文献一覧: 潮木守一 (著者)

6 0 0 0 OA 高等教育の国際比較-高等教育卒業者の就業構造の比較研究-

著者: 潮木守一
出版者: 日本教育社会学会
雑誌: 教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.26, pp.2-16, 1971-10-15

In 1968, OECD published the statistics in the educational structure of labour forces, from which we can learn the occupational structure of the higher education graduates in sixteen countries. (1) The higher education qualified labour forces among the total labour forces show a ratio about 2 or 3% in most European countries, above 7% in Japan,10% in Canada, and 19% in U. S. A. The former can be called the lower educated societies, the latter the higher educated societies. (2) In the lower educated societies, above 70% of the higher education graduates are absorbed in the professional and technical occupations, while in the higher educated societies only 40-50% are absorbed in such occupational category. That is to say, the traditional privilege of higher education graduates has been lost in the higher educated societies and a considerable number are forced to seek their occupation in clerical, sales or manual jobs. (3) On the other hand, in higher educated societies the chances for the non-higher education graduates to get a professional or technical occupations have diminished considerablly. It means that the positions of the professional and technical occupations are exclusively monopolized by the higher education graduates. For instance, about 75% of the professional and technical occupations are taken by the higher education graduates in U. S. A., while it is about 30% in most European countries. (4) Thus the higher education in the higher educated societies has lost the privileged function to guarantee its graduates for the professional and technical occupations, but in the meanwhile the higher educational qualification has become a more and more neccessary prerequisite to get a professional or technical occupation. (5) Here appears the differentiation among the higher education graduates. Some of the graduates are engaged in the professional and the technical jobs, and others in the clerical, sales and manual jobs. This allocation seems to be due to the following factors. A. A vertical functional differentiation in the higher education. For example, the graduates of the graduate schools are likely to get professional and technical occupations and the graduates of universities or junior colleges are likely to be engaged in clerical, sales and manual jobs. B. A horizontal functional differentiation in study fields. For instance, graduates of law or technical faculties are engaged in professional and technical occupations, and graduates of other faculties, in clerical, sales and manual jobs. C. An informal differentiation between the high-ranked universities and colleges and low-ranked ones.

2016-04-08 10:05:12
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https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110001877501

6 0 0 0 フンボルト理念とは神話だったのか : パレチェク仮説との対話 (山野井敦徳教授退職記念)

著者: 潮木守一
出版者: 広島大学
雑誌: 大学論集 (ISSN:03020142)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.38, pp.171-187, 2007-03

2011-01-08 12:10:40
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https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110007176853

4 0 0 0 OA 大学進学率上昇をもたらしたのは何なのか ――計量分析と経験知の間で――

著者: 潮木守一
出版者: 日本教育社会学会
雑誌: 教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.83, pp.5-22, 2008-12-15 (Released:2016-11-05)
被引用文献数: 7 1

Yano and Hamanaka have analyzed recent trends in the ratio of advancement to higher education in Japan, and concluded that the increased financial burden on households has been a blocking factor in recent years. They argue that a public policy for reducing the financial burden is needed, and that if such a policy is implemented, it will lead to increased advancement to higher education. As methodology they adopt a time-series multi regression of Japan as a single unit, using several economic variables such as starting salary of high school graduates, household income, unemployment rate and tuition fees. In this paper, the author uses a similar time-series multi regression, but broken down into 47 prefectures, and with the addition of variables describing the educational system such as student capacity in metropolitan areas and in local prefectures. From this analysis, the author finds that economic factors do not have a significant effect on the advancement ratio, and that educational system variables have a greater influence in determining the advancement ratio. In contrast to Yano and Hamanaka, the author argues that the negative attitude toward advancement to higher education in recent years lies not outside of the educational system, but rather inside of the system of higher education. Curricular innovation to provide more relevant content is the key to attracting more students to higher education. In an age where more than 50% of youngsters advance to higher education, enriching teaching content is a more important task than providing financial support. Researchers on higher education should pay greater attention to the educational system itself rather than factors outside of the system.

2023-03-31 20:13:48
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4 0 0 0 OA 高等教育人口の長期的発展傾向(I) : 英・米・独・仏・日の比較研究(第2部会高等教育)

著者: 潮木守一
出版者: 日本教育社会学会
雑誌: 日本教育社会学会大会発表要旨集録
巻号頁・発行日: no.17, 1965-10-02

2015-01-30 03:06:24
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https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110001889215

3 0 0 0 OA 大学進学率上昇をもたらしたのは何なのか : 計量分析と経験知の間で

著者: 潮木守一
出版者: 日本教育社会学会
雑誌: 教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.83, pp.5-22, 2008-12-15

2016-06-08 11:35:42
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https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110007043157

