著者

泉井 久之助

出版者

The Linguistic Society of Japan

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1962, no.42, pp.1-14, 1962-10-31 (Released:2010-11-26)

参考文献数

3

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Quels sont les problemes à venir de notre science linguistique? Il sembleraitque le structuralisme actuel, quelque approchées des sciences exactes qu'en soientles méthodes, s'arrete aux apparences, c'est à dire, au niveau baissé des études dulangage humain sans en pénétrer les secrets qui sont réellement les «résidus» Parétoniens.Pour eclaircir meme un peu les résidus linguistiques, it nous faudrait renouvelernos efforts presque dans les memes directions que des grammairiensclassiques qui n'étaient pas si inscientifiques qu'on en pense généralement aujourd'hui. Par ses principes memes, les méthodes mathématiques, y appliquées, neseraient pas toujours effectives pour décrire exactement les cheminements subtilsde nos activités linguistiques. Le progres de notre science, s'il y en a vraimentfutur, semble dépendre, sela est naturel, plutot de l'accroissement de la matierenouvelle et l'approfondissement de l'idée que du raffinement de la mandre.

著者

五十嵐 陽介

出版者

日本言語学会

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.150, pp.33-57, 2016

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<p>琉球語南琉球語群宮古語の方言である池間方言と多良間方言は3種類のアクセント型が対立するいわゆる三型アクセント体系を有する。両方言のアクセント型の区別は広範な環境で中和する。また両方言は,日本語諸方言と比較して複雑なアクセント型の実現規則を有する。本稿は,両方言の韻律構造を記述するためには,2モーラ以上の語根および接語が写像される韻律範疇である韻律語を仮定しなければならないことを示す。また本稿は,韻律範疇を扱う理論的研究の知見を踏まえながら,問題の韻律範疇に韻律語の地位を与えることの妥当性に関する予備的な議論を行う。</p>

著者

ポッペ クレメンス

出版者

The Linguistic Society of Japan

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.150, pp.117-135, 2016 (Released:2016-11-17)

参考文献数

35

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本論文では,舞阪方言のアクセント体系を妥当に記述するために弱強格と強弱格という二種類のフットが必要であることを指摘する。フットを仮定せずに名詞のアクセント体系における体系的空白と,名詞・動詞ともに見られるアクセント交替を説明することはできない。興味深いことに,舞阪方言においては,東京方言と違い,強弱格より弱強格が優先される。強弱格も現れ得るが,語末モーラへのアクセント付与を回避するためだけであり,これ以外の場合は弱強格が選ばれる。これは,二種類のフットが同一言語のアクセント体系の中に共存し得ることを示す。

著者

松本 克己

出版者

日本言語学会

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2001, no.120, pp.89-96, 2001-12-25 (Released:2007-10-23)

参考文献数

54

著者

三根谷 徹

出版者

The Linguistic Society of Japan

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1957, no.31, pp.8-21, 1957-03-31 (Released:2010-11-26)

参考文献数

19

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In recent years, there have appeared new interpretations of the Ancient Chinese from the phonemic point of view, e.g. The Phonemes of Ancient Chinese (Supplement to the JAOS No.16 1953) by Samuel E. MARTIN, “Setsuin no imbo o kaishaku -suru”(in the Okayama Daigaku Hobungakubu Kiyo 3, 1954) by Fumio KUSAKABE, and “Chtigokugo no Shiteki-on'inron”(in the Nihon Cita gokugakkai Kaiho 6, 1954) by Akiyasu TODO One of the most controversial problems is how to solve the isolated final in the rhyme The author assumes this final as *aun just as FORREST reconstructed in his The Chinese Language (London 1948), and pushing this assumption to the whole system of finals, he attempts a tentative solution of the system of finals in the Ancient Chinese (represented by the Ts'ie-Yün) as shown on p.16. The apparent self-consistency of the system, however, does not necessarily mean that the Ts'ie-Yün was compiled basing on one dialect as assumed by B. KARLGREN and CHOU Fakao. The author follows the opinion that the Ts'ie-Yün had the characteristics of the Northern standard language reflecting partially the system of prcedent times and also of another dialects. The different usage of fan-ts'ie in Hsiian-Ying's Yi-ts'ie Ching Yin-yi shows that the system of the Ts'se-Yuuml;n had been followed as a norm at that period.

