著者

小島 哲朗

出版者

The Ornithological Society of Japan

雑誌

鳥 (ISSN:00409480)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.79-80, pp.204-205, 1962-12-31 (Released:2009-02-26)

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A female Owstons' Varied Tit Parus varius owstoni, a dark race of Seven Is. of Izu had been kept by the author in Tokyo from October. In next September this bird moulted its plumage and acquired an entirely different colour which was almost exactly copious to the mainland race P. v. varius!The racial colour pattern in this species is therefore entirely climatic (though based only on an example). The measurements remained unchanged.

著者

新妻 靖章 高橋 晃周 黒木 麻希 綿貫 豊

出版者

The Ornithological Society of Japan

雑誌

日本鳥学会誌 (ISSN:0913400X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.2, pp.145-150,165, 1999-10-25 (Released:2007-09-28)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

14 14

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野外調査において対象としている鳥種の性を判別することは重要である.しかし,ウミスズメ類は明らかな性的二型を外部形態に,またどちらかの性のみによる繁殖ディスプレイを示さないため,外見から性を判別することは難しい.北海道北西部,日本海に浮かぶ天売島に繁殖するウトウ,73羽(雄34羽雌39羽)の外部形態を計測した後,内部生殖器によって性を判別した.嘴高,頭長とフショ長において,雄の方が有意に大きいという性的二型が認められたため,増加ステップワイズによる判別分析を試みた.その結果,以下の式が得られた.D=114.22-3.25BD-0.64HL(F2.70=71.96,p<0.001,BD:嘴高,HL:頭長)判別式が,D<0のとき雄,D>0のとき雌とウトウは性別され,雄,雌の判別率はそれぞれ91.2%と100%であった.しかし,外部形態は同一種であっても繁殖地間で異なることが知られているので,天売島以外で繁殖する個体にこの判別式を適用するには注意する必要がある.外部形態から性を判別することの利点は,野外調査において,その場で性を判別し実験操作を可能とするところである.

著者

井関 直政 長谷川 淳 羽山 伸一 益永 茂樹

出版者

The Ornithological Society of Japan

雑誌

日本鳥学会誌 (ISSN:0913400X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.37-55, 2002 (Released:2007-09-28)

参考文献数

66

被引用文献数

4 4

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化学物質による野生鳥類の研究史についてわが国の取り組みを紹介した.ダイオキシン類の汚染が大きな注目を浴びた近年,それらの問題に向けた対策や技術は大きな社会現象にもなった.わが国における化学物質による野生動物への影響に関する研究は,未だ少ないのが現状である.著者らは,魚食性鳥類であるカワウに着目し,ダイオキシン類の体内残留レベルを明らかにすると共に,既報の日本産鳥類のデータと比較した.その結果,カワウは最も高濃度に蓄積する鳥種であった.またPCDD/Fs の残留パターンは, 2,3,7,8-置換体PCDD/Fsが優占し,WHO-TEF (birds) を用いた毒性値への寄与には,1,2,3,7,8-PeCDDや2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF,CB126が大きな寄与を示した.肝臓におけるこれらのコンジェナーは,筋肉や卵よりも特異に蓄積していた.カワウにおけるダイオキシン類の半減期を算出し,環境濃度から卵への濃度を予測した結果,孵化率への影響は1970 年代をピークに減少傾向であることが推察された.現在のダイオキシン類の曝露による未孵化率は27%と見積もられ,個体群の減少には影響しないことが結論づけられた.しかしながら,別のエンドポイントや免疫などの調査の必要性が考えられ,これらを遂行するための非捕殺的モニタリング手法など,カワウ個体群をリスク管理するための新たな取り組みが期待された.

