著者

荒牧 重雄 柵山 雅則 早川 由紀夫 中村 保夫 巽 好幸

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山. 第2集 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, 1981-07-01

著者

早川 由紀夫

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山. 第2集 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.174-175, 1982-07-01

著者

早川 由紀夫

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山. 第2集 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.4, pp.287-288, 1986-12-26

著者

小林 哲夫

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山. 第2集 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.45-47, 1985-04-01

著者

久野 久

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山. 第2集 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.3, pp.123-130, 1968-12-01

被引用文献数

1

---

Andesitic and dacitic lavas form a certain kind of autobrecciated structure upon entering into the water instead of forming the pillow structure common in basaltic lavas. Such lavas consist of angular, polyhedral blocks ranging in size from a few meters to several centimeters in diameter cemented by comminuted fragments of the same material or by sediments. Matrix of palagonite is sometimes present. Individual blocks are compact and are often traversed by joints which divide them into still smaller polyhedral blocks. In blocks larger than 0.5m., which are usually angular in outline and sometimes spheroidal, closely spaced joints roughly perpendicular to the surface of the blocks are developed, indicating their quenching against the water. In the Pleistocene volcanoes of Izu Peninsula and Hakone, no such subaqueous autobrecciated lavas have been found even along the present sea coast. This fact implies that they have never been uplifted since the beginning of the Pleistocene or have been partly submerged because of the elevation of the sea level since the end of the glacial period.

著者

馬越 孝道 清水 洋 松尾 のり道

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.5, pp.223-235, 1994-11-20

被引用文献数

9

---

Fugendake, the main peak of Unzen Volcano of Kyushu Island in southwest Japan, started to erupt on November 17, 1990, after 198 years of dormancy, and lava extrusion has continued over three years since May 1991. Hypocenters of earthquakes which occurred before and during that eruption were precisely determined using P-wave arrival time data from five selected seismic stations near the focal region. The hypocenters in Chijiwa Bay are distributed in Chijiwa Caldera. Two linear arrangements of epicenters directed nearly from west to east emerged clearly in the western part of the Shimabara Peninsula, whose hypocentral depths became shallower toward the summit of Fugendake. The distribution of hypocenters is restricted by the fault systems which have been formed by the crustal movements of Unzen Graben. The stress which generates these earthquakes is dominated mainly by the north-south extension ; consistent with the regional tectonic stress. The directions of pressure axes are controlled by the magmatic pressure beneath the focal region. It is inferred from the hypocentral distribution and the orientations of pressure axes that the magma involved in the 1990-94 eruption is situated below an inclined boundary between seismic and aseismic regions in the western part of the Shimabara Peninsula. The magma ascent path is located at 13±2 km in depth beneath the western shore of the Shimabara Peninsula, becoming shollower eastward with an angle of elevation of 40〜50°.

著者

澤田 可洋 Andal C. Marzan D.

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山. 第2集 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.4, 1980-12-01

著者

澤田 可洋

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山. 第2集 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.3, 1976-12-15

著者

宮縁 育夫 渡辺 一徳

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1, pp.25-32, 2000-03-10

被引用文献数

3

---

Jigoku spa is located west of Ikenokubo basin of Yomineyama volcano, southwestern part of the central cones of Aso volcano. In this basin, "Ikenokubo tuff ring" and two smaller maars were developed. Two layers of ejecta, about 10^5 m^3 in bulk volume, formed by phreatic explosions were found in this area. They are very poorly sorted and mainly composed of altered fine-grained ash including lithic fragments. Kikai Akahoya ash erupted about 6,300 years BP (^<14>C) is intercalated between two layers of phreatic ejecta in thick ash layers from Nakadake, the only active central cone. Based on ^<14>C ages of buried Andisols and the succession of the deposits, the eruption ages of the two ejecta are estimated at about 10,000 years BP for older deposit and at about 4,500 years BP for younger one. Distributions of thickness and maximum grain size of the lithic fragments suggest that the both of two phreatic ejecta were exploded not from "Ikenokubo tuff ring" and two maars but from the Jigoku explosion crater in the western area. Ejecta correlative to the "Ikenokubo tuff ring" Iies under the older of the phreatic ejecta layers. Consequently, the eruption age of "Ikenokubo tuff ring" is probably older than 10,000 years BP. Frequency of phreatic explosions, Iarger than 10^5 m^3 in volume, is considered to be once in about 5,000 years. This fact is noteworthy for volcanic hazards assessment in the surrounding area of Jigoku spa and adjacent Tarutama spa.