2 0 0 0 欧米における大学設置及び大学評価システムの研究調査

著者: 喜多村和之大膳司安原義仁手塚武彦潮木守一
出版者: 広島大学
雑誌: 海外学術研究
巻号頁・発行日: 1987

アメリカ合衆国:アメリカ合衆国の高等教育機関の設置認可は、従来は大学の自由設立の原則にもとづき、その認可機関たる州政府の関与はゆるやかで、認可の基準や手続きも簡素であったが、近年では学位の乱造の防止や消費者保護の見地から、州政府の関与の度合いもつよまり、規制が厳格化される傾向にある。いくつかの州では設置認可基準の厳格化や法制度の整備、さらには新設大学の視察・監督の強化が進行しつつある。また、アメリカ合衆国においてはすでに1930年代より民間の基準協会が一定の質的基準に到達した大学のみを会員校としてみとめ、一定期間の実地調査や事後審査にもとづいて大学の質的向上をはかる基準認定活動(Accreditation)を行なっている。連邦政府や州政府は、基準協会の認定をうけた会員校のみに公費援助の受給資格を認めており、このことが更には大学内部に自己点検と自己改善を刺激する源泉ともなっている。連合王国:イギリス高等教育の水準維持方式にはチャータリング方式とCNAA方式の2つがあり、前者は自治権を有する大学セクターにおいて、また後者はパブリック・セクターにおいて採られているものである。これらのうちCNAA方式は1964年に始まって以来20有余年間、パブリック・セクター高等教育の水準の維持・向上に大きな役割を果たしてきた。しかし最近では、形式化・官僚化の弊もみられるようになり、その改革が論議されるようになってきた。本研究ではCNAA方式によるパブリック・セクター高等教育水準維持方式の実際(とくにコース認定の手順)とその問題点および改革の基本方向について現地調査に基づき、具体的に解明した。西ドイツ:大学の設置主体はほとんどが州政府であり、私立大学の存在は例外的である。私立大学としては、従来、教会系の大学が若干存在するにすぎず、その設置根拠は、法的に明確になっていなかった。しかしながら、1976年に「大学大綱法(Hochschulrahmengesetz)」が制定されたことにより、州立大学と同等の内容を有する私立大学については、州政府により国家による認可が与えられることとなり、そのために必要な規程が、州の大学法で定められることとなった。現実に州政府が私立大学の設置認可を行うかどうか決定する際に、最も大きなウエイトを占めるものは財政状況である。西ドイツで現在最も注目されている私立大学であるヴィッテン/ヘアデッケ大学の設置認可に当たっては、所管の州であるノルトライン・ヴェストファレン州学術研究省は、最低5年間大学を運営していくに十分な資金を有しているかという点から審査した。また、認可後も、毎年その後5年間の財政計画を提出させ審査させている。しかしながら、同大学の財政状況は厳しく、一部を除き学部の大半をバーデン・ヴュルテンブルク州に移転するとともに、授業料を徴収することを計画している。フランス:ローラン・シュヴァルフ教授を委員長とする全国評価委員会(CNE)を政府レベルで設置し、既存大学の評価の作業に着手した。評価の方法に関しては、「大学の作成資料」「運用の指標12項目」「指標」の具体的項目が判明した。残された課題として、この委員会の活動が各大学の評価を一巡すればそれで終了するのか、恒常的大学評価機関として存続するのか、またその評価の結果が評価を受けた大学にどのような形でどの様な方法による改善ないし効果をもたらしたのか、さらにはCNEの評価活動が国の高等教育行政にどのようなフィード・バックするのか、等が残されている。

https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63041154/

2 0 0 0 欧米における大学設置及び大学評価システムの研究調査

著者: 喜多村和之大膳司安原義仁手塚武彦潮木守一
雑誌: 海外学術研究
巻号頁・発行日: 1987

日本の高等教育の改革と質的水準の向上にとって, 高等教育機関とくに大学の設置認可のありかた, 設置のための基準の弾力化, 適切な大学評価の方法に関する知織は緊要の課題である. しかるにこの問題に関しては, 日本国内の実態はもとより, 諸外国の事例についても情報が欠如しており, 改革実施の障害になっている. この研究は, 主要先進諸国における大学設置および大学評価の方法と実態について外国の教育情報に詳しい専門家による現地調査を行ない, 今後の日本の高等教育の改革と水準向上の施策のために資することを目的とする.(1)アメリカ合衆国の高等教育機関の設置認可は, 従来は大学の自由設立の原則にもとづき, その認可機関たる州政府の関与はゆるやかで, 認可の基準や手続きも簡素であったが, 近年では学位の乱造の防止や消費者保護の見地から, 州政府の関与の度合いもつよまり, 規制が厳格化される傾向にある. いくつかの州では設置認可基準の厳格化や法制度の整備, さらには新設大学の視察・監督の強化が進行しつつある.(2)アメリカ合衆国においてはすでに1930年代より民間の基準協会が一定の質的基準に到達した大学のみを会員校としてみとめ, 一定期間の実地調査や事後審査にもとづいて大学の質的向上をはかる基準適用活動(Accreditation)を行なっている. 連邦政府や州政府は, 基準協会の認定をうけた会員校のみに公費援助の受給資格を認めており, このことが更には大学内部に自己点検と自己改善を刺激する源泉ともなっている.(3)今年度においては, アメリカ合衆国における大学設置と大学評価システムの実態調査を実施し, 収集情報およびデータの分析は次年度において行なわれる. なお新年度にはさらにヨーロッパ諸国(イギリス, 西ドイツ, フランス)の実態調査と分析を行う予定であり, 以上の欧米諸国の関連情報とデータの比較・分析をふまえて, 日本の土壌にふさわしい大学設置と大学評価システムのありかたを考察する予定である.