著者

Akira Chiba Rhyuhei Honma

出版者

The Ornithological Society of Japan

雑誌

ORNITHOLOGICAL SCIENCE (ISSN:13470558)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.123-130, 2010-12-25 (Released:2010-12-25)

参考文献数

23

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In the course of our fieldwork study at Hyo-ko Waterfowl Park, a local preserve in Niigata Prefecture, Japan, we found a male presumed wild hybrid between a Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope and a Falcated Duck A. falcata in 2007; another or possibly the same individual was found again in 2009. The bird shared morphological traits with both species, although it was biased toward the Falcated Duck. Occasionally, the bird joined courting parties of Eurasian Wigeon, followed Wigeon females or competed with Wigeon males, and also showed courtship displays, e.g. Grunt-whistle, Head-up-tail-up, and Burping call, all of which were more like those of the Falcated Duck than those of the Eurasian Wigeon. Thus, the hybrid bird was sexually active to a considerable extent, but it remains unknown whether or not it actually formed a pair bond with a female of either parent species.

著者

三島 冬嗣

出版者

The Ornithological Society of Japan

雑誌

鳥 (ISSN:00409480)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.65, pp.24-27, 1955-04-20 (Released:2009-02-26)

参考文献数

1

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Among the specimens in the Game Management Bureau Collection, the author found the following new records: Coccothraustes coccothraustes lönnbergi Bergman Matsuwajima, M. Kuriles May 27, 1940 _??_ad.Shimokita, Aomori May 8, 1938 _??_ad.Coccothraustes coccothraustes verticalis ButurlinKiso, Nagano November, 1928 _??_ad.(Also Ishikari, Hokkaido November 6, 1928 2_??__??_(Momiyama coll.)The both races are reported by Momiyama (1939) from Shimane, W. Honshu. Pinicola enucleator urupensis ButurlinIshikawa November, 1948 _??_ad.A live example has undoubtedly been obtained in Toyama, 1949.

著者

樋口 広芳 小池 重人

出版者

The Ornithological Society of Japan

雑誌

鳥 (ISSN:00409480)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.27-36, 1978-06-30 (Released:2008-09-11)

参考文献数

133

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Distributional records of woodpeckers in various islands of the Japanese islands, Sakhalin, Kuriles, and Taiwan were surveyed on the basis of many reports, papers, and our original data.

著者

安藤 義範

出版者

The Ornithological Society of Japan

雑誌

日本鳥学会誌 (ISSN:0913400X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.29-38, 1993-05-25 (Released:2007-09-28)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

2 2

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1990年に島根県松江市のコロニーにおいて,サギ類6種の営巣場所選択について調査した.コロニーは低い丘の傾斜地にあり,その植生はスギ,クリ,アカマツの3樹種が優占していた.調査区内の営巣数はゴイサギが半数を占め,ダイサギ,アオサギの営巣数は非常に少なかった.ダイサギ,アオサギは調査区東側に集中しており,主にアカマツの高木の樹頂部を営巣場所として選択していた. ゴイサギ,コサギ,チュウサギ,アマサギはダイサギ,アオサギと比べて,多くの樹種を選択した. コサギ,チュウサギ,アマサギは調査区西側に集中しており,主に亜高木を利用していたが,コサギは樹冠内部を,チュウサギ,アマサギは樹頂部付近を選択する傾向がみられた.ゴイサギは調査区全体に広く分布しており,高木の樹頂部付近に多く営巣していた.サブプロット毎の営巣数を用いて, Spearmanの順位相関係数を算出すると,ダイサギ,アオサギの2種間,アマサギ,コサギ,チュウサギの3種間で生の相関がみられた.どの種間にも負の相関はみられなかった.

著者

羽田 健三 中村 浩志

出版者

The Ornithological Society of Japan

雑誌

鳥 (ISSN:00409480)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.88, pp.41-59, 1970-12-25 (Released:2008-12-24)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

