著者
牧野 智和
出版者
東洋館出版社
雑誌
教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.78, pp.129-146, 2006

The purpose of this study is to examine the feelings of "uneasiness" that have become the dominant image where we consider the issue of juvenile crime, and which became the driving force for the enactment of various ordinances. The material used for this examination is reports of the juvenile crimes in the pseudo-environment that mediates the holding of this image, that is, in the mass media. Concretely, the analysis and consideration were done based on reports on juvenile homicides in "Asahi Shimbun" in the postwar period. As a result, the following tendencies in recent years have been extracted as a symptom that people have come to feel uneasiness. 1) The number of juveniles arrested on charges of homicide in recent years is low compared with the peak in the 1950s and 1960s. However, newspaper reports on homicides have become much more numerous since 1997. This made people widely aware of crimes by "ordinary children," and it appears that this is related to the uneasiness people feel that they or their children might be victims of juvenile crime or that their child might become an assailant. 2) In recent years, the malicious nature and cruelty of assailants is often reported along with the tendency to focus on "psychological problems" (kokoro no yami) in the articles. As a result, assailants and their parents and teachers have been subjected to criticism that did not exist in the past. 3) From the same focus on "psychology," references to "child-rearing" and "educational methods" have been made from a professional viewpoint by specialists in psychology. As a result, everyday life, which was once self-evident, has come under questioning. Moreover, the usage of psychological terms in recent years has been used not only to label assailants as abnormal, but also to make parents and teachers reflexively think, "Is your child OK?" It was thought that the rise of uneasiness is related to these psychological references that destroy the self-evidence of everyday life of parents and teachers.
著者
牧野 智和
出版者
日本社会学会
雑誌
社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, no.2, pp.150-167, 2010-09-30 (Released:2012-03-01)
参考文献数
37
被引用文献数
1

本稿では,大学生の就職活動における自己分析という慣行の定着を,新規大卒採用市場における1つのサブ市場の確立と捉える.このことで,先行研究の欠落点であった,自己分析への関わり方の多様性,送り手と受け手,その影響力の限定性という論点に対応することができる.また本稿では自己分析を,「自己の自己との関係」を通した主体化を行う「自己のテクノロジー」と捉える.このことで他の自己論との比較を可能とし,また先行研究の難点であった定着因の考察を資料内在的に行うことができる.このような観点から,自己分析市場が提供する「自己のテクノロジー」の分析とその機能の考察を行った.分析対象は自己分析をその内容に含む就職対策書,190タイトル計758冊である.自己分析の作業課題の核には,自らの過去の回顧,現在の分析,未来の想像を通して「本当の自分」を抽出する志向がみられる.だがこれは純粋に心理主義的なものではない.自己分析では具体的な職業の導出,内定の獲得に向けた自己の客観化,積極的な自己表現もともに求められるためである.分析を通して,自己分析市場は新規大卒採用市場における不透明性の低減,動機づけの個人的獲得支援・調整,社会問題の個人化という機能を果たしていると考えられた.だが採用状況の悪化によって社会問題の個人化機能が突出するとき,それを可能にする「自己のテクノロジー」への注意が払われなければならない.
著者
牧野 智和
出版者
[出版者不明]
巻号頁・発行日
2011

制度:新 ; 報告番号:甲3399号 ; 学位の種類:博士(教育学) ; 授与年月日:2011/7/26 ; 早大学位記番号:新5721
著者
牧野 智和
出版者
日本教育社会学会
雑誌
教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.78, pp.129-146, 2006-05-31 (Released:2011-03-18)
参考文献数
33
被引用文献数
4 1

The purpose of this study is to examine the feelings of “uneasiness” that have become the dominant image where we consider the issue of juvenile crime, and which became the driving force for the enactment of various ordinances. The material used for this examination is reports of the juvenile crimes in the pseudo-environment that mediates the holding of this image, that is, in the mass media. Concretely, the analysis and consideration were done based on reports on juvenile homicides in “Asahi Shimbun” in the postwar period. As a result, the following tendencies in recent years have been extracted as a symptom that people have come to feel uneasiness.1) The number of juveniles arrested on charges of homicide in recent years is low compared with the peak in the 1950s and 1960s. However, newspaper reports on homicides have become much more numerous since 1997. This made people widely aware of crimes by “ordinary children, ” and it appears that this is related to the uneasiness people feel that they or their children might be victims of juvenile crime or that their child might become an assailant.2) In recent years, the malicious nature and cruelty of assailants is often reported along with the tendency to focus on “psychological problems”(kokoro no yami) in the articles. As a result, assailants and their parents and teachers have been subjected to criticism that did not exist in the past.3) From the same focus on “psychology, ” references to “child-rearing” and “educational methods” have been made from a professional viewpoint by specialists in psychology. As a result, everyday life, which was once selfevident, has come under questioning. Moreover, the usage of psychological terms in recent years has been used not only to label assailants as abnormal, but also to make parents and teachers reflexively think, “Is your child OK?” It was thought that the rise of uneasiness is related to these psychological references that destroy the self-evidence of everyday life of parents and teachers.
著者
牧野 智和
出版者
日本スポーツ社会学会
雑誌
スポーツ社会学研究 (ISSN:09192751)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.2, pp.21-37, 2017-09-30 (Released:2018-10-15)
参考文献数
37

