著者

李 太喜

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.19-40, 2018-07-31 (Released:2019-05-02)

参考文献数

21

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The argument against incompatibilism is that freedom and alternative possibilities are incompatible. This argument presupposes a dogma on freedom debate, which says that freedom always improves our rationality and control. Since the dogma is not valid, because it is not adequate for the descriptive aspect of our concept of freedom, incompatibilism need not worry about the incompatibility between freedom and alternative possibilities. We must reconsider the relationship between the two aspects of our concept of freedom; alternative possibilities and agency. Then alternative possibilities should be regarded to weaken our agency.

著者

横路 佳幸

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.1-17, 2018-07-31 (Released:2019-05-02)

参考文献数

26

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The aim of this paper is twofold. The one is to make intelligible identity-relativism (IR) and its accompanying theory of proper names by making amendments to Peter Geach's corresponding theories. I argue that his IR can be reconstructed as a hidden variable theory of ‘identical' and that a kind of ontological deflationism is needed to make his semantics of proper names compatible with IR. The other aim is to show that even IR with the seemingly refined semantics and ontology bears a serious problem of the requirement for an absolute identity. I argue that IR cannot by itself solve the problem.

著者

松王 政浩

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.71-84, 2017-12-20 (Released:2019-05-02)

参考文献数

24

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Recent arguments in philosophy of science concerning artificial intelligence seem to heavily concentrate on social or ethical issues, such as ‘Singularity' problem or harmonious coexistence with AI. But the meaningful relationship between philosophy of science and AI is not limited to that of this kind. The Bayesian network (BN) is one of the central issues in the research of AI, and this has a lot to do with traditional arguments in philosophy of science, since finding the single best definition of causality has been one of main themes in philosophy of science. In this paper, I will consider possible ways for philosophers to be deeply in touch with AI regarding ‘the methodology of BN', ‘the definition of causation', and ‘the elimination of causation'.

著者

安陪 光正

出版者

一般社団法人 国立医療学会

雑誌

医療 (ISSN:00211699)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.11, pp.695-698, 1954 (Released:2011-10-19)

参考文献数

2

著者

笠木 雅史

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.1-3, 2016-12-20 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

7

著者

信原 幸弘

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.1-16, 2014-12-20 (Released:2015-11-08)

参考文献数

15

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Delusion involves some anomalous experience, but the twofactor theory claims that a second factor is necessary to explain tenacity of delusion. In order to explore what the second factor is, I examine the processes of perception formation, belief formation, and belief evaluation. I conclude that perception formation and belief formation involve no abnormalities while belief evaluation involves an abnormality (the second factor) due to impairment of working memory. This is an abnormality of ignoring a hypothesis which mentions falsity of perception. In addition I suggest that abnormality in belief evaluation must not be severe to explain restrictedness of delusion while abnormality in experience (abnormal existential feelings) must be severe.

著者

麻生 尚志

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.35-51, 2012 (Released:2016-01-13)

参考文献数

5

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After the epic essay “Epistemology Naturalized” by Quine, various kinds of naturalistic epistemology has been advanced. While Goldman and others advocated reliabilism in the traditional epistemological context, Laudan pronounced naturalistic philosophy of science. Reliabilism held by Goldman and scientific antirealism held by Laudan may seem to be incompatible with each other. In this article I show that these two views are conformable to each other.

著者

野村 恭史

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.17-33, 2012 (Released:2016-01-13)

参考文献数

27

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Bertrand Russell has found the paradox that bears his own name in the spring of 1901 and offered a version of the so-called “simple” theory of types as measures against it in an appendix to The Principles of Mathematics (1903). This theory was devised to deal with the class-version of that paradox. But he formulated it also in terms of “predicates” and the type theory has no effect to this formulation. In this paper, I shall show that Russell offered measures also against the “predicate”-version of that paradox in the Principles and it is very interesting in a sense that it enables to avoid the paradox without forbidding self-predications of predicates in general.

著者

佐金武 梶本尚敏

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.131-134, 2012 (Released:2016-01-15)

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

四津 雅英

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1, pp.35-46, 2012-07-30 (Released:2013-06-05)

参考文献数

18

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In speech act theory, there are two typical views about illocutionary acts. According to the conventionalism, they are essentially governed by conventions or the like. According to the dichotomous view, some of them (such as naming a ship) are so but the others (such as asserting) should be analyzed along the line of Griceʼs analysis of nonnatural meaning. However, it seems that both of the views have problems. I will attempt to analyze illocutionary acts on the basis of the two concepts of “socially regarded" and “ostensible attitudes". It appears that various difficulties with existing views can be resolved by such an analysis.

著者

鈴木 秀憲

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.2, pp.2_47-2_63, 2011 (Released:2012-06-06)

参考文献数

20

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Robert Kane developed naturalized version of Libertarianism in his The Significance of Free Will. In this paper, his free will theory is critically examined.    My criticism consists of two parts. In the first part, I argue that Kane’s theory is troubled by the problem of choice’s being matters of chance, and his account of ultimate control does not provide any solutions. It is also pointed out that though his position satisfies UR (the condition of Ultimate Responsibility), since it is only vacuously satisfied, the source of an agent’s purposes cannot be said to lie in the agent.    In the second part, I compare Kane’s theory with a compatibilist theory, showing that his position gives no more freedom-elevating features than compatibilism. Thus it is concluded that Kane’s attempt fails as a libertarian theory.

