著者

FUJINAGA Go

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.2, pp.137-148, 2010-03-30 (Released:2010-05-20)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1 1

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This research analyzes the spatial characteristics of rural Japanese communities under post-productivism, with particular emphasis on their educational functions. More specifically, it focuses on experience-based learning about agriculture, forestry and fishery industries. This type of learning is linked with dietary education, environmental education and aesthetic education, whose importance has been highlighted in recent years, in the context of education farm. The study takes two elementary schools in Saga City as examples, and examines the specific nature of their education farm activities, and their relationships with the local area. Most education farm activities in Japan are carried out at educational institutions such as schools. Therefore, in most cases such farm-related educational activities are conducted for local children, taking the school district as the basic unit. The materials and personnel used in these activities are of course mainly procured from within the local area. In other words, the instructional materials used by these programs are human resources primarily drawn from residents who have worked in the agriculture, forestry, and fishery industries, and the land resources which are the basis of their livelihood. In contemporary Japanese rural communities which are experiencing depopulation, aging, and declining educational capabilities, the use of the rural community space as a new regional resource that is different from economic consumption has great significance for developing new educational functions through educational institutions like schools.

著者

TSUTSUMI Jun

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.1, pp.47-48, 2009-08-30 (Released:2009-10-07)

著者

NIHEI Takaaki

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.2, pp.49-59, 2010-03-30 (Released:2010-05-20)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

3 2

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This study examines the mechanism of commodification in regional paddy rice production by focusing on the development and adoption of new varieties of rice. By presenting cases of the Tohoku region—one of the main paddy rice-producing regions in Japan—the spatial distribution of new rice varieties after the 1990s is recapitulated as follows: (1) at the regional level, distinct regional differentiation appeared with the emergence of main rice varieties in each prefecture; (2) at the prefecture level, planted areas of paddy rice decreased and the percentage of the main rice variety increased; and (3) throughout the regional and prefectural levels, the naming of new rice varieties was simplified and generalized. In the process of development and distribution of the new varieties of paddy rice, some conditions are considered as the commodification of the paddy rice-producing centers: (1) corresponding with recent market demands, new varieties with good flavor were constantly bred and spread; (2) values of some of the new varieties increased by being designated as “regional brand-name varieties”; and (3) the primary new rice varieties were introduced simultaneously by individual farms according to marketing strategies developed by prefectural and municipal administrations and agricultural cooperatives. As for future proposals, the regional rice-producing centers will have to cooperate with small and medium-size enterprises that have the singular technology to produce new varieties. Agricultural subsidies to address the aging of farmers and increasing idle farmland are also needed.

著者

TAKAYANAGI Nagatada

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.2, pp.78-88, 2010-03-30 (Released:2010-05-20)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1 2

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Rural landscapes attract many tourists in Japan. Urbanization improved exchange value of the rural landscape for urban consumers, resulting in this landscape became a commodity in the market. However, most rural economies in Japan face the challenge of the globalization and an aging population. This paper explores the process of commodification of a rural space where sunflowers were introduced as new crops for enhancing rural landscape. To achieve the research goal, this study empirically scrutinized the landscape in both the supply side and the demand side of the tourism. Sunflowers are neither native to Japan nor cash crops for post-productivist Japanese agriculture. The urban desire of the demand side is the prerequisite for the rural tourism, but most tourists do not care about the history, background, and authenticity, and therefore this landscape with sunflowers can be regard as a simulacrum. However, regional, agricultural, and political factors of the supply side also need to be constructed the landscape for rural tourism.

著者

HAYASHI Takuya

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.2, pp.60-77, 2010-03-30 (Released:2010-05-20)

