著者

鈴木 一実 杉本 光二 林 博之 光明寺 輝正

出版者

The Phytopathological Society of Japan

雑誌

日本植物病理学会報 (ISSN:00319473)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.4, pp.395-398, 1995-08-25 (Released:2009-02-19)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

16 22

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フルアジナム(フロンサイド®)のハクサイ根こぶ病に対する作用特性を検討した。1ppm以上のフルアジナム存在下で休眠胞子を培養したとき,遊走子発芽はほとんど観察されなかった。フルアジナムに接触させた休眠胞子を接種した場合には根毛感染の頻度が減少した。フルアジナムを土壌施用したところ,根毛感染および根こぶ形成は著しく阻害された。根毛感染成立後,第二次遊走子放出前にフルアジナム含有非汚染土壌にハクサイ苗を移植した場合,根こぶ形成は阻害されたが,皮層感染成立後では防除効果は認められなかった。以上から,フルアジナムは休眠胞子に殺菌的に作用するとともに根毛感染および皮層感染を阻害し,その結果根こぶ形成阻害をもたらすことが示唆された。

著者

林 伸一郎

出版者

宗教哲学会

雑誌

宗教哲学研究 (ISSN:02897105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.19-37, 2009 (Released:2019-09-18)

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La théologie scolastique moderne du XVIe siècle a développé progressivement une notion anthropologique qui prendrait forme dans la deuxième moitié du siècle, notamment chez F. Suarez : il s’agit de la notion du status purae naturae. En proposant cet état comme pur de n’importe quel élément surajouté au naturel, le doctor eximius met en relief d’une part, l’autonomie de l’ordre naturel vis-à-vis de l’ordre surnaturel et d’autre part, la condition propre de la nature humaine qui, capable d’acquérir sa fin dernière connaturelle, peut se suffire à l’intérieur de cet ordre naturel. Lorsque Descartes considère la philosophie comme solidement bonne et importante occupation ‘‘des hommes purement hommes’’, s’approprie-t-il la notion suarézienne de l’état de la nature pure? Cet article se propose ainsi de mesurer la portée de cette notion théologique dans la pensée moderne incarnée par le cartésianisme, d’abord en élucidant cet état de la nature pure à la suite des raisonnements suaréziens destinés à d’en établir la possibilité et puis en sondant les prémisses cachées dans la prise de position de Descartes comme philosophe ainsi que dans son analyse de l’idée de bonheur, fin dernière de l’homme.

著者

林 伸一郎

出版者

宗教哲学会

雑誌

宗教哲学研究 (ISSN:02897105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.56-68, 1999 (Released:2019-03-20)

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Cet article a pour objet de dévoiler deux idées différentes de la nature humaine, sur lesquelles les théologiens catholiques, tels que Suarez et Jansénius, ont construit leurs propres idées de la grâce et de la liberté humaine dans les controverses sur la grâce au début des temps modernes. D’une part, en précisant son idée de la liberté d’indifférence, Suarez, théologien jésuite, insiste sur l’autonomie de la “interna et eminens potestas” qui est le principe de choix, à savoir celui qui réduit à un acte un pouvoir en état d’indifférence active. La nature humaine symbolisée par cette “potestas” est d’autant plus saine qu’elle garde sa propre autonomie même sous l’action de la grâce. D’autre part, Jansénius, augustinien, attentif à la volonté spontanée donc libre, mais impuissante, la considère comme une volonté affectée par la détérioration fondamentale consécutive au péché originel. Ainsi, ayant perdu sa première liberté (celle d’indifférence), la volonté est devenue l’esclave de la délectation indélibérée. Viciée, la nature humaine devrait être proportionnée à la nature plus élevée. Ces analyses mettent en lumière un autre enjeu de ces controverses, non moins fondamental, que celui de la grâce : il s’agit de celui de la nature humaine ; Suarez la voit comme une nature saine qui reste intacte après le péché originel, alors que Jansénius, comme profondément blessée et tombée dans un état inauthentique.

著者

林 伸一郎

出版者

宗教哲学会

雑誌

宗教哲学研究 (ISSN:02897105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.93-102, 1993 (Released:2018-03-29)

著者

楢林 建司

出版者

世界法学会

雑誌

世界法年報 (ISSN:09170421)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2004, no.23, pp.75-92, 2004-02-28 (Released:2011-02-07)

参考文献数

24

著者

多久和俊明 湯沢光男 平林浩

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.292, pp.357-382, 2020 (Released:2021-01-24)

著者

小林昭三 伊藤稔明 高橋浩 赤羽明 所澤潤 玉置豊美 興治文子 生源寺孝浩 大石和江 興治文子 北林雅洋

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.292, pp.383-392, 2020 (Released:2021-01-24)