5 3

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1. This study of the breedingbiology of Japanese Greenfich Chloris sinica minor was conducted during March 1966 and August 1968, in an area of 660 ha of farmlands in Nagano prefecture, 400 m of altitude. 2. The study is based on breeding records of 262 nests, eleven all-day observations on breeding pairs and 824 marked individuals.3. The breeding procedure cousisted of five periods: preparatory-nest-building-egg-laying-incubation-chick-raising and famiy-life periods.4. Pair formation is advanced through the male's series of behaviors which are: courtship song-coutship posture to an attracted female-leading the female into a selected nest-tree-following after the female. After pair is formed the female selects the nest site.5. When the female fails to find the nest site within the male's territory, she would wander out of it for seardh of a good site, fllwed by the male. Therefore, the first territory is abandoned.6. Early in the breeding season, before middle April, they work for nest-building only in the morning and diappear in the afternoon to join the flock.7. The female only builds the nest and the male follows her closely.8. The nest-building period varies from about 14 days in the earlier part of the season, before 5 April, to as short as 4 days after entering May.9. This is due to the situation that in early season they feed on seeds left from the previous year and need time in foraging, their nest-building and egg-laying are prolonged. Later in the season, they can efficiently feed on rich source of new grass seeds and therefore finish neting in a short time and lay eggs at onde.10. The egg is usually laid one each day early in the morning. There were three exceptions (out of 68 caseg) in which eggs were laid in less than 24 hours.11. Day incubation is commenced after laying the first egg of clutch but true or night incubation sets in after the clutch has been completed.12. The female only incubates and is fed by the male. This feeding is usually (76.9%) performed at exposed places outside of the nest (The female may remain to be fed in the nest when she is conscious of observer) and never in the nest-tree. The feeding spots are concentrated along the territory border 20-40m from the nest and at least 8m it. Judging by the observer's personnal experience this has advantage to protect the nest from predator.13. The incubation period varied between 12 and 15 days but 40.6% were 12 days and 46.9 % 13 days.14. A clutch hatched in 1-3 days, with 89.4% in 2 days.15. Both sexes engaged in feeding the chicks and the frequency was 11 times a day This very low rate as compared with those in insect-eating passerines is due to the presence fo the crop in which the parents carry and chickc store the food.16. The chicks' growth of body weight slown in later stage and slightly decrease before nest-leavin, but the quills grow continuously. The tail is still short on flying.17. Teh feeding period of nestlings was 12-17, usually 14-15 (51.7%), days. After flying chicks were fed by both parents for 7-10 days and a few pairs commenced the second brood.

著者

高木 昌興

出版者

The Ornithological Society of Japan

雑誌

日本鳥学会誌 (ISSN:0913400X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.61-81, 1999-05-25 (Released:2007-09-28)

参考文献数

75

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野生鳥獣の生息地の減少や分断化は個体の移動分散を妨げ,近親交配が起きる確率を高くする.小さな個体群では遺伝的浮動が強く働き,配偶相手が近縁である可能性が必然的に高くなる.個体数が激減し,近親交配によって地域的な個体群の絶滅が加速されると危惧される一方で,近親交配の回避が困難と思われる少数個体から個体数が回復した個体群,また近年になって確立した大洋島の個体群が存在する.実際,近親交配が繁殖能力や生存に関係する代謝能力などの形質値の平均を低下させることは実験動物や家畜の研究から古くから指摘されている.野外鳥類でも個体識別した個体群を用いて,長期的に家系が明らかされ,近親交配が検出されてきた.その結果,野外鳥類の近親交配は孵化率を低下させることがわかった.また,DNAを用いた研究では近親交配の指標として利用することができるヘテロ接合度と繁殖や生存に関係する変数との間に負の相関関係が認められている.しかし,近交弱勢を伴わない場合や近親交配によってできた子供が高い生産性を持つ場合があることもわかった.さらに,個体群のおかれている地理的状況や人口統計学的要因によっては,近親交配を回避するよりも近親交配を選択した方が適応的な場合もあり得ることが示唆された.今後は,人為的に個体群を創設するか,定着の歴史が異なる同種個体群を見つけだし,人口統計学的データ,個体,および個体群の両方のレベルで対立遺伝子数やヘテロ接合度などの遺伝的構造に関する変数,さらに繁殖成績に関する変数をモニターすることが必要である.そして,それらの関係を詳細に解析することで,近親交配が個体群の遺伝的構造や生活史形質に与える影響を明らかにできるであろう.

