著者

鈴木 董

出版者

千里文化財団

雑誌

季刊民族学 (ISSN:03890333)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.4, pp.55-78, 2009

著者

鈴木 董 東京大学東洋文化研究所図書室 編

出版者

東洋文化研究所

巻号頁・発行日

pp.265-278, 2008-03-31

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アジア古籍保全講演会第3回(平成19年11月20日)開催。この記録集は、東京大学東洋文化研究所が主催したアジア古籍保全講演会(第1回~第3回)について、当日における講演、事例報告、ワークショップ、総合討論の内容を取りまとめたものである。 文中における講演者等の肩書きは、発表当時のものである。

著者

鈴木 董

出版者

公益財団法人 日本学術協力財団

雑誌

学術の動向 (ISSN:13423363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.9, pp.9_41-9_44, 2013-09-01 (Released:2014-01-08)

著者

鈴木 董

出版者

公益財団法人 史学会

雑誌

史学雑誌 (ISSN:00182478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.123, no.1, pp.35-37, 2014-01-20 (Released:2017-07-31)

著者

長澤 榮治 池田 美佐子 黒木 英充 鈴木 董 松本 弘 松井 真子(黒木) 黒木 真子(松井 真子)

出版者

東京大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2001

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アラビア文字圏とは、アラビア語・ペルシア語・オスマントルコ語などアラビア文字を用いる文化的世界を指す。これまで同地域に関する研究は、思想・宗教分野への関心が強く、また伝統的資料利用法による印象論的分析が中心であり、基礎資料の体系的利用にもとづくに政治社会分析の体制が十分に整ってはいなかった。本研究は、近現代の同地域に関する政治社会分析のために、議会議事録・官報・法令集・政府年鑑・地誌など基本資料を用いたデータベース形成のための手法を構築することを目指した。具体的な作業として、これらの原資料のデジタル化を行い、デジタル化した資料の索引・目次などを利用して用語検索システムのためのアラビア文字入力作業とデータベース設計のモデルの構築を試みた。また、上記の作業に当たっては、未所蔵分の資料の補充や関連する資料の収集、そして現地専門家との意見のために海外調査を実施した。今回アラビア文字圏データベースの構築に向けて基礎的な作業の対象に選んだのは、(1)オスマン帝国官報、(2)エジプト議会議事録、(3)エジプト新編地誌の三資料である。(1)オスマン帝国官報については、マイクロフィルム化とデジタル化を行い、全刊行号に関する書誌情報を入力し、そのデータの整理作業を行うとともに、検索システムのための準備作業を完了した。(2)のエジプト議会議事録は、索引のデジタル化と会期・会議別一覧表の作成を行った。(3)アリー・ムバーラク著『新編地誌』は、エジプト近代社会経済史資料の宝庫であるが、全文のデジタル化と索引のアラビア語入力、キーワード検索のための入力データの選定・整理作業を実施し、パイロット版の検索システムを作成した。上記のデータベースについては、今年度中に試験的に公開する予定である。

著者

鈴木 董 柴 宜弘 萩原 直

出版者

東欧史研究会

雑誌

東欧史研究 (ISSN:03866904)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.86-98, 1989 (Released:2018-10-01)

著者

鈴木 董

出版者

JAPAN ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1983, no.73, pp.44-63,L9, 1983-05-25 (Released:2010-09-01)

