著者
鈴木 公基 桜井 茂男
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.74, no.3, pp.270-275, 2003-08-25 (Released:2010-07-16)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
4 1

The purpose of this study was to develop a Japanese Need for Closure Scale. In Study 1, Webster and Kruglanski's (1994) Need for Closure Scale was translated into Japanese, and administered to 240 undergraduates. Factor analysis of the Japanese version indicated that a three-factor structure was most appropriate. In Study 2, a revised scale was developed based on the result of Study 1, and administered to 577 undergraduates. Analysis of the revised Japanese Need for Closure Scale showed that it had sufficient internal consistency and test-retest reliability. In addition, confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the scale had a multidimensional structure. In Study 3, the scale was administered together with five relevant personality scales to 340 undergraduates, and sufficient construct validity of the scale was demonstrated.
著者
桜井 茂男 大谷 佳子
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.3, pp.179-186, 1997-08-28 (Released:2010-07-16)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
14 21

The purpose of this study was to construct a new multidimensional self oriented perfectionism scale (MSPS) and to examine the relationship of self-oriented perfectionism to depression and hopelessness in college students. In Study 1, 26 original items of a new MSPS were administered to 132 students and factor analysis revealed 4 solutions: desire for perfectionism (DP), personal standard (PS), concern over mistakes (CM), and doubting of actions (D). Twenty items of the final MSPS had high reliability and validity as an instrument of measuring self-oriented perfectionism (Hewitt & Flett, 1991). In Study 2, 178 students completed a questionnare consisting of MSPS, stressor scale, depression scale, and hopelessness scale. PS was negatively related to hopelessness, and CM and D were positively related to both depression and hopelessness. Students with high CM scores had higher depression than those with low CM scores, unrelated to the degree of stress.
著者
桜井 茂男
出版者
The Japanese Group Dynamics Association
雑誌
実験社会心理学研究 (ISSN:03877973)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.1, pp.85-94, 1992-07-20 (Released:2010-02-26)
参考文献数
29
被引用文献数
26 15 5

This study was designed to construct a new self-consciousness scale for Japanese children, examine the reliability and validity of the scale, and investigate the relations between self-consciousness and seven personality traits: shyness, self-exhibition, loneliness, and four kinds of perceived competence. A questionnaire consisting of twenty-eight self-consciousness items, 90 items concerning the above ersonality traits, and 25 social desirability items was administered to 424 5th-and 6th-graders, and factor analysis concerning self-consciousness items revealed 2 solutions as predicted; one factor was nemed public self-consciousness and the other was named private self-consciousness. The reliability and validity was highly estimated. Public self-consciousness score was positively related to the scores of shyness, self-exhibition, and loneliness. Private self-consciousness score was negatively related to the scores of shyness and loneliness, and also positively related to the scores of self-exhibition and four kinds of perceived competence. Results concerning private self-consciousness were inconsistent with the previous studies. It was understood from the developmental point of view.
著者
黒田 祐二 桜井 茂男
出版者
一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会
雑誌
教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.1, pp.86-95, 2003-03-30 (Released:2013-02-19)
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
12 6

本研究は, 友人関係場面における目標志向性と抑うつとの関係に介在するメカニズムを明らかにすることを目的として行われた。両者に介在するメカニズムとしては, Dykman (1998) により提唱されたディストレス生成モデル (目標志向性が対人行動を通してネガティブな出来事を促進 (ないし抑制) し, その結果抑うつが促進 (ないし抑制) される) に加えて, 新たにユーストレス生成モデル (目標志向性が対人行動を通してポジティブな出来事を促進 (ないし抑制) し, その結果抑うっが抑制 (ないし促進) される) を提唱し, この2つのモデルを検討した。重回帰分析による結果から, 3つの目標と抑うつとの関係はいずれもユーストレス生成モデルで説明できることが示された。すなわち,(1) 「経験・成長目標→関係構築・維持行動及び向社会的行動→ポジティブな出来事の発生→非抑うつ」,(2)「評価一接近目標→関係構築・維持行動→ポジティブな出来事の発生→非抑うつ」,(3)「評価一回避目標→関係構築・維持行動の不足→ポジティブな出来事の非発生→ 抑うつ」,という結果が示された。本研究の関連する既存の研究領域及び教育的介入に対する示唆が論じられた。
著者
桜井 茂男
出版者
一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会
雑誌
教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.4, pp.286-295, 1984-12-30 (Released:2013-02-19)
参考文献数
21
被引用文献数
6