著者

Takashi Yamamoto Hiroyoshi Kohno Akira Mizutani Hanako Sato Hiroki Yamagishi Yutaka Fujii Miku Murakoshi Ken Yoda

出版者

The Ornithological Society of Japan

雑誌

ORNITHOLOGICAL SCIENCE (ISSN:13470558)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.17-22, 2017 (Released:2017-03-01)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

12

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There is increasing evidence showing that wind velocity affects the flight and foraging behavior of seabirds; however, few studies have examined these effects on seabirds inhabiting tropical oceans where lighter wind conditions usually prevail. The Brown Booby Sula leucogaster is an example of a tropical seabird with relatively low wing loading; strong wind conditions may be expected to impede the stability of their flight. We examined how different wind conditions affected the duration and flying behavior of Brown Booby fledglings during foraging trips by means of direct observation of nest attendance and by attaching video loggers to birds. The duration of foraging trips by fledglings decreased with increasing wind speed, and during flight, the body rotation of fledglings became greater with increasing wind speed. As expected, fledglings were buffeted by strong winds due to their relative inexperience in flight combined with their low wing loading. Fledglings were probably forced to flap against strong winds in order to adjust the stability of their bodies, offsetting the efficient use of wind for gliding. Furthermore, the height at which fledglings flew fluctuated more at higher wind velocities, which may have constrained their detection and capture of prey. In conclusion, our results indicate that the aerodynamic performance of Brown Booby fledglings is impaired by strong wind conditions, leading to poor flight stability and potentially reduced prey detection.

著者

Ivana NOVCIC

出版者

The Ornithological Society of Japan

雑誌

ORNITHOLOGICAL SCIENCE (ISSN:13470558)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.107-113, 2020 (Released:2020-01-30)

参考文献数

57

被引用文献数

1

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An important property of a foraging group is its density, particularly measured as nearest-neighbor distance. This study examined whether distance to the nearest neighbor changes over short time intervals in two fast-moving foragers, Dunlin Calidris alpina and Semipalmated Sandpiper C. pusilla, while at a spring stopover site in Delaware Bay, USA. For 181 focal individuals, nearest-neighbor distance was recorded in 5-s intervals for 60 seconds. For each focal individual, measured values were compared with those recorded at the beginning and end of observations, with the mean of values recorded at the beginning and end of observations, and with the mean of values recorded at the beginning, middle and end of observations. The results of this study indicate that single-point estimates of nearest-neighbor distance may not be appropriate in fast-moving foragers such as sandpipers.

著者

R. Todd ENGSTROM Lars EDENIUS Tej B. THAPA Basu BIDARI Anil GURUNG Grzegorz MIKUSIŃSKI

出版者

The Ornithological Society of Japan

雑誌

ORNITHOLOGICAL SCIENCE (ISSN:13470558)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.29-40, 2020 (Released:2020-01-30)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

2

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Maintaining biological diversity is an important objective at Chitwan National Park (CNP), the most visited national park in Nepal. Given human uses and manipulations of forests both in and around CNP, developing forest management guidelines that can both support human use of trees and sustain the biological diversity of the forests is a high priority. In February 2009 we measured bird communities with point counts, woodpecker abundance with playback, and collected vegetation data in Sal Shorea robusta and riverine forests in CHP and a nearby community forest to provide basic data on bird-habitat associations with an emphasis on woodpeckers. Riverine forest had over twice the density of trees per ha (many small trees), higher tree species richness, and greater basal area than Sal forest. Sal forest had more large trees than riverine forest. We detected 71 bird species during the point counts in the study forests, 18 more during playback sessions, and an additional 12 species that were more associated with adjacent habitats (e.g., wetlands or flying overhead) for a total of 101 species. Among resident species, 31% were primary or secondary tree-cavity nesters. On average for point counts, we detected 29.5 bird species (2.2 woodpeckers) on transects located in riverine forest and 23.3 bird species (1.8 woodpeckers) in Sal forests, but the difference was not statistically significant. While riverine forest had several commonly occurring species not detected in Sal forest, the opposite was not the case. The regression of woodpecker species richness against large tree density in both Sal and riverine forests was positive, but not statistically significant. As a method of sampling woodpeckers, playback resulted in approximately twice the number of individuals and species compared to detection from point counts.

