著者

野上 道男

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

日本地理学会発表要旨集

巻号頁・発行日

pp.100041, 2012 (Released:2013-03-08)

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魏志倭人伝は日本の地誌に関する最初の文書である.方位や里程の定義が示されていないので、記事の地名がどこに相当するかについて、様々な説がある.日本では倭(ヰ)国をワ国と読み、元祖ヤマト近畿説の日本書記がある.中国では随書の倭国伝・旧唐書の倭国伝・新唐書の日本伝に混乱した記述がある、江戸時代には新井白石/本居宣長(18世紀初頭/紀末)の研究があり、明治時代を経て皇国史観の呪縛を離れたはずの現在に至るまで、いわゆる邪馬台国論争として決着がついていない.そして現在では所在地論は大きく近畿説と九州説に分けられ、観光(町おこし)と結びついて、ご当地争いが激化し、学術的な論争の域を越える状況にある. 年代の明らかでない出来事の記述は歴史にならない.同様に場所を特定しない事物の記述は地理情報ではない.つまり、魏志倭人伝の読み方は全て場所の特定(方位と里程)から始まる.倭人伝は記紀と重なる時代についてのほぼ同時代文書である.そこに記述された歴史がどこで展開されたのか、これは古代史にとって基本的な問題であろう. 主な要点は以下の通りである1)記事に南とあるのはN150Eである.(夏至の日出方向)2)倭及び韓伝で用いられた1里は67mである.(井田法の面積に起源があると推定)3)古代測量は「真来通る」「真来向く」方向線の認定が基本である.4)里程は全て地標間の距離である.5)来倭魏使の行程記述には往路帰路の混同がある.6)子午線方向の位置(距離)を天文測量で得る方法を知っていた.7)邪馬台国は卑弥呼が「都せし国」である.8)倭国の首都は北九州の伊都(イツ)国である.

著者

岡本 耕平

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:00167444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.10, pp.695-712, 1983-10-01 (Released:2008-12-24)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

8 2

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本稿の目的は,名古屋市における認知距離をできるだけ多様な角度から検討することによって,研究方法の違いを越えて認められる認知距離の基本的性質を明らかにすることである.分析の結果,認知距離を規定する要因は,被験者の属性より,むしろ起点(被験者の位置),終点,認知される距離の種類などの刺激中心要因群であることがわかった.刺激中心要因群は,都市構造と関係するr本研究では特に,起点を複数選定し,しかも直線距離と時間距離の認知形態を比較した結果,名古屋市の都市構造が認知距離に及ぼす影響を見い出した.また名古屋市では,都心方向への距離は,都市縁辺方向への距離に比べて過小評価され, Lee (1970) の結果を支持した.

著者

岡橋 秀典

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 Series A (ISSN:18834388)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.6, pp.639-640, 2009-11-01 (Released:2011-08-25)

著者

Shin KAJITA

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan, Series B (ISSN:02896001)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.2, pp.147-158, 2001-12-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1

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This paper aims to summarize the mechanisms of public investment as a social policy in remote rural areas in Japan. It includes findings from former studies as well as a case study undertaken in Shimane by the author, and it discusses the function of public investment in terms of the relationship between the three major groupings involved in the local civil engineering industry. These groups are the “primary labor force group” (PLG) which consists of workers born before or in 1935, the “secondary labor force group” (SLG) which consists of workers born after 1935, and the “local civil engineering companies” (LCECs). In the 1970s and 1980s. there was a strong mutual dependence between the PLG and the LCECs in remote rural areas. PLG workers gave higher priority to maintaining a traditional rural lifestyle and hoped to find jobs in their local area, hence jobs for them should have been created through public works projects. The LCECs also wanted a cheap and quantitatively flexible labor force for public works projects, so public investment worked effectively as a regional social policy. However, as the PLG workers retired and a new generation of workers entered the work force, the disparity between the supply of and demand for labor in the civil engineering industry has increased and the role of public investment as a social policy has been weakened. These changes suggest that the so-called “kaso problem” is generation-specific and that public investment as a social policy for remote rural areas is nearing its end.