著者

清水 泰行

出版者

日本言語学会

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.148, pp.123-141, 2015

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この論文は,「熱っ!」のように,形容詞語幹が声門閉鎖を伴って発話され,感動の意味が表現上実現する文(形容詞語幹型感動文と呼ぶ)を扱い,「感動の対象」を表す「主語」をとるかとらないかに着目して考察する。その結果として,形容詞語幹型感動文について,①即応性と対他性による分析から,構造上の「主語」をとらないと考えられること,②「これうまっ!」における「これ」のような形式は,話し手が聞き手に注意喚起を呼び掛けるための「感動の対象」の提示部であること,③形容詞語幹型感動文を構成する形容詞の性質の違い(属性形容詞か感情形容詞か)の観点から,属性形容詞によるものと感情形容詞によるものの二種に大別できること,④属性形容詞によるものも感情形容詞によるものも体言化形式を持ち,名詞句として感動の表出に用いられることで同じ感動文として機能すること,という四点を述べる*。

著者

Seiji SHIMOMURA

出版者

The Linguistic Society of Japan

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1956, no.29, pp.12-40, 1956-03-31 (Released:2010-11-26)

参考文献数

3

著者

服部 四郎

出版者

The Linguistic Society of Japan

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1950, no.15, pp.1-26,103, 1950-04-30 (Released:2010-12-22)

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The writer of this article classifies linguistic forms as follows _??_ is definition of various forms is as the following:A form which is never uttered separately (by means of pauses) from other. form (s) is a bound form; all others are free forms. A free form which cannot be uttered alone is a clitic; all others are independent forms.It is sometimes difficult, however, to distinguish clitics bound forms, because clitics are. generally, although not always, uttered jointly with other form (s)The author explains first how to identify various fractions of utterances as the same form. Then he proposes three points..s the criteria to determine whether a form-is a clitic or a bound form.I) If the form in question can be co: ined freely with various independent forms, which belong to different classes because their functions and inflections are different, it, is a free form, i. e. a clitic.2) If other word (s) or phrase (s) can be inserted freely. between two forms united semantically, both of them are free forms Accordingly the form in question is-a. clitic.3) If two forms combined can change their order of combination, the two forms are free forms. The phonological structure of a form cannot be utilised as a criterion, because many clitics have similar structtres to those of bound forms. Of course we cannot depend upon the_meaning, too.It must be noticed, however, that clitics have such phonological‘ structures as can be uttered separately from other forms, and they are very ‘regular’ in relation to the words, with which they enter into close combinations. Ehglish ’-s of the possessive case is a bound form, because it has not such a phonological structure as can be uttered alone. The-e of Latin puellae is a bound form, because i t is not regular. Compare puerT, hostis, cornas, diei.

著者

栗林 裕

出版者

学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1989, no.95, pp.94-119, 1989

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トルコ語の対格は意味的に限定された目的語に表示されると伝統文法では捉えられてきた。本論では対格の出現条件をみるために, まず対格が表示される場合という観点から考察を始める。ある条件では対格表示が義務的になり, その他では随意的となる場合がある点より, 意味的条件による対格表示には限定の度合という概念が関与することを明確にする。そして意味的条件のみならず形態的・統語的・語用論的条件が対格表示に関与することを明示する。次に, 対格が表示されない場合という観点から考察する。そこでは目的語が動詞に抱合 (incorporate) された構造が連続的に存在し, 対格の出現は目的語と動詞の語彙化の度合に依存することを統語的変形テストにより立証する。最後に, 対格の出現は単に限定という意味的条件に依存すると見るだけでは全く不備で, 本論で提示した様々な条件が統合されることにより対格の出現が決定されることを示す。

著者

川上 蓁

出版者

日本言語学会

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1957, no.31, pp.63-64, 1957-03-31 (Released:2010-12-22)

参考文献数

3

著者

松本 克己

出版者

The Linguistic Society of Japan

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1998, no.114, pp.1-35, 1998-12-25 (Released:2007-10-23)