参考文献数

66

被引用文献数

1

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This study attempted to clarify sustainable systems of agri-tourism in a cherry-growing area. In Sagae city, cherry picking was started in the latter half of the 1960s when some farmers received tourists through a travel company of Sendai city. Then, some farmers organized group for cherry picking and stepped up efforts to engage in agri-tourism. In the 1980s, a window of agri-tourism was included in the agricultural cooperative to correspond to tourism demand and to unify service and pricing of many pick-your-own farms. At cherry harvest time, the agricultural cooperative arranged for media to focus on the cherry of Sagae city and aimed at the new business development of market and the improvement of publicity. When cherry for direct selling was not enough, farms engaged in agri-tourism were supplied cherries through cherry shipment group of the agricultural cooperative. Thus, it was important that the farms which were engaged in agri-tourism maintained good relations with the other farms and with the agricultural cooperative. This research analyzed agri-tourism of the Miizumi area as a study of the most prosperous case. In the Miizumi area, there were a lot of opportunities and activities to improve cultivation technique of all farmers regardless of the difference of the sales system. This brought a tolerant atmosphere to enable sales through various distribution channels among farmers. In addition, high quality cherries that were supplied through various distribution channels improved the publicity as “cherry of Miizumi or Sagae” and, as a result, it had many effects on regional agriculture development. This shows one possibility for agri-tourism development in a large growing area.

著者

Lidia SASAKI

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.1, pp.44-46, 2009-08-30 (Released:2009-10-07)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

1

著者

齊藤 俊樹 大谷 昌也 金城 光

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.3, pp.463-472, 2015-09-01 (Released:2016-03-01)

参考文献数

12

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When we are shown pairs of human faces and instructed to decide which face is morepreferred, our gaze is gradually biased toward the face that we eventually choose. Shi-mojo, Simion, Shimojo, and Scheier (2003) coined this effect as the gaze cascade effect.In this study, we investigated whether the gaze bias could be observed in various judg-ments other than the preference judgment. In Experiment 1, we showed participants ahuman face and asked them to memorize it. Then we showed them another human faceand asked to do two kinds of judgments: the preference judgment where they had tochoose which face they liked more and the dislike judgment where they had to choosewhich face they disliked more. We found the gaze bias for memorized stimuli in bothjudgments. In Experiment 2, we showed other participants two human faces and in-structed to select one depending on each specific criterion for five different judgmentsincluding the preference judgment. The gaze bias was observed in all judgments, most robustly in the similar judgment where participants instructed to decide which face wasmore similar to themselves. Contrary to findings by Shimojo et al. (2003), our resultssuggest that the gaze cascade effect might be involved in the process of visual decision,not limited in preferential formation.

著者

山本 竜隆 瀬戸 明 日下 史章 仲里 誠毅 久光 正

出版者

Japanese Society for Thermal Medicine

雑誌

日本ハイパーサーミア学会誌 (ISSN:09112529)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.28-36, 1997-03-01 (Released:2009-09-29)

参考文献数

48

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磁気・電磁気による生体非熱効果研究の一環として, 生体電磁加温能力をほとんど持たない交流磁気発生装置 (50Hz, 0.08T) を12個用い, ヒトを対象に全身性交流磁気刺激を施行し, 末梢血中セロトニン (5-HT) およびその代謝産物である5-ヒドロキシインドール酢酸 (5-HIAA) を測定した.実際にヒト体幹部に加わる磁気強度は, およそ0.5~7mT (5~70gauss) の範囲であった.1日30分間の曝射を3日間連続で行い, 採血はいずれも磁気刺激前, 磁気刺激30分後, および3日間の磁気刺激後の合計3回行った.また同時に腋下体温も測定した.全血5-HT (n-13) は30分間の磁気刺激後, 有意に低下し (p<0.05), さらに3日間の磁気刺激後では高度に低下した (p<0.001).一方血漿5-HIAA (n=6) は30分間の磁気刺激後では有意差はなかったが, 3日間の磁気刺激後では有意に上昇した (p<0.01).なお腋下体温の変化はみられなかった.この結果は超低周波の全身性交流磁気刺激が, 熱効果を介さずに血管作動物質の一つである5-HT系に影響を与えていることを示している.交流磁気による血中の5-HT低下作用は, おそらく大部分が胃腸管のエンテロクロマフィン細胞 (EC細胞) の5-HT合成の阻害か, または放出の抑制によるものと考えられる.交流磁気の非熱効果は現行のハイパーサーミアに有益に作用する可能性がある.