著者

堀田 昌伸 江崎 保男

出版者

The Ornithological Society of Japan

雑誌

日本鳥学会誌 (ISSN:0913400X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.3, pp.145-157, 2001-08-31 (Released:2007-09-28)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

3 2

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樹洞営巣性鳥類の樹洞をめぐる種内•種間の相互関係について,自然樹洞の研究を中心にレビューした.樹洞営巣性鳥類の研究では巣箱が積極的に使われてきた.巣箱を利用することには,巣箱の中を容易に観察できるために繁殖成功を正確に測ることができる点や巣箱とその中身の追加•除去などにより操作実験が可能となる点など幾つかの利点がある.しかし,繁殖密度や種構成などが容易に変化してしまうなど不利な点もある.van Balen et al. (1982)以降,自然樹洞での樹洞営巣性鳥類に関する研究が少なからず行われるようになってきた.そこで,自然樹洞に関する研究について,利用可能な樹洞数と樹洞営巣性鳥類の占有率,頻繁な樹洞の再利用,営巣場所選択における競争と捕食の重要性を概説した.最後に,森林管理や保全の観点から興味深い "Nest Webs" の考え方について簡単に紹介した.

著者

馬場 智子

出版者

The Ornithological Society of Japan

雑誌

日本鳥学会誌 (ISSN:0913400X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.45-48, 2005 (Released:2007-09-28)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2

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I examined prey remains collected under three osprey nests and their perches at Yashima, Takamatsu, Kagawa Prefecture, in 2002 and 2003. Forty-nine Mugil cephalus, four Lateolabrax japonicus, two Sparidae, fifty-eight Thamnaconus modestus, twenty-seven Carassius sp. and Crassistrea sp. were indentified from prey remains. T. modestus and Crassistrea sp. were new records in the diet of the Osprey in Japan.

著者

山階 芳麿

出版者

The Ornithological Society of Japan

雑誌

鳥 (ISSN:00409480)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.30, pp.en113-en115_1, 1930-11-25 (Released:2008-12-24)

被引用文献数

1

著者

Natalia Tańska Rafał Czechowski Konrad Leniowski Ewa Węgrzyn

出版者

The Ornithological Society of Japan

雑誌

ORNITHOLOGICAL SCIENCE (ISSN:13470558)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.183-188, 2019 (Released:2019-07-29)

参考文献数

25

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We investigated the division of provisioning between Fieldfare Turdus pilaris mates as well as synchronisation and alternation of parental feeding trips. We found that parents equally participated in provisioning of older nestlings, but males provisioned young nestlings more than their mates. Synchronisation between parents was higher during the early nestling stage, when they alternated more than during the whole nestling stage. During the early nestling stage alternation was correlated with parental share in provisioning, suggesting that alternation may ensure more equal participation of each parent in provisioning. However, we did not find an analogous relationship between alternation and provisioning during the late nestling stage.

著者

Sharifah Nur Atikah Muhammad Syafiq Yahya Chong Leong Puan Mohamed Zakaria Badrul Azhar

出版者

The Ornithological Society of Japan

雑誌

ORNITHOLOGICAL SCIENCE (ISSN:13470558)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.127-134, 2019 (Released:2019-07-29)