著者

Juliet Mavis BOON

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan, Series B (ISSN:02896001)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.2, pp.159-186, 2001-12-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

66

被引用文献数

3 3

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Urbanization and monetization systems have contributed to the reclamation and exploitation of mangroves, which have had some significant effects on the livelihood of those who rely on it. Informal uses of mangroves have received very little attention because they do not contribute to national revenue, and the inextricably linked effects of urbanization and monetary systems on mangrove degradation is lacking. The purpose of this study is to examine the socio-economic impacts of development on mangrove ecosystems and those who depend on it in four coastal villages of Samoa. Fifty households' questionnaire-assisted interviews were conducted first, to provide the social, cultural and economic value of mangroves to the local inhabitants. Second, to identify activities that have changed mangrove ecosystems, and then, to examine how these activities have changed the local inhabitants' social, cultural, and economic relationships with their environment. Findings suggest that, in two cases, land reclamation has strictly and seriously degraded mangrove resources particularly in terms of marine food supplies. For two other cases, increased accessibility to town and the monetization of the rural economy are also factors involved in the decline in quantity and size of fish catch due to the increasing reliance on sales of mangrove food resource for cash. This study supports the position that modern developmental initiatives must be carefully monitored to ensure that they do not undermine the social and economic well-being of resident communities, particularly in areas such as Samoa where a large proportion of the population relies on land and marine resources for their survival.

著者

Aung KYAW

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan, Series B (ISSN:02896001)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.2, pp.199-211, 2001-12-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

19

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There are two steps in Technopolis development: attraction of high-tech industries to the designated areas, and construction of technology linkages between these incoming high-tech plants, existing plants, local universities and government R & Ds. The latter step of Technopolis development is examined in this paper using the example of Koriyama technopolis. Data used in this study are derived from questionnaire surveys and personal interviews with the high-tech plant managers in the Koriyama technopolis area. It turns out that industry-university-government technology linkage formation is not well developed due to the absence of proper information channels and lack of interest from the high-tech plants in the results of technological cooperation. These problems seem to stem from the nature of branch plants and the historical technological development of Japan. Therefore, a long time period is necessary for the formation of technology linkages in provincial areas.

著者

Shigeo TAKAHASHI

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan, Series B (ISSN:02896001)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.2, pp.212-222, 2001-12-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

21

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Reflecting the diversification of business activities of Japanese-affiliated companies in the US., the location of such companies is changing from a ready-made pattern of concentration into a large metropolitan area towards a rather dispersed one. An increasing number of Japanese-affiliated companies have established their business bases in the interior of the US. In this paper, locational factors of Japanese-affiliated companies in the High Plains region of the U. S, are examined in order to understand this trend. It appears that various factors, in addition to agglomeration economies, are working to stimulate the establishment of business bases in the High Plains.

著者

Minako KURAMITSU

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan, Series B (ISSN:02896001)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.1, pp.15-32, 2001-06-30 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

35

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In these two decades, interest in ‘local’ has gradually increased in development theory and practice. ‘Participation, ’ one of the most prominent concepts in emphasizing ‘local, ’ has the purpose of implementing development projects based on people's needs at local level. Such needs are assumed to consist of ‘local’ factors. However, there are many meanings of ‘the local’ in development practice, and most of them are likely to converge on social and cultural aspects. This article attempts to examine factors influencing women's participation in two development programs in Samoa, in order to reconsider the meanings of ‘the local’ in relation with development practice. Comparing the two programs, factors influencing the possibility of women's participation were derived from various aspects; from human relations among the group to economic conditions in both individual households and residential villages. On the other hand, women's motivations to participate were basically determined by cultural norms. As a consequence, it is apparent that factors affecting the situations of women's participation are considerably diverse in terms of the projects themselves and women's daily lives. To comprehend the meanings of ‘the local, ’ it is necessary to consider the scales and the contents, which are regarded as ‘local’ in development practice.

著者

Atsuhiko TAKEUCHI Hideo MORI

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan, Series B (ISSN:02896001)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.1, pp.33-46, 2001-06-30 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

1 2

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The most important core that has sustained the innovations of the machinery industry of Japan is the technological complex composed of SMEs in Southern Tokyo, the core of which is ota-ku. Entering the 1990s, the firms and their industrial complex have changed their respective methods of operations under the drastic change in economic conditions. That is, in addition to the founding (1st) generation the new generation participated as management and engineering staff. This resulted in the crystallization of craftsmanship and ME technologies to bring about the sophistication of plants and their complex. These innovations were led not by the TNCs but by the SMEs. Consequently the complex of SMEs that was in a vertical relationship with the TNCs has functionally grown into a horizontal one. At the same time, the new generation that has grown up together in the same area has promoted its network or interchanges with various types of residents to strengthen the overall industrial community. In recent years, the local government has promoted attractive regional industrial projects to strengthen and fortify both the technological complex and the innovative system. The measures taken for the vitalization of industry have in turn, brought about the improvement of the environment. In Inner Tokyo, the basis of sustainable renovation depends upon the renewal of the area based upon the symbiosis of industrial complex and the environment.