著者

小林 大州介

出版者

経済社会学会

雑誌

経済社会学会年報 (ISSN:09183116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.203-212, 2015 (Released:2016-03-25)

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From the late eighteenth through the nineteenth century, the concept of ‘evolutionism’ had prevailed among social scientists in many fields, such as sociology, philosophy, history, economics, anthropology, ethnology and archaeology, as a framework of their research. One of the origins of this idea was the belief in ‘progress’ that characterized eighteenth century’s enlightenment thought. The evolutionists assumed that society, economy and culture progressed through a sequence of deterministic developmental stages, and always toward a completion of civilization. However, in the late nineteenth century, many objections to this notion of evolutionism emerged within the above academic fields, mainly in history and ethnology. Historians and ethnologists pointed out that evolutionism failed to offer an appropriate explanation for the complex and non-deterministic character of the historical process. Moreover, innovation theories, which came into existence in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, largely rejected the idea of progress and evolutionism. In the present paper, the author argues that early innovation theorists, such as Gabriel Tarde and Joseph A. Schumpeter attempted to offer more general theories than the development stages theory, and to transcend the out-of-date ideas of the evolutionists.

著者

小林 佑太

出版者

経済社会学会

雑誌

経済社会学会年報 (ISSN:09183116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.225-227, 2015 (Released:2016-03-25)

著者

若林 直樹

出版者

経済社会学会

雑誌

経済社会学会年報 (ISSN:09183116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.38-45, 2015 (Released:2016-03-25)

著者

服部 正治 Robert Chapeskie 小林 昇

出版者

The Japanease Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.63-90, 2017 (Released:2019-09-01)

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Introduction by Masaharu Hattori The late Noboru Kobayashiʼs “Historical Critique in Wealth of Nations: A Per-spective on Books III and IV,” translated here into English, was originally pub-lished in Japanese in Fukushima Universityʼs Shōgaku Ronsyū (The Journal of Commerce, Economics and Economic History), Vol. 41, No. 5, 1973, and re-printed in Volume 2, which is indicated as 《II》 in this translation, 1976, of The Works of Kobayashi Noboru on the History of Economic Thought, 11 Volumes, 1976-1989, Tokyo: Miraisha. The “Historical Critique” of the title of this article has a double meaning when it comes to its content. In one sense, it refers to Smithʼs criticism of history that goes against the natural progress of opulence and has been seen in Europe “after the fall of the Roman Empire” that is de-scribed in Book III of Wealth of Nations. In another sense, it refers to Kobaya-shiʼs criticism of the defect inherent in Smithʼs historical understanding. When it comes to the latter, Smith did not sufficiently recognize the historical fact that the mercantilist protectionism of the Government of the civil revolutions (par-ticularly the Glorious Revolution) in Britain protected and fostered the devel-opment of domestic industrial capital, bringing about the bi-polar separation of independent producers that advanced the development of the primitive accumu-lation of capital and eventually led to the establishment of the capitalist system. Kobayashiʼs historical critique can thus be summarized as pointing out Smithʼs flawed understanding of the historical significance of mercantilism.

著者

小林 純

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.99-100, 2017 (Released:2019-10-12)

著者

小林 純

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.132-133, 2016 (Released:2019-11-26)

著者

林 直樹

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.132-133, 2014 (Released:2019-11-28)

著者

西林 勝吾

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.53-74, 2013 (Released:2019-08-23)

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In this paper, I place A. V. Kneeseʼs water quali-ty management system into a lineage of “exter-nal diseconomy.” Although Kneese is recog-nized as one of the most influential environmen-tal economists by some scholars, his work has fallen out of favor. However, his arguments are still effective when we examine the problem of modern environmental pollution. Environmental pollution is classified as an external diseconomy, a concept that is generally acknowledged to have originated in A. C. Pig-ouʼs book, The Economics of Welfare. To reme-dy the problem of external diseconomy, tradi-tional approaches in the Pigouvian and Coasean tradition have suggested “Pigouvian taxes” or the “Coase Theorem.” Kneese critically ad-dressed both theories and the prevailing policy tools pertaining to water quality management by considering water pollution in 1960s United States. Kneeseʼs work on water quality management has been characterized in the following manner: “Kneese is the first economist after Pigou to treat externalities analytically and, at the same time, express a serious concern for pollution.” As stated above, Kneeseʼs work is based on the concept of external diseconomy. However, there is a clear difference between how Pigou and Kneese conceptualize the effects of external dis-economy. The nature of this difference lies in the criticism of external diseconomy by W. K. Kapp and R. H. Coase. Kapp criticized external diseconomy by arguing the concept of “social cost” from the standpoint of “institutional eco-nomics,” and Coase criticized it by arguing the concept of “transaction cost” from the standpoint of “new-institutional economics.” Kneeseʼs ex-ternality argument, which was influenced by the criticism of Kapp and Coase, takes both “institu-tional” and “new-institutional” standpoints. JEL classification numbers: B 15, Q 50.