参考文献数

46

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Traditionally, the vowel harmony in Eurasia was considered to exist only in the so-called Ural-Altaic languages, as typically manifested in Modern Turkish. It was also regarded as a strong evidence for the genetic relationship of these languages. Recently, however, the vowel harmony has been found in many languages other than Uralic or Altaic, also displaying various types and characters.This paper aims to elucidate the existence of two major types of vowel harmony in the Eurasian languages, namely the Eurasian inland type and the Pacific coastal type. The former is what has been called Ural-Altaic type, which consists typically of eight vowels divived into masculine and feminine - and additionally neutral - series; phonologically, the harmony is based on the position of tongue-body: back vs. front.The latter type, on the other hand, is represented by that of Middle Korean, which consists, according to the writer's interpretation of Hwunmin Cyengum Hayryey, of six vowels divided into two series: Yin (i, u, _??_) and Yang (_??_, o, a) ; the phonological basis of harmony is to be regarded as the position of tongue-root, namely, the advanced tongue root (+ATR) producing the Yin vowels and the retracted tongue root (-ATR) realizing the Yang vowels. This type of vowel harmony is also found so far in Gilyak, in Chukchi-Kamchatkan, and further on the Pacific coast of North America, namely, in Penutian languages - particularly in Nez Perce. It may be considered as one of what the writer proposes circum-Pacific areal features.In addition, the vowel harmony of the Tungus languages proves to belong to this coastal type, so that, the writer suggests, the unity of the Altaic languages based on the their presumed genetic relationship may be quite doubtful.

著者

須藤 路子 桐谷 滋 吉岡 博英

出版者

日本言語学会

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1982, no.82, pp.153-155, 1982-09-30 (Released:2010-11-26)

著者

小倉 肇

出版者

The Linguistic Society of Japan

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1977, no.71, pp.21-40, 1977-03-31 (Released:2010-11-26)

参考文献数

20

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In this paper, based upon the internal and external evidences, the author assumes that the Nara Period ko-otsu(甲乙) distinction in /i/ and /e/(イ列・エ列)column syllables was not the one of vowels with which it is usually credited, but the one of initial consonants: palatal versus nonpalatal. Verifying that in the Suiko Period the otsu ki (キ乙)and gi (ギ乙) syllables had a labial glide, the author attempts to interpret the otsu velar syllables as having uvular phonemes / q-, G-/. On the basis of this reconstruction, the author gives the following phonemic changes from the Suiko Period to the Nara Period.

著者

佐藤 琢三

出版者

日本言語学会

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1999, no.116, pp.1-21, 1999

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Japanese has been described as a&ldquo;<i>naru-language</i>&rdquo;which emphasizes intransitive over transitive expressions. But many areas of the semantic range of <i>naru</i>(become)have not been fully investigated. This paper analyzes and provides a full description of one of these.<br>Although <i>natteiru</i>(having become)literally means a state which has come to exist as a result of change, there are some sentences in Japanese in which it actually describes a simple state. This paper classifies this phenomenon from the viewpoint of the recognition of a perceived state and concludes that the sentences in question explain cause/reason, function, or composition of the perceived state.<br>The basic meaninig of <i>naru</i> denotes the attainment of some sort of state in the real world. This paper regards the meaning of the sentenses concerned as a metaphorical extention from the real world to mentally constructed world predication.

著者

ポッペ クレメンス

出版者

日本言語学会

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.150, pp.117-135, 2016

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<p>本論文では,舞阪方言のアクセント体系を妥当に記述するために弱強格と強弱格という二種類のフットが必要であることを指摘する。フットを仮定せずに名詞のアクセント体系における体系的空白と,名詞・動詞ともに見られるアクセント交替を説明することはできない。興味深いことに,舞阪方言においては,東京方言と違い,強弱格より弱強格が優先される。強弱格も現れ得るが,語末モーラへのアクセント付与を回避するためだけであり,これ以外の場合は弱強格が選ばれる。これは,二種類のフットが同一言語のアクセント体系の中に共存し得ることを示す。</p>

著者

南 不二男

出版者

The Linguistic Society of Japan

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1966, no.49, pp.11-27, 1966-03-31 (Released:2013-05-23)