著者

石黒 浩

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.2, pp.2_17-2_28, 2011 (Released:2012-06-06)

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I have developed a teleoperated android of myself, which is called Geminoid. Both of the visitor who talks with the geminoid and the operator who operates the geminoid adapt to the geminoid. The visitor recognizes it as me and I, the operator, recognize the geminoid body as my own body. This unique robot system is not only state of the art technology, but also a platform to study cognitive science and philosophy. This paper introduces various phenomena in the use of the geminoid and discusses the philosophical meanings.

著者

太田 雅子

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.1_75-1_90, 2011 (Released:2011-10-13)

参考文献数

7

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In his Book Kagaku no Sekai to Kokoro no Tetsugaku, Michio Kobayashi features on Descartes’ theory of minds as “subjective-active consciousness”, and defends it against the physicalist movement of philosophy of mind. I try to show that Kobayashi’s method has a difficulty for defending the existence of our mind because Descartes didn’t allow the scientific investigation of our mental experience from outside. In addition, Cartesian theory of mind cannot appropriately grasp the significance of “other minds”. Instead of Cartesian view, I propose the “mind in general” view, in which minds are open to our world and exists in our communication.

著者

野村 恭史

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.1_49-1_57, 2011 (Released:2011-10-13)

参考文献数

11

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Keiichi Yamada’s first and recent book, The Last Thinking of Wittgenstein: An Encounter between Certainty and Contingency, aims at bringing out it into relief Wittgenstein’s philosophy of knowledge that is embodied especially in his “last” thinking, which the author extracts mainly from On Certainty, and locating it in the context of contemporary discussions on knowledge. This book should be interesting very much not only to Wittgenstein scholars but also to those who are engaged in philosophy in general. I shall make several and somewhat critical comments.

著者

吉満 昭宏

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.2, pp.2_95-2_109, 2010 (Released:2011-04-01)

参考文献数

21

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In the paper I shall make a critical examination of Ichinose's book The Labyrinth of Cause and Reason: The Philosophy of ‘Because’ (2006). After summarizing the content, I address two issues concerning relation among causality, conditionals and vagueness. First, I make clear presupposition on the relation in the book and propose alternatives thereon. Second, based on the previous consideration, I make clearer his causal theory of vagueness. Finally I suggest a new direction concerning vagueness and causality.

著者

三好 潤一郎

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.2_31-2_43, 2008 (Released:2009-08-31)

参考文献数

33

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Prisoner's Dilemma is often mentioned to assert that morality is not rationality and that it makes possible the optimal choices which rational players can not choose. However, I argue that this view is not a correct solution of the dilemma. Rather, folk theorem provides the way to achieve the optimal rationally. It shows that a cooperative action is taken by each player to maximize his or her payoff in the long term. Therefore, morality should be seen as a kind of rationality. From this perspective, virtues are some advantageous characteristics of particular rational agents and moral rules are descriptions of equilibrium strategies in the social repeated games.

著者

田中 一之

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.13-21, 2007-12-25 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

20

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Reverse Mathematics is an ongoing research program on foundations of mathematics, whose aim is to find out what kinds of logical or set-theoretical hypotheses are necessary and sufficient to prove a theorem of ordinary mathematics. In this paper, we show that the fundamental theorem of algebra holds within RCA0, a weakest base theory of this program, by way of a combination of a nonstandard method and a conservation result on weak König's lemma.

著者

後藤 蔚

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.55-66, 2007-07-30 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

2

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The opinion that chance is a crossing of the causal sequences is popularized. But the crossing is a point on the causal sequences, then by what meaning the crossing is chance? Moreover a causal sequence will cross other numerous causal sequences and there are lots of crossings, so every crossing is chance? Further, in a game of chance, what causal sequences cross each other? Besides, probability treats what aspect of chance?This paper discusses these questions.

著者

森元 良太

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.15-27, 2007-07-30 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

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Probability concept is indispensable to evolutionary theory, particularly to mathematical models of population genetics. Recently philosophers of biology have discussed the meaning of probability concept in evolutionary theory. Most discussions are based on the assumption that evolutionary theory can be reduced to a fundamental physical theory, either classical or quantum mechanics. I will criticize the reductionists' arguments and show that evolutionary theory can't be reduced to particular fundamental physical theories. Instead, using the concept of coarse graining, a basic theoretical tool in statistical mechanics, I can explain the true relation between evolutionary theory and fundamental physical theories.

著者

金田 明子

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.43-55, 2006-12-25 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

14

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In his book, The Concept of Logical Consequence, Etchemendy claims that the currently standard model-theoretic account of logical consequence is "the interpretational semantics" and does not capture logicality. The purpose of this paper is to defend the model-theoretic account from Etchemendy's criticisms. Through comparison with Sher's "Tarskian logic" and her model-theoretic definition of logical constants, I aim to demonstrate that the basis of Etchemendy's arguments are mistaken. I then explain that the model-theoretic account of logical consequence guarantees its logicality by the semantic functions of logical constants.