https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-62041157/

2 0 0 0 人口変動と教育変動 (特集人口変動と教育改革)

著者: 潮木守一
出版者: 東洋館出版社
雑誌: 教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.82, pp.7-25[含英語文要旨], 2008

At 1954, Professor Yoshihiro SHIMIZU of Tokyo University emphasized that the Educational Population Study could be a major topic in the field of the sociology of education. He was well informed regarding contemporary research trends in French sociology, and was very aware of the importance of the Population Study. Since then, several students in the sociology of education have engaged themselves in the study of educational populations. Governments have compiled statistics on education like student population, number of teachers and educational expenditure. In some countries these statistical data can be traced back to the middle of the 19th century. The first scholar who attempted a systematic analysis of such governmental educational statistics was Friedrich Edding in Germany. In 1957, he published International Trends in Educational Expenditures. In this book he compared trends of educational expenditures in several countries since the middle of the 19th century. From this time-series comparative study he drew the conclusion that countries which had attained a similar level of economic development should have similar sizes of educational systems and similar sizes of investment in education. In 1961, he presented a keynote paper to the OECD conference on "Economic Growth and the Investment in Education" along with Svennilson and Elvin, pointing out the existence of a strong correlation between the enrolment ratio and per capita GNP of OECD member countries. At the same time, they examined the ratio of educational expenditures to GNP, and they broke down 5 components which determine the ratio of educational expenditure among GNP, like proportion of school age population among total population, enrollment ratio, ratio of average teacher salary against GNP p.c. and per-teacher student ratio. This formulation has made possible international comparison of those educational indicators. Furthermore this formulation has made possible the simulation of educational expenditure allocation. This simulation model is now used by various international cooperation agencies to make clear trade-off relationship between various educational indicators. Stimulated with these research trends overseas, several Japanese students of educational population has started to analyze the trends of Japanese educational population based on modified models which have been developed in oversea countries. The author, who studied with Friedrich Edding since 1968, forecasted required numbers of high school and educational expenditure necessary for this expansion in 1974. Since then, various research outputs have been produced in the field of educational population studies. One major task facing this field of study is to extend the research perspective beyond the borders of one country. With globalization, movements of educational populations should no longer be confined within one country's borders. A second task is to encourage follow-up studies to ensure the quality of research outcomes in the field of educational population studies. Japanese scholars of sociology of education produce a large research output every year. However, most lack connections with the outputs of their colleagues. Outside people are much interested with those research outcomes, but most of the outcomes are not verified objectively by colleagues. Therefore, outside people are skeptical about whether these findings of particular experts are reliable because of the lack of follow-up studies. Recently, there have been strong opinions in factor of "Evidence-based policy." To put this into reality, we need to vitalize the cross-check studies, follow-up studies on research output done by our colleague researchers in the field of educational population studies.

2014-01-13 02:13:57
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https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110006793447

1 0 0 0 OA 学歴の社会学その理論的検討

著者: 潮木守一
出版者: 日本教育社会学会
雑誌: 教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.38, pp.5-14,en261, 1983-10-20 (Released:2011-03-18)

Sociology of Educational Credentials can be divided into two parts; the analysis of the educational attainment process and that of the status attainment process. Most previous researches have mainly focused on analyzing the effect of educational credentials on the process of individuals' status attainment. However, the process of educational attainment should not be neglected, because, without it, the sociology of educational credentials can not be perfect. As for the analysis of educational attainment, there are two main approach, the functional approach and the moral socialization approach. The functional approach takesthe educational attainment process as a process for an individual to acquire knowledge andskills which are needed in the industrialized society.Against that, the moral socialization approach takes the same process as an internalization process of value orientation which is prerequisite to maintain and reproduce the already established class system. It isan important contribution of radicals that they set up, not educational credentials which individuals have attained, but value orientation which individuals have internalized as a crucial product in the educational attainment process. However, radicals have not succeeded to analyze the dynamic process of moral socialization, and they are trapped by a simplistic and mechanic logic. They depend on the simple logic of one-to-one correspondence in exlaining the causal relationships among the social class system, the formation of sub-culture, the value internarization by the family as a socialization agent, the reinforcement bythe school system and the reproduction of the social class system. But More dynamic approach is needed for the more comprehensive understanding of the educational attainment process.