参考文献数

51

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A high demand for palm oil has led to the continued expansion of oil palm agriculture at the expense of tropical forests and forest biotic communities in many developing countries. The response of wildlife to oil palm establishment has been shown to vary according to taxa, and many forest species may not be able to adapt to the altered landscape. Many nocturnal bird species have been recorded in oil palm agriculture. Whether such forest species can also thrive in such a landscape is not known, and their responses to habitat complexity are poorly understood. We conducted point surveys of nocturnal birds (Tytonidae, Strigiformes and Caprimulgiformes over 80 points spaced at least 800 m apart and revisited five times) in oil palm smallholdings at Tanjung Karang, Kuala Selangor. Environmental factors measured at each point included: average height of oil palm stands, palm density, crop richness, and distances to the nearest forest, river and road. We recorded a total of 577 individuals of seven species. Palm density and distance to river were found to positively influence nocturnal bird species richness, whereas distance to the nearest forest was found to negatively influence avian species richness. In the case of abundance, number of oil palms, crop richness, and distance to the nearest river were found to influence nocturnal bird abundance positively in the smallholdings; however, distance to the nearest forest was found to influence bird abundance negatively. These findings suggest that maintaining key vegetation structure while reducing manmade structures such as roads may benefit nocturnal bird species in the smallholdings particularly those of open and semi-open habitats. However, the number of forest-associated species remained low in the smallholdings, which may only serve as suboptimal habitat for these birds. This implies that forest-associated species may not be able to persist in such landscapes.

著者

László Bozó Wieland Heim Daronja Trense Pia Fetting Hans-Jürgen Eilts Jonas Wobker Tibor Csörgő

出版者

The Ornithological Society of Japan

雑誌

ORNITHOLOGICAL SCIENCE (ISSN:13470558)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.177-181, 2019 (Released:2019-07-29)

参考文献数

31

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The aim of our study was to describe the migration timing of two Siberian Locustella species at a breeding site in the Russian Far East. Our results show, that juvenile Lanceolated Warbler Locustella lanceolata leave the study site earlier than adults, while juvenile Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler L. certhiola start their migration later than adults, which might be caused by juveniles and adults moulting at different times. Both species undertake a fast migration without long-term stopovers at the study site.

著者

熊谷 三郎

出版者

The Ornithological Society of Japan

雑誌

鳥 (ISSN:00409480)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.42, pp.142-154, 1936-05-05 (Released:2008-12-24)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

1

著者

今井 清

出版者

The Ornithological Society of Japan

雑誌

日本鳥学会誌 (ISSN:0913400X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.1-12, 2003 (Released:2007-09-28)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

1 1

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ニワトリ Gallus gallus domesticus は産業上最も重要な家禽であり,その原種はセキショクヤケイ G. gallus とみられている.家禽とは卵または肉の供給源として人類が作りあげてきた鳥類であり,ニワトリをはじめウズラ,シチメンチョウ,アヒルなどが含まれる.ニワトリ,したがって鳥類における卵生産の過程は,卵巣における卵胞成長,最大卵胞の排卵,卵管内での卵形成および放卵から成り立つ.本論文は,まずニワトリの放卵にみられる規•bull;性について記述するとともに,卵生産に関する生理学,特に内分泌制御機構について概説した.卵胞の急速成長に要する期間は多くの卵胞で7日から10日の範囲内にあり,8日型のものが最も多い.卵胞に蓄積される卵黄物質は卵胞エストラジオールの刺激により肝臓で作られ,血流によって成長卵胞に運ばれる.最大卵胞(ヒエラルキー第1位卵胞)の排卵のために重要なホルモンは,下垂体から放出されるLHと卵胞で分泌されるプロジェステロンである.卵形成は,卵管内で卵白,卵殻膜,卵殻が卵黄の周りに順次形成される過程であり,これに果たす卵管各部位の役割やその時間的経過についてはよく知られている.放卵に関与するホルモンとして下垂体神経葉から放出されるバゾトシンと排卵後卵胞および最大卵胞で産生されるプロスタグランジンがあり,さらに卵胞ステロイド,特にプロジェステロンの卵管への感作も重要であると考えられる.以上を要約すれば,視床下部-下垂体-生殖腺ならびに生殖腺-肝臓を結ぶホルモン機能環が,ニワトリ(鳥類)における卵生産機能発現の根幹をなす制御機構であると結論される.