigm consisting of a simple visual stimulus (Choice Reaction Task 1: CRT1) and an oddball paradigm consisting of a complex visual stimulus (Choice Reaction Task 2: CRT2). Results indicated that Elites had a significantly shorter reaction time than Novices in the CRT2. This finding corroborated many previous studies, and indicated that reaction times of Elites were faster than Novices. In addition, ERP (N200 and P300) was observed in all participants and there were no significant differences between the two groups in N200, or P300 latencies in the CRT1. However, Elites showed latencies that were significantly shorter than Novices in the CRT2. These results indicated that the process of evaluating and classifying stimuli was faster in Elites, suggesting that information processing ability of Elites was superior to Novices. In conclusion, this study identified basic scientific data on reaction times and ERP associated with evaluating information that are indicative of central nervous system processing ability associated with decision making by football players.

著者

島本 好平 石井 源信

出版者

Japanese Society of Sport Psychology

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.89-99, 2010 (Released:2010-10-08)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

39 7

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The purpose of this study was to investigate causal relationships reciprocally between sport experience in athletic clubs and life skills acquisition, through a three-wave panel study conducted at three-month intervals.Structural equation modeling on the cross-lagged effect model was conducted using panel data obtained from 173 students (93 males and 80 females) who completed questionnaires on sport experience in university athletic clubs (on self-disclosure, daily life guidance from leaders, challenge / achievement, support from others, and effort / endurance), and their level of acquisition of life skills (intrapersonal and interpersonal skills).The results suggested that (1) self-disclosure, support from others, and effort / endurance each had positive causal effects on interpersonal skills acquisition, (2) intrapersonal and interpersonal skills each had positive causal effects on self-disclosure and challenge/achievement experience, (3) there was no causal relationship between daily life guidance from leaders and life skills, and (4) a positive cycle of causality existed between self-disclosure and interpersonal skills.In conclusion, this longitudinal research supported previous studies in sport psychology which supposed that sport experience promotes life skills acquisition, and suggested that a reciprocal causal relationship existed between sport experience in athletic clubs and life skills.

著者

島本 好平 石井 源信

出版者

Japanese Society of Sport Psychology

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.127-136, 2009 (Released:2009-10-31)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

21 6

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This study aimed to investigate the influence of sport experience in physical education classes (PEC) on life skills acquisition between athlete students who participated in athletic clubs and non-athlete students. Investigation based on the causal model incorporating satisfaction as a positive dimension of mental health using Structural Equation Modeling with multi-group analysis was conducted using data obtained from 770 students (413 athlete and 357 non-athlete students). These students answered questionnaires on sport experience in PEC (self-disclosure, cooperation, challenge, and enjoyment) and the acquisition level of life skills (intrapersonal and interpersonal skills). The results indicated that (1) satisfaction mediated the positive effect of sport experience in PEC on life skills acquisition in both groups, and (2) a clear difference of positive effect was found in regard to challenge, i.e., "active practice to enhance athletic level". Concretely, only an indirect effect was found in athlete students, while only direct effects were found in non-athlete students. Moreover, it was indicated that the total effect of sport experience in PEC on life skills acquisition in non-athlete students was stronger than the total effect in athlete students.

著者

増澤 拓也 吉田 茂

出版者

Japanese Society of Sport Psychology

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.2, pp.69-84, 2011 (Released:2011-10-09)

参考文献数

16

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Sense-control (SC) training of ground reaction force when acquiring cornering skills was investigated. SC training can facilitate internal-standardization in the sense-control of loading and reaction forces in the direction of the resultant vector of inertia and gravity. Conversely, conventional (C) training cannot do so because it is based on external criteria given by instructors. Male participants (n=6) of identical skill levels were equally divided into two groups. In Experiment 1, Group A practiced SC training and Group B repeated C training. In Experiment 2, Group A had no training, such that retention could be assessed, whereas Group B practiced SC training to reconfirm its effects. The relevant skills in both groups were analyzed using the riding time of slalom, inward lean angle of the trunk, riding time on a straight 30m course, and cornering sense scores. The results of Experiment 1 showed significant positive effects of SC training on Group A compared to Group B, as indicated by above measures. The results of Experiment 2 indicated that Group A retained the shorter riding time of slalom, whereas after SC training, Group B showed the same riding time of slalom as Group A. We suggested that SC training facilitates acquiring balancing skills in the trunk-skill system by using internal-criteria as combination of sense-control factors. It is concluded that SC training is more effective for acquisition of the relevant skills than C training.