近年の「身体」をめぐるベストセラーに注目すると、以前からみられるダイエット関連の書籍に加え、開脚、体幹、ふくらはぎといった特定の身体部位に注目し、それらへの働きかけによって人生の諸問題が一点突破的に解決するとする書籍をいくつかみることができる。このような身体をめぐる想像力はいかにして生まれたのだろうか。また、これらのうち体幹に関する書籍は、サッカー選手の長友佑都がトレーニングと自己啓発を地続きのものとして語るものだったが、このような身体をめぐる想像力は彼もしくは制作者の独創性によるものと単純に捉えるべきだろうか。本稿ではこのような身体をめぐる想像力に関する疑問を追究していく。 まず特定の身体部位への注目については、女性向けライフスタイル誌『an・an』を分析対象として、その身体観の変遷を追跡した。具体的には、身体に関する「モノ」の消費、美の「心理化」が目指された1980・1990 年代を経て、2000 年代中頃から身体的「不調」の解消、体内の浄化が同誌の主たる関心になり、それが2010 年代に特定の身体部位の調整を通して心身の悩みを解消しようとする特集が陸続と展開することになる。これらから、近年のベストセラーは、大衆的な身体をめぐる想像力の系譜上に位置づけうることになる。 次に、スポーツ関係者による自著を素材に検討を行った結果、やはりこれも長友らの独創性というよりは、戦後以来の系譜をたどることのできる、スポーツへの考え方とビジネス一般についての考え方を節合する言説の展開のうちにその想像力を位置づけうると考えられた。身体をめぐるこうした想像力の志向はともに、自らの身体を自らケアし、調整していくことを促すとする、現代的な自己統治の議論に収めることができる。だがおそらく重要なのは、包括的な統治論よりも描写をダウンサイジングさせたところでの、統治技法の具体的な展開や分散をより精緻に分析していくことだろう。
著者
牧野 智和
出版者
日本社会学会
雑誌
社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, no.2, pp.150-167, 2010-09-30

本稿では,大学生の就職活動における自己分析という慣行の定着を,新規大卒採用市場における1つのサブ市場の確立と捉える.このことで,先行研究の欠落点であった,自己分析への関わり方の多様性,送り手と受け手,その影響力の限定性という論点に対応することができる.また本稿では自己分析を,「自己の自己との関係」を通した主体化を行う「自己のテクノロジー」と捉える.このことで他の自己論との比較を可能とし,また先行研究の難点であった定着因の考察を資料内在的に行うことができる.このような観点から,自己分析市場が提供する「自己のテクノロジー」の分析とその機能の考察を行った.<br>分析対象は自己分析をその内容に含む就職対策書,190タイトル計758冊である.自己分析の作業課題の核には,自らの過去の回顧,現在の分析,未来の想像を通して「本当の自分」を抽出する志向がみられる.だがこれは純粋に心理主義的なものではない.自己分析では具体的な職業の導出,内定の獲得に向けた自己の客観化,積極的な自己表現もともに求められるためである.分析を通して,自己分析市場は新規大卒採用市場における不透明性の低減,動機づけの個人的獲得支援・調整,社会問題の個人化という機能を果たしていると考えられた.だが採用状況の悪化によって社会問題の個人化機能が突出するとき,それを可能にする「自己のテクノロジー」への注意が払われなければならない.
著者
牧野 智和
出版者
日本教育社会学会
雑誌
教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.84, pp.145-163, 2009-05-31