Deci (1975) proposed a “Cognitive Evaluation Theory” after examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic task motivation. The author is inclined to criticize two main points in such theory i. e. the causal relationship between factors and the feeling of competence; while discussing other things, the author at last proposed a “Self Evaluative Motivation (SEM) Model” as a new human motivation theory. The framework of this model was presented in TABLE 1. The features: (1) the factors of cognitive, feeling, motivation, and behavior levels were hypothesized and (2) they were found to have the causal relationship. The purpose of this study was to examine the SEM model using the method of self-report (Experiment 1) and behavior in a free task choice (Experiment 2).In the first experiment, the self-reports of language reward group and the token reward group were compared. The results indicated that the hypotheses of the SEM model were supported except the factor of a need for self-determination on the motivation level. In the second experiment, the factors of behavior level on the SEM model by the method of free task choice supported the hypotheses of the factors on behavior level. Therefore, the two experiments supported the SEM model. Finally, some problems of the SEM model were discussed.
著者
桜井 茂男 Sakurai Shigeo
出版者
筑波大学発達臨床心理相談室
雑誌
筑波大学発達臨床心理学研究
巻号頁・発行日
no.12, pp.65-71, 2000-01-25

わが国でも欧米と同様に,自尊感情(self-esteem:自尊心と訳されることもある)についての研究および自尊感情をひとつの変数として用いた研究はじつに多い。こうした研究で頻繁に用いられるのが,Resenberg(1965)の自尊感情尺度である。彼は自尊感情を「ひとつの特殊な対象,すなわち(the self)に対する肯定的または否定的な態度」と捉えた。そして,このような自尊感情 ...
著者
外山 美樹 桜井 茂男
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.72, no.4, pp.329-335, 2001-10-25 (Released:2010-07-16)
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
6 9 2

The purpose of this study was to examine positive illusion phenomena among Japanese students. In Study 1, students were asked to rate themselves and the average same-sex student of their university or vocational school, in terms of their personality, optimism about the future, and belief in personal control. Results indicated that participants showed positive illusions in their ratings of agreeableness, conscientiousness, optimism for negative future events, and personal control. However, negative illusions were found in their ratings of extraversion, openness to experience, and appearance. In Study 2, participants were asked to compare themselves with the average same-sex student of their university or vocational school. Results were similar to those of Study 1. Cultural factors appeared to be responsible for those positive and negative illusions.
著者
黒田 祐二 有年 恵一 桜井 茂男
出版者
一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会
雑誌
教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.1, pp.24-32, 2004-03-31 (Released:2013-02-19)
参考文献数
23
被引用文献数
7 3

本研究の目的は, 大学生の親友関係における関係性高揚と精神的健康との関係について検討すること, 及び, その関係に相互協調的-相互独立的自己観が及ぼす影響について検討することであった。結果から, 日本の大学生において, 自分たちの親友関係を他の親友関係より良いものであると評価する「積極的関係性高揚」と, 悪くはないと評価する「消極的関係性高揚」は, 相対的幸福感・自尊感情・充実感と正の関係を示し, 抑うつと負の関係を示すことが見出された。さらに, この関係性高揚と精神的健康との関係は, 相互協調的自己観ないし相互独立的自己観が自己に内在化されている程度によって異なることが示された。すなわち, 相互協調的自己観の低い者より高い者において, そして, 相互独立的自己観の高い者より低い者において, 関係性高揚 (積極的関係性高揚及び消極的関係性高揚) と精神的健康との関係が強くなることが示された。
著者
桜井 茂男
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.5, pp.304-311, 1989-12-25 (Released:2010-07-16)
参考文献数
25
被引用文献数
8 6

This study was conducted to investigate the relation between hopelessness and causal attribution in Japanese schoohaged children. In Study 1, the Japanese edition of hopelessness scale for children developed by Kazdin, French, Unis, Esveldt-Dawsan, and Sherick (1983) was constructed. Seventeen original items were translated into Japanese and they were administrated to 495 fifthand sixth-graders. All of the items could be included to the Japanese edition of hopelessness scale. The reliability and validity was examined. In Study 2, the relation between hopelessness and causal attribution in children were investigated. The causal attribution questionnaire developed by Higuchi, Kambare, and Otsuka (1983) and the hopelessness scale developed by Study 1 were administrated to 188 sixth-graders. Children with high scores in hopelessness scale significantly attributed negative events to much more effort factor than children with low scores. It supports neither the reformulated learned helplessness model nor the causal attribution theory of achievement motivation. It was explained mainly from points of self-serving attribution, cultural difference, and social desirability. Some questions were discussed for developing studies on depression and causal attribution in Japan.
著者
鈴木 公基 桜井 茂男
出版者
筑波大学心理学系
雑誌
筑波大学心理学研究 (ISSN:09158952)
巻号頁・発行日
no.21, pp.135-140, 1999-03-01

Individual differences in the desire for simple structure may influence how people understand, experience, and interact with their environments. This study constructed Japanese version of the Cognitive, and interact ...
著者
桜井 茂男 Sakurai Shigeo
出版者
筑波大学発達臨床心理相談室
雑誌
筑波大学発達臨床心理学研究
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, pp.65-71, 2000-01-25