著者

KAGEYAMA Honami

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.1, pp.101-102, 2009-03-26 (Released:2009-03-26)

著者

KAMIYA Hiroo

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.1, pp.103-104, 2009-03-26 (Released:2009-03-26)

著者

ARIMA Takayuki

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.1, pp.42-43, 2009-08-30 (Released:2009-10-07)

参考文献数

3

著者

Tom WALDICHUK

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.1, pp.1-13, 2009-08-30 (Released:2009-10-07)

参考文献数

55

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The rural–urban fringe around large cities such as Tokyo contains commuter cities made up of an old-timer population and an increasing number of newcomers, and the literature points out that there are attitude and value differences among these residents. This article therefore examines the different types of healthy, active seniors and how their satisfaction with leisure facilities, services, and activities varies. After outlining the concept of community satisfaction and ikigai (a life worth living) and examining the creation and maturation of bedroom communities in the rural–urban fringe of Japan, I describe the case study area of Ushiku City near Tokyo and its leisure opportunities for seniors. Then, I compare the satisfaction of leisure activities, facilities, and services among retirement-aged residents of Ushiku. This information was obtained by questionnaire in 1997 and through informal interviews in 1996 and 1997. Follow-up interviews with Ushiku City officials took place in 2003, 2006, 2007, and 2008. It was hypothesized that there would be attitude differences between newcomer and old-timer residents. There were, however, few differences between newcomers and old-timers. On the other hand, responses varied according to whether the participant was male or female, and whether the participant lived in a rural or an urban area of Ushiku. The rural–urban differences reflect Ushiku's large area which contains urbanized and rural landscapes. The findings suggest that gender differences and one's residential location are important determinants of community satisfaction and should be considered when planning leisure facilities and services for seniors in these rural–urban fringe commuter settlements.

著者

NAKANISHI Ryotaro

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.1, pp.14-30, 2009-08-30 (Released:2009-10-07)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1 1

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The purpose of this study is to revisit the beneficial aspects of traditional Japanese integrated multiproduct farming by virtue of its effective use of land resources and agricultural byproducts. As a case study, this paper draws upon a form of multiproduct farming based on rice farming in Sakurai Village in the Saku Basin, Nagano Prefecture, practiced from the 1880s to the 1930s. Although rice cultivation was the major agricultural activity in Sakurai Village, in the 1880s the industry of sericulture was increasing, and by the 1920s it had overtaken rice in terms of production value. Subsequently, however, sericulture entered a period of stagnation due to falling silk cocoon prices, and as a consequence more farmers in the area turned to rice-carp culture (cultivating carp in paddies concurrently with rice). With the introduction of pig farming to the area, the 1930s saw the development of multiproduct farming system consisting of rice, silkworms, carp and pigs. Given that the average farm size per farming family in Sakurai Village was just 65 ares, rice-carp culture was an effective way to make a living from a limited amount of land. Not only was stocking carp in paddies beneficial to the growth of the rice plants themselves, but it cut down on the necessity of weeding. In addition, the silkworm pupae left over from silk production was fed to carp, rice bran to pigs, and barnyard manure became fertilizer for both rice paddies and mulberry fields. In short, this system of rice-based multiproduct farming enabled farmers in Sakurai Village in the 1930s to put small plots of farmland to very efficient use. It is evident that this system was based on the recycling of readily available resources, making efficient use of agricultural byproducts. This rice-based multiproduct system of farming likewise allowed the tenant farming family taken up in this study to actually turn profits, which is evidence that it was an effective means of increasing incomes for the peasantry.

著者

Zaiga KRISJANE Maris BERZINS Andris BAULS

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.1, pp.34-46, 2009-03-26 (Released:2009-03-26)

参考文献数

55

被引用文献数

1 1

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Accession to the European Union and the subsequent free movement of labor in a more open labor market became a factor which promoted mobility among the residents of the EU's new member states. Latvia is one of the 10 countries in Central and Eastern Europe which joined the EU on May 1, 2004. Migration in Latvia has become a topic of economic, political and social importance. The aim of this paper is to analyze the Latvian labor migration processes that have unfolded since the EU enlargement in 2004. Results from the survey showed that substantial numbers of residents have emigrated. In Latvia economic and temporary aspects of migration continue to dominate. Another important issue today is the growing demand for labor and the possible negative effect on economic development.