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The purpose of this study is to analyze morphophonological “realization” processes of morphemes in the subject dialect, and to represent the results by ordered rules.Studied here is the dialect of Kuchinotsucho, Minamitakakigun, Nagasaki Prefecture.Two phases are assumed in the description: morphological phase, and phonological phase. Three units are assumed as constituent elements of the morpheme forms: morphophoneme (keitaionso), morphophone (keitaion), and phoneme (onso).In the morphological phase, morphophones are selceted from morphophonemes depending on morphological conditions. Morphological conditions are those total conditions in which are found the morphemes constituting the environment and the morphemes having the morphophoneme as a constituent element of their forms, and includes the tactical relation between the two morphemes. The following phenomena are treated in this phase: alternation of phonemes, e. g. t-d, s-h, e-u, e-i o-u, etc. and lengthening of vowels, e. g. toru (bird) qoori (dative form).In the phonological phase, phonemes are selected from morphophones depending on phonological conditions (the selection is conditioned by the phonemic system of the subject dialect). Phonological conditions are those total conditions in which are found the morphophones constituting the environment for the morphophone which happens to appear, and the tactical (phonotactic) relation between the two morphophones. The following phenomena are treated in this phase: alternation of phonemes as conditioned by the phonemic system, e. g. t-c, d-z etc.; assimilation of phonemes in the final morae of some words, e. g.-bu+bV→-Q+bV, -bu+mV→-N+mV etc.; dropping of consonants or semi-vowels, C1C2→C1, je, ji→e, i; shortening of long vowels, CVVN→CVN, CVVQ→CVQ etc.Each realization process is represented by a rule. Each rule consits of two parts: conditions, and result. Conditions are comprised of the logical product of the environmental element, tactical relation, and other conditions. e. g.(T1<<M) ∩(T1=1) ∩(M=T1E2) ∩(x1prM) ∩(x1M=II):(T1→d)In general, the application of the rules of the morphological phase has precedent over the rules of the phonological phase.

著者

平田 昌司

出版者

日本言語学会

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1996, no.110, pp.169-176, 1996-12-20 (Released:2007-10-23)

参考文献数

9

著者

Jiro IKEGAMI

出版者

The Linguistic Society of Japan

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1956, no.30, pp.77-96, 1956-09-30 (Released:2010-11-26)

著者

岩井 隆盛 横山 辰次

出版者

日本言語学会

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1954, no.26, pp.152-154,187, 1954

著者

彭 国躍

出版者

学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.103, pp.117-140, 1993

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It is a known fact that in early-modern Chinese there were many ways of expressing politeness, but they have not studied systematically. This paper investigates the features and the system of polite expressions in early-modern Chinese in three aspects from a pragmatic perspective. 1. Non-deictic Feature Polite expressions in Japanese have certain specific linguistic forms, such as (お, ご), but in early-modern Chinese the same politeness could be expressed by many different expressions. For instance, when calling somebody by name, Japanese will only say (お名前), but in early-modern Chinese they used "貴姓, 高姓, 上名, 大名, 賢名"etc. and polite expressions were not specified and symbolized as social deixis.2. Conversational Implicature Feature Unlike polite expressions in Japanese, those in Chinese all have clear literal meanings, such as 大(big), 小(small), 下降(descending), 登堂(ascending). The meaning of polite expressions was the conversational implicature derived from the literal meanings of these words. The author proposes an inferring process of the conversational implicatures derived from the literal meanings of polite expressions. 3. Pragmatic System The derivation of the conversational implicature of polite expressions in early-modern Chinese was governed by a set of pragmatic rules. The author proposes the maxim of evaluation which governed polite expressions in early-modern Chinese.Maxim of Evaluation: (a) give positive evaluation to the others as much as possible, (b) give negative evaluation to oneself as much as possible.The author also points out that in early-modern Chinese society, when applicable, this maxim was restrained by the following criteria as for what was positive and what was negative evaluation. 1. quality 2. nobility 3. intelligence 4. height 5. size 6. economic status For example, in the big-small criterion, one should call the interlocutor and the things belonging to him big, such as 大名(big name=your name), 大人(big person=you), 大官(big officer=you). Likewise one should call oneself and the things belonging to him small, such as 子人(small person=me), 小房(small house=my house), 小婿(small son-in-law=my son-in-law).rights:日本言語学会 著作物の原典は印刷刊行された『言語研究』に掲載されているものである