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1 0 0 0 IR ハマボウの保全の歴史と現状(保全情報)

著者: 中西弘樹
出版者: 日本生態学会
雑誌: 保全生態学研究 (ISSN:13424327)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.15, no.1, pp.153-158, 2010
参考文献数: 15

The history and present status of the conservation of <i>Hibiscus hamabo</i> Siebold et Zucc., which grows around salt marshes and is considered a semi-mangrove plant, were studied. Recently, several localities of this species have been designated as town, city, and prefectural natural monuments. The species is listed in the regional Red Data Book for most prefectures where it occurs. Citizens and government departments have performed numerous conservation activities. The conservation activities of citizens have varied, although some have incorrectly involved transplanting <i>H. hamabo</i> from other regions. It is important that conservation activities are carried out not only by citizens but also by government departments and researchers.

2022-02-01 23:10:59
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1 0 0 0 霊長類の文化

著者: 中村美知夫
出版者: 日本霊長類学会
雑誌: 霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)
巻号頁・発行日: no.24, pp.229-240, 2009

More than half a century has passed since Imanishi (1952) proposed ‘culture’ to nonhuman animals. Now, although there is still some skepticism, the discussion of nonhuman cultures is widely accepted in the international academic world. It seems that the study of cultures has become one of the important topics in primatology. In this review, I introduce recent trends of cultural studies on nonhuman primates. First, I give a brief outline of the history of the studies. Then I summarize recent findings of cultural primatology by dividing them into the following three domains: 1) chimpanzee tool use; 2) chimpanzee cultures other than tool use; 3) cultures in other primate species. The most well studied domain is the foraging tool use where more and more additional information about the distributions of known tool types has been reported from new study sites in addition to several novel tool types. From long studied sites, the details of developmental process or tool selection are often well investigated. There are some reports on cultural behaviors outside of foraging tool techniques but the information is still limited compared to tool use. Finally I introduce some of the recent debates on nonhuman cultures by focusing on the distinction between culture and tradition, the distinction between social and asocial learning, and the ‘ethnographic’ method often employed by field primatologists. I argue that recent discussions of animal culture often tacitly include the idea of hierarchical advances that implies the complex and sophisticated human culture is in the highest and the best stage. This reminds us of the outdated view on human cultural hierarchism which saw the modernized western culture as the final stage. I stress the importance of writing ‘real’ ethnographies of nonhuman primates for full development of cultural primatology.