著者

NGUYEN Huu Ngu KIM Doo-Chul

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.1, pp.79-94, 2009-03-26 (Released:2009-03-26)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1 1

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This research attempts to clarify the characteristics of the “poor” households in Phu An Commune, located on the shore of Tam Giang Lagoon, Central Vietnam. To understand the socioeconomic background of poverty in the area, the authors examine the changes in agriculture as well as shrimp aquaculture since the adoption of “Doi Moi”, an open-door policy, in 1986. Then, the constraints which make it difficult for them to escape from poverty are discussed. The results of this study show that agricultural and aquacultural changes have diversified the locals' livehoods. The positive changes are reflected in the decline of the number of “poor” households as well as in their evaluation of their lives compared with 20 years ago. Nevertheless, there are still many constraints which cause the “poor” households to remain poor in spite of the remarkable economic growth during the last 20 years. Insight into the detailed situation of poverty in the area is given through the categorization of the residents by their livelihood: mobile gear fishing (usually called “Sampan people”), fixed gear fishing, farming, farming and fishing, and service. In the process of the “Doi Moi” policy and following the introduction of shrimp aquaculture around 1999, the water surface of Tam Giang Lagoon, which used to be an open-access common resource, was allocated to individuals for their exclusive use and exploited mainly for shrimp aquaculture. Due to these drastic changes in local resource, the “Sampan people”, who have been engaged in only fishery in Tam Giang Lagoon, have changed their position in the commune from the greatest beneficiaries to those of sacrifices. Now the poorest in this area are those who engage in mobile gear fishing, the “Sampan people”.

著者

ABE Ryogo

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.1, pp.68-78, 2009-03-26 (Released:2009-03-26)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

2 4

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In this paper, I aim to explore the politics of gendered labor migration from the Philippines to Japan—especially focusing on Filipino female entertainers—from the local perspective based on research into “Philippine Pub space” in a specific city of Japan. While referring to geographical contributions to the understanding of gender and migration, firstly I explain the situation and background of female migration as entertainers from the Philippines to Japan during 1980 to 2006, and secondly trace how such gendered migration has been locally spatialized into Philippine Pub space. Through my case studies, I refer to both the landscape and the pub customers' gaze regarding Philippine Pub space. In conclusion, I will suggest that a specific form of spatialized migration as “nightscape of desire” reinforces and (re)produces unequal power relations of difference between Japanese men and Filipino women as well as Japan and the Philippines.

著者

NISHIHARA Jun

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.1, pp.95-97, 2009-03-26 (Released:2009-03-26)

著者

FUKUMOTO Taku

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.1, pp.98-100, 2009-03-26 (Released:2009-03-26)

著者

Barbara STANISCIA

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.1, pp.16-33, 2009-03-26 (Released:2009-03-26)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

2 2

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In this piece of research, the presence of foreign women is investigated in a central area of the Italian Adriatic, the metropolitan area of Chieti-Pescara, in the Abruzzo region. It is an urban territory with around 300,000 inhabitants, in which women exceed 50% of the total number of foreigners and migratory flows started late compared with the rest of the country. The research seems to indicate the existence of an Adriatic model of women's migration, which can be considered as a sub-type of the Mediterranean model. The Adriatic model is characterized by a greater presence of women coming from the former Soviet Block and former Yugoslavia countries, with a high level of education and a high inclination to arrive and stay on their own, free from partners and children. The presence of foreign women is influenced by global and geopolitical changes that have come into existence in the last ten years. It is especially motivated by economic reasons; however, the search for autonomy and independence is not a factor that can be ignored. The women have on average important professional experience, but they carry out domestic assistance jobs. They are mainly single women, who have left their partners and children in their country of origin. They belong, therefore, to those trans-national families to whom they contribute with their remittances. Their standard of living is not high, due to their low incomes and necessity to save.

著者

Josefina DOMÍNGUEZ MUJICA Raquel GUERRA TALAVERA

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.1, pp.4-15, 2009-03-26 (Released:2009-03-26)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

2 3

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Demographic transition took place in Spain much later than in most other western European countries. The conjunction of a rise in life expectancy and a decline in fertility rates since the 1980s initiated a gradual ageing process. However, the substantial immigration flow that has taken place since the end of the 1990s has slowed this trend down, and has become a new factor affecting Spain's demographic evolution. This aging and immigration have become inseparable processes.