わが国でも欧米と同様に,自尊感情(self-esteem:自尊心と訳されることもある)についての研究および自尊感情をひとつの変数として用いた研究はじつに多い。こうした研究で頻繁に用いられるのが,Resenberg(1965)の自尊感情尺度である。彼は自尊感情を「ひとつの特殊な対象,すなわち(the self)に対する肯定的または否定的な態度」と捉えた。そして,このような自尊感情 ...
著者
鈴木 公基 桜井 茂男 Suzuki Koki Sakurai Shigeo
出版者
筑波大学心理学系
雑誌
筑波大学心理学研究 (ISSN:09158952)
巻号頁・発行日
no.23, pp.153-160, 2001-03-01

In this study, the relation between the cognitive need for closure and quantity of information processing is investigated. Need for cognition (Cacioppo & Petty, 1982) and functional and dysfunctional impulsivity ...
著者
桜井 茂男
出版者
一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会
雑誌
教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, no.1, pp.29-35, 1989-03-30 (Released:2013-02-19)
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the instruction of evaluation (Experiment1) and the expectation of extrinsic rewards (Experiment2) on children's intrinsic motivation.In Exp.1, subjects were divided into evaluative and non-evaluative instruction groups.The former group was instructed to add the outcome to their academic achievement.After doing tasks in both groups, the method of free task choice (Sakurai, 1984a) was conducted.Four kinds of tasks were constructed in two dimensions: difficulty (easy-difficult) and curiosity (old-new). Evaluative instruction group preferred new tasks while the other group had a tendency to prefer difficult tasks.Between the groups, there was significant preference in curiosity of tasks but no significant preference in difficulty. In Exp.2, subjects were divided into expected and non-expected reward groups. The former group was instructed to give the performance-contingent rewards during doing tasks.In the situations of free task choice, both groups preferred difficult tasks, and only expected reward group preferred new ones.Between the groups, there was significant preference in curiosity of tasks but no significant preference in difficulty.Most of these results supported the Self Evaluative Motivation (SEM) Model proposed by Sakurai (1984a).
著者
桜井 茂男
出版者
奈良教育大学
雑誌
奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, no.1, pp.149-154, 1988-11-25

The purpose of this study was to construct a Japanese edition of the multidimensional scale of empathy developed by Davis (1983) and to investigate the relationship between empathy and helping behavior. The multidimensional scale of empathy consisting of four subscales, i.e. perspective-taking, fantasy, empathic concern, and personal distress, was translated into Japanese and it was adminstrated to 87 college students. The validity of this scale was ensured by the relation to the emotional empathy scale developed by Kato and Takagi (1980). Helping behavior was measured by taking part in psychological experiment. No relations between them were significant and is was discussed mainly from the point of "diffusion of responsibility.
著者
黒田 祐二 桜井 茂男
出版者
日本教育心理学会
雑誌
教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.1, pp.86-95, 2003
被引用文献数
6

本研究は, 友人関係場面における目標志向性と抑うつとの関係に介在するメカニズムを明らかにすることを目的として行われた。両者に介在するメカニズムとしては, Dykman (1998) により提唱されたディストレス生成モデル (目標志向性が対人行動を通してネガティブな出来事を促進 (ないし抑制) し, その結果抑うつが促進 (ないし抑制) される) に加えて, 新たにユーストレス生成モデル (目標志向性が対人行動を通してポジティブな出来事を促進 (ないし抑制) し, その結果抑うっが抑制 (ないし促進) される) を提唱し, この2つのモデルを検討した。重回帰分析による結果から, 3つの目標と抑うつとの関係はいずれもユーストレス生成モデルで説明できることが示された。すなわち,(1) 「経験・成長目標→関係構築・維持行動及び向社会的行動→ポジティブな出来事の発生→非抑うつ」,(2)「評価一接近目標→関係構築・維持行動→ポジティブな出来事の発生→非抑うつ」,(3)「評価一回避目標→関係構築・維持行動の不足→ポジティブな出来事の非発生→ 抑うつ」,という結果が示された。本研究の関連する既存の研究領域及び教育的介入に対する示唆が論じられた。
著者
桜井 登世子 桜井 茂男
出版者
筑波大学発達臨床心理相談室
雑誌
筑波大学発達臨床心理学研究
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, pp.45-50, 2002

本事例は,家では活発にしゃべるのに,幼稚園では一言もしゃべらない場面緘黙の女児のケースである。本児は年少組のときから幼稚園に通園しており,そのときは友達もできて幼稚園でよくしゃべっていた。年中組になってから,本児は幼稚園でまったくしゃべらなくなった。本児は絵 ...
著者
黒田 祐二 桜井 茂男
出版者
筑波大学
雑誌
筑波大学心理学研究 (ISSN:09158952)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, pp.129-138, 2001

In recent years, research into childhood depression has continued to increase. This research has focused on the cognitive factors and behavioral factors for intra-personal vulnerability to childhood depression, and ...