参考文献数

69

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I.The Cyprus problem was one of the important international conflicts in the Middle East in the 1960s and 1970s. It was essentially an ethnic conflict between the Greek Cypriots and the Turkish Cypriots, which developed into an international conflict. It was one of the fierce outbreaks of ethnic conflicts which are characteristic of the contemporary Middle East.II.In the modern age, the Western impact destroyed the traditional world system implying a self-sufficient Middle Eastern Islamic World and in the following process of “modernization”, the nature of its basic political units, the structure of identity and the style of co-existence among the ethnic groups, changed greatly.Before the coming of the Western impact, the Middle East was one of the relatively self-sufficient traditional world systems. In the Middle Eastern Islamic World, the idea of the unity of the Islamic World prevailed. There were, in fact, political units called “dawla.” Notwithstanding, the identity of the Middle Eastern peoples who belonged to dawlas was not based on ascription to political units but on religion.The various ethnic groups, which were the components of the mosaic-like societies in the Middle East, formed communities according to religions. And there existed a traditional style of co-existence among them. This traditional style of co-existence in the Middle Eastern Islamic world was not based on the principle of the equality of each ethnic group, but on the principle of the supremacy of the Muslims over the non-Muslims.Non-Muslims were thus second class citizens in Islamic political society. Notwithstanding, considering the limited range of political participation and the structure of the identity of the people of the time, the traditional Middle Eastern style of co-existence, which was institutionalized as a “dhimmi” institution in the classical period and completed in the form of a “millet” institution in the Ottoman Empire, functioned rather well in the complicated mosaic-like societies of the Middle East. Only under the influence of modern nationalism did it begin to dissolve and ethnic conflicts begin to surface. The Cyprus problem is one of these ethnic conflicts of the modern Midddle East.III.Because of its strategic position, Cyprus was occupied by one nation after another. The ethnic composition of Cypriot society also became complicated. When the Ottomans conquered Cyprus in 1571, the largest ethnic group was the Greeks together with some other minor ethnic groups. After the Ottoman conquest, the Turkish soldiers and peasants emmigrated and became at least the second large ethnic group. The millet system, the Ottoman form of the traditional Middle Eastern style of co-existence, was applied to these ethnic groups. The millet system functioned and the fierce outbreak of ethnic conflicts were rarely seen.The beginning of ethnic conflicts came with the impact of the West. Especially, the rise of nationalism and the independence of Greece affected the situation in Cyprus. And the idea of enosis, namely the reunion of Cyprus with Greece, emerged in Greece. Greek nationalism gradually penetrated Cyprus. Because of the rise of the nationalism of non-Muslim subjects, there was an attempt to reform the principle of inequality between Muslims and non-Muslims. In this period, the traditional style of co-existence of ethnic groups was also changing. However, the relationship of co-existence among ethnic groups continued.IV.At the end of this period, in 1878, Cyprus came under British rule. Under British rule, the nationalism of the Greek ethnic group and the Turkish ethnic group developed. The separated educational system of each ethnic group under British rule contributed much to this development. The development of the nationalism of the Greek Cypriots oriented to enosis was especially outstanding. Because of

著者

鈴木 董

出版者

JAPAN ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1987, no.86, pp.39-53,L7, 1987-10-24 (Released:2010-09-01)

参考文献数

37

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Recently, in Asian and African societies, ethnic conflicts have begun to become more serious. In the Western societies, the ethnic resurgence has been going on. The ethnicity problem has become one of the most crucial issues in the research field of international politics.The ethnicity problem was regarded mostly as a transitional problem in the process of nation-state building and exected to be solved at the end of that process. However, in many cases, the ethnicity problems became more serious actually as the process of nation-state building was going on.The ethnicity problem is the problem of integration and co-existence of ethnic groups. Here, in order to reconsider the ethnic problem, we'll try to analyze the historical and cultural backgrounds of the system of co-existence and integration of ethnic groups and its dissolution, using the case of the Middle East, especially that of the Ottoman Empire and her successor states.The Ottoman society was a typical example of the Middle Eastern societies, which were composed of various ethnic groups. There existed a unique system of integration and co-existence.In the Ottoman society, the identity of the members of the society was mainly based on religion. National or racial consciousness was a secondery factor. Various ethnic groups were grouped according to their religions. The Ottoman system of integration and co-existence was essentially the system of integration and coexistence among religious groups, not national or racial groups.There were two essential categories of group, Muslims and Non-Muslims. Non-Muslims were categoried in several sub-groups. Each group co-existed each other with each own duties and pribiledges. This traditional system of integration and co-existence was not based on the principle of equality, but on that of inequality. Muslims were the essential citizens of the political community. Non-Muslism were the secondery citizens who were merely tolerated to exist. Nonetheless this system functioned rather well during the period when the traditional type of political apathy prevailed in the society.This situation began to change under the influence of the West in the late eighteenth century. At first, Non-Muslim peoples in Balkan began to be politically active under the Western influence. They began to try to build their own “nation-state” of ethnically homogenious composition, instead of seeking for equality in a multinational empire. The Ottomans attempted to transform an Islamic empire into a multinational empire in Western type during the nineteenth century. However this attempt failed. Then Muslims themselves fell under the influence of the Western nationalism from the late nineteenth century. Turkish nationalism, Arab nationalism, and so on began to evolve. After the dissolution of the Ottoman empire, there emerged “nation-states” of Muslim peoples. The traditional system of integration and co-existence totally collusped. The ideal of a nation-state which was ethnically homogenious prevailed.However the ethnic compositions of these societies remained heterogenious. Moreover each ethnic group began to evolve their own nationalism. The new style of integration and co-existence of ethnic groups with new orientation has not yet been established. This situation is one of the important factors in the violent outbursts of the ethnic conflicts in the area.