著者

林 直樹

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.44-63, 2011 (Released:2019-08-21)

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This paper aims to grasp the political and socio-economic background of the Union of 1707 and the characteristics of Daniel Defoeʼs social thought through an examination of his major historical work, The History of the Union of Great Britain (1709). On the eve of the Union, Defoe served as an English spy among Scottish people and wit-nessed a surge of their anti-English passions firsthand. The works by Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun, the most influential contemporary Scot-tish republican writer, embodied these antipa-thies in a very sophisticated manner. Defoe paid close attention to both the republican thought and its vocabulary typically expressed in Fletch-erʼs texts and managed to combine them with the rhetoric of divine providence. This was an intel-lectual activity for the creation of a historical narrative in which the distressed Scottish people could finally find relief. Defoeʼs History of the Union asserted that the conflicts between England and Scotland had been transmuted into peacemaking factors by the leading of providence. Some contemporary affairs were considered as examples: the founda-tion of the Company of Scotland Trading to Af-rica and the Indies, Massacre of Glencoe, Act of Settlement in England, Act of Security in Scot-land, Alien Act in England, and execution of Captain Green after seizing of the ship Worces-ter in Scotland. While recounting these affairs, the present paper focuses on the nature of the rhetoric to which Defoe appeals. His appeal to “an Invisible Hand” represents a concealing design, that is, to appease the complex feelings held by those liv-ing in North Britain. His History of the Union seems to have been written to persuade them rather than to preserve historical facts them-selves. JEL classification numbers: B 11, B 31, N 40.

著者

小林 純

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.107-108, 2009 (Released:2019-06-22)

著者

吉岡 京子 笠 真由美 神保 宏子 鎌倉 由起 齋藤 夕子 野村 理恵 大熊 陽子 大屋 成子 平林 義弘 黒田 眞理子

出版者

日本ヘルスサポート学会

雑誌

日本ヘルスサポート学会年報 (ISSN:21882924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.1-10, 2016 (Released:2016-09-05)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1

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本研究の目的は、特定妊婦のうち精神疾患を有する者の特徴とその関連要因を解明することである。平成25年に特定妊婦として登録された55人のうち、精神疾患なし群は31人(59.6%)、精神疾患あり群は21人(40.4%)であった。二群比較の結果、精神疾患あり群の方が精神疾患なし群に比して、母子世帯である者、近隣の相談相手がいない者および妊婦健診の受診状況が不定期な者が有意に多かった。また、抑うつ状態や不眠、不安といった症状を精神疾患あり群の方が精神疾患なし群に比して有意に多く有していた。保健師が予測した支援でも、産後の病状悪化や医療機関への受診支援、母親の睡眠確保の必要性が精神疾患あり群の方が精神疾患なし群に比して有意に多く、治療継続支援を行った者の割合も有意に高かった。本結果から、精神疾患を有する特定妊婦に対して、妊婦健診の受診状況の確認や困り事について相談にのることと、妊娠期から精神科や産科と緊密に連携しながら支援していくことの必要性が示唆された。

著者

小林 純

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.46, pp.127-129, 2004 (Released:2010-08-05)

著者

小林 純

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.40, pp.1-12, 2001 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

1

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The recent state of Weber studies is marked especially by criticism against modern rationality, emerging in the mid-1960s, and by the project of the Max Weber Gesamtausgabe in the 1970s. The image of Weber has been transformed from that of an advocate of rational values into the tragic embodiment of modern culture. We may divide these studies into two kinds, i. e. a) the search for his true intention, and b) the utilization of his ideas. In a), outstanding progress has been made in identifying the traces of Nietzsche in Weber's thought. YAMANOUCHI brought out the scheme ‘chivalry vs. priest’ in Weber's vision of religious development, and in this respect thinks highly of ‘Agrarverhältnisse in Altertum’. The background and intention of Weber's works have also been more adequately explored, epistemologically by MUKAI, and disciplinarily by NAU. In b) NAKANO's analysis of the legal rationalization of Weber's ideas, one can detect the problematic in the Weberian strategy of behaviorism, and can identify the positive and negative of autopoiesis, the systematic strategy of Luhmann. From those ideas, Nakano concluded that society as a whole puts a meta-level of the normative above the legal dimension. SWEDBERG vigorly inspects potential issues in Weber's text of economic sociology that are theoretically applicable for empirical research. The search for true intention produces a continuous awareness of one's own value, as ORIHARA already showed. The current utilization seems to center around the field of economic sociology.