著者

中禮 正明

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山. 第2集 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, 1984-07-01

著者

安田 裕紀 佐藤 鋭一 和田 恵治 鈴木 桂子

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.4, pp.447-459, 2015

---

Eruption interval between Hb- and Px-types pyroclastic-flows from the Ohachidaira caldera of Taisetsu volcano, central Hokkaido, Japan, was estimated from the paleomagnetic directions. Px-type pyroclastic-flow deposit rests on Hb-type one, and gravel beds are intercalated between them. Oriented 138 samples were collected from 13 sites for paleomagnetic analysis. The paleomagnetic direction of Hb-type pyroclastic-flow deposit shows a normal polarity with a westerly declination(overall mean is N=7, D=-27.1°, I=66.3°, α_<95>=2.7°, k=511.2), while that of Px-type pyroclastic-flow deposit shows a normal polarity with an easterly declination (overall mean is N=6, D=19.8°, I=67.5°, α_<95>=4.6°, k=213.8). The two paleomagnetic directions are significantly different, and the time interval between the two pyroclastic eruptions is estimated to be more than about 100±40 years based on the geomagnetic secular variation in China, Russia, Europe, North America, and Japan.

著者

高橋 正樹

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山. 第2集 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.143-144, 1981-07-01

著者

中村 一明

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山. 第2集 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, 1973-08-01

著者

長宗 留男 横山 博文 福留 篤男

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.1-8, 1992-04-01

被引用文献数

2

---

Earthquake swarms which have frequently occurred off the east coast of the Izu Peninsula since 1978 are investigated, and the relationships between the swarms and the submarine volcanic eruption at Teisi Knoll in 1989 are discussed. The results are summarized as follows: 1) Shapes of epicentral areas of the earthquake swarms can be classified into the following two types, Type I and Type II. The former is an ellipse elongated NE-SW; the latler, an eilipse elongated approximately NW-SE. The swarms in the early years are of Type I, and those in the later stage (in particular, since 1984), for the most part, are of Type II.2) The largest earthquakes in the respective swarms for Type I are located along a straight line in the NE-SW direction, and those for Type II, along a curve line in the E-W to NW-SE directions. These two lines are probably indicative of active tectonic lines. 3) The epicentral areas for Type I and Type II, migrate periodically with a recurrece time of 6-7 years along the tectonic line in the NE-SW direction, and with a recurrence time of about 3.7 years along the tectonic line in the E-W to NW-SE directions, respectively. 4) Teisi Knoll where the submarine volcanic eruption took place on July 13, 1989, is situated in the northwestern part of the tectonic line trending E-W to NW-SE. The eruption was triggerd by the largest shock in the swarm which occurred around the northwestern end of the line.

著者

宇平 幸一 永福 順則 山本 博二 横山 博文 荒木 卓次

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山. 第2集 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.S36-S44, 1984-12-28

被引用文献数

1

---

A swarm of earthquakes, precursory indication of the eruption, began to be recorded at Miyakejima Weather Station at 1358 on 3 October, 1983, although none was recorded at any other seismic station of JMA until the onset of the eruption. On the other hand, another swarm of earthquakes that resumed after the onset of the eruption was caught by seismographs around Miyakejima. Precursory earthquakes were grouped into two types, i.e., high frequency earthquakes and low frequency ones, according as their predominant frequencies were higher than 2.5 Hz or not. It is unpromissing to try to determine hypocenters of precursory events, but, both the first motions of 5 high frequency earthquakes and the particle motions of 2 low frequency ones in the horizontal plane inidicate that their sources were located to the SW of the seismograph, probably on the island. Gradually increasing continuous tremors started immediately after the earthquake at 1522 which had a predominant frequency of about 1.4 Hz from initial motion through coda. The following continuous tremor had almost the same predominant frequency. Major eruptive activity probably began with this low frequency earthquake. The magnitudes of two large precursory earthquakes were estimated to be about 3.0 by applying the relation between the magnitudes of post-eruption earthquakes and their maximum amplitudes or duration times of vertical component at Miyakejima Weather Station. However, this estimation was not appropriate because earthquakes of such size were large enough to be recorded at seismic stations other than Miyakejima. The seismograph at the sea bottom off Omaezaki (named "TK1OBS" in the seismological bulletin of Japan Meterological Agency), about 180 km W of Miyakejima, detected post-eruption earthquakes of magnitude about larger than 2.5, but did not record any pre-eruption earthquakes. The background noise on 3-4 October had remained at a similar level of 0.02 milikine, which corresponds to the expected maximum velocity of the vertical component on TK1OBS when an earthquake of magnitude 2.4 occurs at Miyakejima. Therefore, precursory earthquakes seem to be of magnitude less than 2.4.