著者

鈴木 董

出版者

JAPAN ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1981, no.69, pp.93-107,L5, 1981-10-28 (Released:2010-09-01)

参考文献数

58

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In the traditional image of international system in the Islamic Middle East, the world was divided into two conflicting worlds, the World of Islam (dar al-Islam) and the World of War (dar al-harb). The perpetual state of war between these two worlds should continue till the whole world came into the control of Muslims. In the World of Islam, there should be only one political body, an Islamic universal state. Accordingly there was no room for the international relations among Muslims. International relations could exist only between the two conflicting worlds. These relations could not be reciprocal but unilateral. This proto-image of the Islamic international system had been accepted through centuries even after the circumstances had changed so greatly.On the eve of the rise of the West, the Ottoman Empire was ruling over the Islamic Middle Eastern World as an Islamic universal empire. The Ottomans accepted the proto-image of Islamic international system. Only in the eighteenth century when the Western Impact began to threaten the Ottomans, the traditional Islamic international system began to transform in its reality and in its image. Modern western international system destroyed the traditional Islamic system little by little. Western nationalism undermined the traditional basis of identity of the members of the empire. The national awaking and national liberation movements of the Balkans drived the Ottomans themselves to seek for new basis of identity and new world order in order to keep thier empire. However the change of tide could not be halted.The Ottoman Empire as an Islamic universal empire dessolved. In the ruin of the universal empire there emerged a group of nation states. The Islamic Middle Eastern World as a self-consistent entity lost its consistency and was incorporated into the modren international system as its sub-system or an area.

著者

鈴木 董

出版者

国際日本文化研究センター

雑誌

公家と武家――その比較文明史的研究―― = Coutiers and Warriors: Comparative Historical Perspectives on Ruling Authority and Civilization (ISSN:09152822)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.275-284, 2004-01-30

著者

鈴木 董

出版者

東京大学東洋文化研究所

雑誌

東洋文化研究所紀要 (ISSN:05638089)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.101, pp.1-71, 1986-11 (Released:2017-06-12)

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The reign of Suleyman the Magnificent was one of the most important periods of the Ottoman history.In his reign, the centralized ruling organization of the empire was firmly established.At the same time, the sutructure of the ruling elites transformed greatly.However, there exist very few detailed monographs which deal with the social composition and career patterns of the Ottoman ruling elites of this period, though discussions on the Lybyer thesis have been going on.In this article, we will try to identify all the vezirazams and vezirs of Suleyman the Magnificent and then will analyze their social origins and career patterns.

著者

中里 成章 鈴木 董 山本 英史 大木 康 桝屋 友子 板倉 聖哲 大石 高志

出版者

東京大学

雑誌

基盤研究(A)

巻号頁・発行日

2002

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本プロジェクトは、ネットワークの態様と文化表象の生産の2点に着目して、東アジア、西アジア及び南アジアのエリートの比較研究を行い、アジアのエリート研究のための新しい視点を構築することを目的とした。また、画像による研究と文献による研究を結合し、アジア研究の新たらしいスタイルをつくることも目標に掲げた。研究成果の概要は次の通りである。1.新しい視点の構築。アジアの前近代社会の発展の中に近代性を見いだし、伝統と近代という二項対立的な枠組み自体を否定して、エリート研究の新しいモデルを構築しようとする方向。その逆に、近代化論を洗練し精緻にすることで、エリート研究の新たな展開を図ろうとする試み。また、下層エリートの文化生産の様態の研究を進め、それを媒介にしてエリート文化を民衆文化に接合し、両者の相互作用を明らかにしようとする問題提起。大略この3つの視点から方法上の試みが行われた。2.ネットワークの態様。さまざまな研究が行われたが、特に成果があったのは、系譜の比較史的研究であった。系譜に記録された親族ネットワークをめぐって、系譜編纂の主体、系譜の虚構性、記録形式の変化の歴史的意味、親族組織が系譜作成に先立つのか、その逆か、等々の視角から活発な討論があった。この成果は論文集『系譜の比較史』として近く刊行する予定である。3.文化表象の生産。オスマントルコやインドに見られる言語世界の多元的構造が、文化表象の生産にどのような意味をもったか。近代のアジアにおいて文化生産の基本的な制度的枠組みをなしていた検閲制度の実態はいかなるものであったか。また、デザインのような商品化された文化生産は、アジアではどのような歴史をもつのか等の問題に関する研究が行われた。検閲に関する成果は『東洋文化』86号の特集「日本の植民地支配と検閲体制」として既に刊行した。4.画像と文献の研究の結合。テキストに書かれた戯曲の場面を挿絵としてヴィジュアル化するときにいかなる問題が生じるか、等々のテーマに関する新鮮な研究が多数行われた。

著者

鈴木 董

出版者

日本政治学会

雑誌

年報政治学 (ISSN:05494192)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, pp.187-209, 1990-03-29 (Released:2009-12-21)