Since the latter half of the 1990s, new expressions have appeared concerning ability in labor and education. These expressions of ability do not only reflect the transformation of the contemporary dominant ability model. The expressions themselves are social processes, and they are social practices that structure the dominant ability model anew. From these points of view, this paper will analyze expressions of ability as a social practice, and examine and consider the social significance of the expressions of ability empirically. As a result of the analysis, the following points were extracted. Firstly, the routine of magazine editing is a reflexive process which incorporates trends from all different forms of media. Therefore special features on business ability are produced based on trends from these media. They consequently reflect the dominant ability model that precedent studies have described. Secondly, in special features on business ability, company managers and office workers of well-known organizations frequently appear as the embodiers of the ability. In addition, experts that have specific dispositions frequently construct, define and rate the ability. Thirdly, in these special features, specific "relationships to oneself' are frequently seen. The relationships are that transformations of character and emotion into ability, based on self-monitoring and self-control, assist in engaging oneself positively and maximizing the potential nature of the self. These are psychologized "relationships to oneself." Such monitoring, control, engaging oneself positively, and maximization of potential nature, are an intention for the whole process of labor. These special features on business ability seem to be a transient trend, but it is clear that there are various aspects of cultural arbitrariness involved. It may be said that one of the tasks of the sociology of education today is to prepare a blueprint based on a comprehensive theoretical framework of such cultural arbitrariness and the actual situation. In this article, I show that Bourdieu's theoretical framework of symbolic struggle is one such framework.
著者
牧野 智和
出版者
関東社会学会
雑誌
年報社会学論集 (ISSN:09194363)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2021, no.34, pp.62-71, 2021-07-31 (Released:2022-08-31)
参考文献数
27

In this paper, I analyze the governmentality of workshops in town management. “Community Design” proposes methods to take the problems of the town as one’s own and to solve the problems while managing the team by oneself. “Design Thinking” is completely workshop-like, the idea being to feed on the mistakes and criticisms of the process for the next step forward. These elements are incorporated in today’s town management, especially in creative space design. It appears difficult for sociologists to become involved in situations where there is no “outside” of the workshop. However, I think what sociologists can do is offer a standard and ambiguous description.
著者
牧野 智和
出版者
大妻女子大学人間生活文化研究所
雑誌
人間生活文化研究 (ISSN:21871930)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2019, no.29, pp.162-167, 2019-01-01 (Released:2020-01-24)
参考文献数
24

戦後学校建築のはじまりにおいて,「鉄筋コンクリート造校舎の標準設計」(1949)のモデルスクールとして建設された西戸山小学校(1950)は,学校建築の質的向上を図ろうとしたエポックメイキングな建築だという評価と,従来的な学校建築を踏襲したものだという評価が相半ばしている.このような評価の混在はどのように理解することができるのか.本報告では,戦後から1960年代までの学校建築計画研究の展開を参照して,当時の学校建築の評価を分ける「計画性」の合格ラインがどのように引かれていたのかを考察する.
著者
牧野 智和
出版者
日本教育社会学会
雑誌
教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.84, pp.145-163, 2009-05-31 (Released:2018-05-01)
参考文献数
12

Since the latter half of the 1990s, new expressions have appeared concerning ability in labor and education. These expressions of ability do not only reflect the transformation of the contemporary dominant ability model. The expressions themselves are social processes, and they are social practices that structure the dominant ability model anew. From these points of view, this paper will analyze expressions of ability as a social practice, and examine and consider the social significance of the expressions of ability empirically. As a result of the analysis, the following points were extracted.Firstly, the routine of magazine editing is a reflexive process which incorporates trends from all different forms of media. Therefore special features on business ability are produced based on trends from these media. They consequently reflect the dominant ability model that precedent studies have described. Secondly, in special features on business ability, company managers and office workers of well-known organizations frequently appear as the embodiers of the ability. In addition, experts that have specific dispositions frequently construct, define and rate the ability. Thirdly, in these special features, specific “relationships to oneself” are frequently seen. The relationships are that transformations of character and emotion into ability, based on self-monitoring and self-control, assist in engaging oneself positively and maximizing the potential nature of the self. These are psychologized “relationships to oneself.” Such monitoring, control, engaging oneself positively, and maximization of potential nature, are an intention for the whole process of labor.These special features on business ability seem to be a transient trend, but it is clear that there are various aspects of cultural arbitrariness involved. It may be said that one of the tasks of the sociology of education today is to prepare a blueprint based on a comprehensive theoretical framework of such cultural arbitrariness and the actual situation. In this article, I show that Bourdieuʼs theoretical framework of symbolic struggle is one such framework.