著者

Takaaki NIHEI

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan, Series B (ISSN:02896001)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.1, pp.47-61, 2001-06-30 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

50

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Examining agricultural efficiency in terms of energy balance will be a first step in helping to find a solution to the sustainable development of agriculture, and to environmental problems such as the exploitation of natural resources especially in developed countries. This study attempts to define regional energy efficiency based on the regional input-output energy ratio (output/input), which is calculated by the input fossil fuel energy and output food energy of all crops produced in a region. It also investigates the changes in regional energy efficiency of the prefectures in Japan from 1970 to 1990. By inspecting typical combinations of crops, the regional energy efficiency, which will be an index for examining the temporal and spatial changes of regional crop production, is divided into four categories: high (regional input-output energy ratio: more than 2.7 in 1970 and 1990), middle (1.8-2.6 in 1970, 1.7-2.6 in 1990), low (0.7-1.7 in 1970, 0.7-1.6 in 1990) and very low (under 0.6 in 1970 and 1990). Applying these categories to the prefectural level, specific features were seen in the decrease of the prefectures with middle efficiency in the southern Kanto Region and the appearance of prefectures with very low efficiency in the southeastern part of Japan over two decades. It is considered that the decline of energy efficiency was caused mainly due to the increase in the percentage of greenhouse crops planted in the prefectures that are active in the production of paddy rice and horticultural crops. The emergence of the prefectures with very low efficiency in 1990 also implies that intensive crop production reinforces the impact on the natural environment by the usage of fossil fuel energy especially in the region that has high economic land productivity.

著者

Abdou Khadre DIAGNE

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan, Series B (ISSN:02896001)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.1, pp.62-77, 2001-06-30 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1 1

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Since the 1970s, tourism development in the Senegalese Petite Cote has rapidly expanded, with diverse impacts in a number of spheres. The human and physical geography of the Petite Cote and its ecosystems are being powerfully shaped by the new entrepreneurial activity. What changes, positive and negative, has tourism brought along the coastline How can locals be better integrated into the tourism sector How can sustainable tourism development be effectively promoted here To assess the impacts of coastal tourism, questionnaire surveys were conducted in 1999 and 2001 in three focal areas for tourism in Sali resort. The surveys indicate that tourism has significantly modified traditional social structure and spawned an array of new social ills, such as prostitution and theft. The tourism boom has transformed many villages into satellites for cheap menial labor. The present investigation can be usefully viewed as a concrete case study of unsustainable tourism development. Despite the fast pace of tourism expansion, it is still oriented largely to maximizing returns, with the evident exclusion of most of the local population. Numerous tourism-related pollutants now plague the environment of traditional villages. It is argued that locals should be better integrated into the tourism process and pollution must be dealt with by rigorous new measures with an aim to promoting more sustainable development in harmony with the local economy and ecology. In particular, necessary skill levels among locals must be upgraded; concomitantly, traditional activities can be reinforced within an eco-tourism framework geared to attracting more tourists interested in an alternative type of holiday experience.

著者

Lisa H. LEE

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan, Series B (ISSN:02896001)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.1, pp.78-91, 2001-06-30 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

1

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Performance studies have often placed their attention on performance as an event, and on how it reflects people. This article, however, focuses on the relationships between cultural performance, identity and space, as it plays out in the constitution of ethnic identities. Through a qualitative analysis of the Ikuno Korean Festival in Osaka, it examines and critiques how identities are constructed, and how this process is shaped by the mediation of intea and inter-community concerns. Particular attention is paid to the potential of reorganized culture through a thinking of similarity rather than difference. The dynamic interrelations suggest that festival provides a particular and informal public sphere wherein certain social logics and identities are contested. These discursive arenas are therefore marked by certain exclusions and inclusions. This study shows the complex process of identification at the micro-level through which identification is constituted and continuously negotiated through the mimetic process of everyday life.