著者

林 晋子 土屋 裕睦

出版者

Japanese Society of Sport Psychology

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.1-14, 2012 (Released:2012-04-27)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

4

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Athletes alike continually endure stresses and pressures during the four-year preparation period between Olympic competitions. Olympians often need support for their psychological problems. However, athletes' experiences of such support have not been fully elucidated. This study clarified Olympian's experiences and psychological changes from their interview. In addition, according the result we discussed what kind of psychological supports Olympian needs in the future. We interviewed three, two time Olympic athletes, who did not achieve their Olympic goals and analyzed their experiences using the Trajectory Equifinality Model (TEM). Results showed that the athletes were influenced by social expectations, as well as by their relationship with coaches, teammates, and others. throughout Olympic campaigns. The results also revealed that there were psychological processes by events and the influences of society surrounding the athlete. Four characteristics of psychological support required by Olympic athletes were identified sequentially: (1) change of the competition environment, (2) surge of social attention, (3) environmental changes before the Olympics, and (4) giving meaning to the Olympics. The results also indicated that (3) and (4) were the most significant aspects of support.

著者

金 ウンビ 伊東 明宏 中塚 健太郎 坂入 洋右

出版者

Japanese Society of Sport Psychology

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.19-34, 2014

被引用文献数

3

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Two studies were conducted to examine psychological and behavioral effects of adding music and physical contacts to exercise programs. In Study 1,146 college students were divided into four exercise conditions: (1) exercise with music and physical contact (2) exercise with physical contact (3) exercise with music (4) exercise without music and physical contact. The effects of exercise on psychological aspects such as mood, satisfaction with the exercise, and human relationships were compared among the four groups. Results indicated that the pleasure and arousal level of mood state increased after exercise in all four conditions. Moreover, both music and physical contact increased the satisfaction with exercise and the physical contacts promoted human relationships. In Study 2, psychological and behavioral effects of the exercise were compared with almost same exercise but without music and physical contact. The state of anxiety levels and the interpersonal distance and interpersonal behaviors between each subjects and a partner of exercise were investigated in 16 college students before and after exercise. Results indicated that the score of positive affect factor of State-STAI increased after exercise with music and physical contact comparing to exercise without them. Moreover, the effects of exercise on interpersonal relationships, such as perception of interpersonal attraction, shortening of interpersonal distance, and increase of positive interpersonal behavior were significantly higher after exercising in pairs with background music, compared to doing almost the same exercise without music and physical contact. Furthermore, statistically significant correlations were observed between the change of interpersonal distance and the effects such as increase of positive affect and interpersonal behavior. The results of the study suggest the effectiveness of adding music and physical contacts to exercise to improve psychological states and interpersonal interactions of people.

著者

門田 浩二

出版者

Japanese Society of Sport Psychology

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.123-131, 2010 (Released:2010-10-08)

参考文献数

56

被引用文献数

1 2

---

It is a well-known fact that the control of our body movements is processed implicitly. Each movement we make activates various sensory receptors, and these signals can elicit motor reactions without intentional control of the individual. These smart, effortless systems for processing of sensorimotor information seem to underpin the generation of quick and diverse motor patterns to adapt to fluctuations of the external / internal environments. Much debate has arisen on how to account for the interactions between the system and volition of movement. Over the past two decades, many hidden aspects of implicit / automatic sensorimotor behavior and the underlying neural substrate have been clarified by neurophysiological and neuropsychological studies. The findings of these studies provide a good insight into how to clarify and / or refine the relationships among intention of movement, sensory information, and actual motor patters generated by the individual. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of implicit visuomotor controls and may lead to a better understanding of the mechanism of motor control in sports.