著者

Taro OISHI

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan, Series B (ISSN:02896001)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.2, pp.117-131, 2001-12-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

34

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Recently, historical and cultural geographers have considered ethnic homeland to be an important concept, Because the emotional bonding between an ethnic group and a region is emphasized in this concept, ethnic groups must be examined within their regional context. In this paper, the author examines the ethnic persistence of the Acadians, a francophone group in New Brunswick, Canada. Although French settlers started to immigrate to Nova Scotia in the early seventeenth century, they became a minority in the present-day Maritime Provinces of Canada in the middle of the eighteenth century, when Great Britain's hegemony was established. In spite of a tough environment, the Acadians established many institutions, and as a consequence their collective consciousness was developed by the late nineteenth century. In Grande-Digue, one of the Acadian parishes in southeastern New Brunswick, endogamy is still dominant, and the geographical territory for marriage partners is comparatively limited. Although there are many differences among generations, most spouses are selected among the Acadians. As a result, the French language is maintained as their mother tongue in all generations. These facts contribute to the maintenance of ethnic tradition. In addition to this, it is important for the Acadians that the regional economy has revived and that Moncton has developed as a regional city in the Maritime Provinces, because job opportunities have increased and the Acadians do not have to emigrate to other regions. The Acadians maintain their traits and also play an important role in the development of New Brunswick. These factors contribute to the development of Acadian homeland.

著者

Chris JASPARRO

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan, Series B (ISSN:02896001)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.2, pp.132-146, 2001-12-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

78

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Since the end of the Cold War there has been growing attention paid to relationships between environment and security. Some scholars and policymakers have suggested that regional environmental protection provides a ‘soft power’ means by which Japan can contribute to its own as well as international security. However, there have been few studies devoted to articulating the links between environmental degradation and Japan's security. This study presents a case of how regional environmental problems affect Japan's security and strategic interests in Southeast Asia. The analysis suggests there are, in fact, compelling reasons for environmental problems in Southeast Asia to be viewed with concern from a security standpoint in Japan.

著者

Kazuko TANAKA

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan, Series B (ISSN:02896001)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.119-138, 2000-12-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

43

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A migration career, that is, a trajectory of personal migrations in space and time, is an important element in the understanding of urban residential areas. From this perspective, this paper analyzes and describes patterns of migration careers for South African people in Pretoria, South Africa. Pretoria was chosen as the study area because, in contrast with American cities, it is a city with less freedom. Sampled subjects were taken from groups of upper-class Whites, lower-class Whites and non-Whites. As for migration frequencies and motivations, there are clear differences not only between Whites and non-Whites, but also between upper-class and lower-class Whites. Each group shows a distinctive pattern of trajectories of residential shifts within Pretoria. Whites are characterized by much higher mobility than non-Whites. Their motivations and spatial trajectories are influenced by (1) the political oppression of apartheid, (2) economical affordability, and (3) a strong ethnical sense of belonging to their own communities. Spatial trajectories of South African migration careers are different from American ones. Both Whites and non-Whites in South Africa shift their residences within urban areas defined by the racial segregation imposed by apartheid. Americans move according to their preference of a place to live. This difference is derived from different urban histories; people and their lives are also different between the two societies. It should be noted that there is a strong interaction between people's urban lifestyle and the urban spatial structure. Residential differentiation is an important theme in the analysis of urban structures. Studies of migration careers in urban space are expected to give answers to fundamental questions regarding residential differentiation.

著者

Keiji YANO Tomoki NAKAYA Yoshitaka ISHIKAWA

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan, Series B (ISSN:02896001)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.165-177, 2000-12-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

6 9

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The purpose of this paper is to carefully examine the spatial pattern of human migration during the second half of the 1980s, by using geographical information system (GIS) and spatial interaction models (SIMs). It should be noted that this paper is based on the full data set of the inter-municipal migration extracted from the 1990 population census of Japan. This paper firstly uses GIS to provide the features of the Japanese migration system based on municipality units. As a result, the two major migration patterns in the late 1980s are observed; influx of population to the Keihin metropolitan area from non-metropolitan areas, and to prefectural capital cities from other cities of the same prefecture. Next, Fotheringham's competing destinations models are also applied to the inter-municipal migration flows. It is found that the spatial distribution of accessibility parameter estimates has a significantly contrastive pattern: the estimates of the origins in the non-metropolitan areas are positive and show the agglomeration effect in migration process, while the ones in the metropolitan areas are negative and show the competing effect. These results suggest that accessibility parameter estimates reflect not only the spatial configuration of origins and destinations, but also the preference of migrants for the large metropolitan areas reflecting the Japanese core-periphery structure and the business cycle in the boom period of the late 1980s.

著者

Masatoshi YOSHINO

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan, Series B (ISSN:02896001)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.178-190, 2000-12-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

40

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Environmental change, particularly climatic change during the recent years, and its impact on rice production in Thailand and in Monsoon Asia were dealt with. First, it was pointed out that Thailand is situated roughly on the northeastern border of the area dominated by the SW monsoon in South Asia in the northern summer. On the other hand, it is located on the southwestern border of the prevailing NE monsoon in Southeast Asia in the northern winter. So Thailand is located in the most sensitive region for year-to-year change of the monsoons. Secondly, differences of precipitation and rice production between the El Nino years and the La Nina years in South Asia and Southeast Asia, including Thailand were dealt with. It is shown that a decrease in the El Nino years and, in contrast, an increase in the La Nina years is obvious. This is clearer in South Asia than in Southeast Asia, where there are some exceptional cases. Thirdly, examples in Northeast Thailand were presented. It is interesting to note that the differences of precipitation between 1992 (dry year) and 1994 (wet year) were negative, but the rice yield in the dry season was positive. This was considered to be a result of rapid technological development in the provinces of Northeast Thailand in the early 1990s, excepting the provinces of the surrounding mountainous or border region. Lastly, the concluding remarks took into consideration environmental problems on the global and Monsoon Asian scale as well as those in Thailand on a regional scale.

著者

Tamiko KURIHARA

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan, Series B (ISSN:02896001)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.191-206, 2000-12-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

69

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify economic activities and strategies of sogo shosha, that is, the nine largest Japanese general trading companies, in response to different markets, namely the United States and Canada, during the early 1990s. This was a crucial period, due to the commencement of the North American Free Trade Agreement and the bursting of the Japanese bubble economy. The paper focuses on the characteristics of Japanese trading and investment patterns during the period in question, with particular attention to the activities of sogo shosha, in order to understand their current economic activities in North America. The American sogo shosha emphasize both offshore trade and domestic trade in the United States. The Canadian sogo shosha largely depend on the bilateral trade between Canada and Japan. Sogo shosha investment in the United States was more market-orientated, while that in Canada was more resource-oriented. The paper also includes exploration of the locational and functional implications of branches of sogo shosha. By changing their organizational operations and with concomitant functional changes in branches, four sogo shosha in the United States have pursued the localizing business strategies, while their counterparts in Canada have remained closer to the trading prototype. The examination of the different trading and investment patterns of sogo shosha in the United States and Canada reveals that they have recognized the United States and Canada as two distinct markets. It also shows the economic environments of the host and home countries have affected the economic activities of sogo shosha in North America.

著者

Loren SIEBERT

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan, Series B (ISSN:02896001)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.207-224, 2000-12-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

2 3

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Spatial and temporal patterns of urbanization in Tokyo and Kanagawa were analyzed based on changes in administrative type from village to town to city to ward. Using a GIS, changes in these units between 1889 and 1995 were recorded from historical maps, half-decade censuses, and other sources. Many areas had sequential change (on a progression from village to town to city to ward), others had nonsequential change, skipping one or more steps, and some remain unchanged. There was an expanded core-city zone of nonsequential transition (from village or town directly to ward), an inland/coastal suburb zone of sequential transition (e. g., villages became a town, then towns became a suburban city), a foothills zone of nonsequential transition (e. g., villages and a town joined to become a city), and a mountaintowns zone of sequential transition (villages formed a town). These four zones form an alternating pattern of nonsequential, sequential, nonsequential, and sequential transition types. Areas adjacent to the core cities of Tokyo and Yokohama had nonsequential transitions, annexed as wards from villages or towns in the 1920s and 1930s. The next zone had gradual, sequential formation of mid-sized suburban cities, with most conversions to city occurring in the 1950s through 1970s. The third zone comprised satellite cities formed by nonsequential consolidation of villages and towns to form large mountain-edge cities, at various times during the century. The final zone had sequential change from mountain village to town. These urbanization transition zones reflect the differences in core, suburban, and satellite city growth patterns.

著者

Koji KOBAYASHI Ewa TAYLOR

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan, Series B (ISSN:02896001)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.225-240, 2000-12-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

4