著者

宮町 宏樹 泊 知里 八木原 寛 井口 正人 為栗 健 山本 圭吾 大倉 敬宏 安藤 隆志 尾西 恭亮 清水 洋 山下 裕亮 中道 治久 山脇 輝夫 及川 純 植木 貞人 筒井 智樹 森 済 西田 誠 平松 秀行 小枝 智幸 増田 与志郎 加藤 幸司 畠山 謙吾 小林 哲夫

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.227-237, 2013-03-29

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2008年に実施された屈折法地震探査によって得られたP波初動走時により,姶良カルデラおよび桜島火山の深さ3kmまでの速度構造を推定した.本研究地域の基盤層である四万十層群は4.6-5.0km/sのP波速度を持ち,姶良カルデラの中央部に向け傾斜している.姶良カルデラの中央部には,4.2-4.4km/sの低速度域が深さ1.5-3kmに存在している.そして,この低速度域はカルデラ下に存在する深部マグマ溜まりからのマグマ供給系が活発であることを示唆している.また,基盤層は鹿児島地溝帯の北西域の境界に沿って深さ1kmから2.5kmに急激に落ち込んでいることがわかった.桜島火山の速度構造は3.6-3.7km/sの領域が存在することで特徴づけられる.桜島火山の山頂直下で発生している火山性地震の震源域と速度構造の比較から,地下構造が種々の火山性地震の震源域の広がりに強い影響を与えていることを示した.

著者

原田 昌武 細野 耕司 小林 昭夫 行竹 洋平 吉田 明夫

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.4, pp.193-199, 2010-08-31

被引用文献数

1

---

Temporal changes in dilatational strain and the activity of low-frequency earthquakes around Mt. Fuji and Hakone volcano are investigated. It is shown that both cumulative strain and cumulative number of low-frequency earthquakes around Mt. Fuji have been increasing since the end of 2006. The tendency is more notable for relatively larger earthquakes rather than smaller earthquakes. The b value for earthquakes during the period after November 2006 is significantly smaller than the b value during the period from January 2004 through October 2006. These facts suggest that the crustal stress surrounding the source region of low-frequancy earthquakes has been increasing. We think this is the cause of the dilatational strain observed around Mt. Fuji. On the other hand, a clear relationship is not seen between extensional strain events observed three times since 2001 and the activity in low-frequancy earthquakes around Hakone volcano.

著者

為栗 健 MARYANTO Sukir 井口 正人

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.5, pp.273-279, 2007-10-31

被引用文献数

2

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桜島火山において発生するハーモニック微動のモーメントテンソル解析を行った.B型地震群発後に発生する微動(HTB)と爆発的噴火直後に発生する微動(HTE)のモーメントテンソル成分に大きな違いはなく,等方成分は50%以上,CLVD成分は20〜30%,DC成分は20%以下であった.鉛直方向のダイポール成分が大きく,鉛直方向の力が優勢な震源が推定される.震源は火口直下の浅部であり,爆発的噴火発生前に火口底直下に形成されているガス溜まりが微動の発生に関与していると考えられる.

著者

水上 武 茂木 清夫 平賀 士郎 宮崎 務

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山. 第2集 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.2, pp.77-90, 1957-12-30

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Volcano Sakura-zima resumed explosive eruption in its summit crater after a long repose on Oct. 13. 1955, and is still active up to the present (Oct. 1957). In order to throw a light on the relation between explosive eruptions and volcanic earthquakes, we applied to this volcano the same method of seismometrical observation as being carried out in Volcano Asama. As the result, we observed four types of volcanic earthquakes originating from Sakura-zima: Namely, 1) volcanic earthquakes of the A type, 2) volcanic earthquakes of the B type, 3) earthquakes accompanied by explosive eruptions and 4) volcanic pulsation of continuous train (or harmonic tremor). On the basis of the seismometrical observation at four or six stations, we determined localities of these earthquakes of the four types. As the result, it was made clear that the epicentral area of the B type earthquakes, the explosion earthquakes and the volcanic pulsation agree with the locality of the active crater on the summit, and the A type earth quakes are originated from deeper part of the volcano. From the illustration of seismic activity and explosive eruption in Fig. 5, it seems that frequency of the B type earthquakes harmonizes with the eruptive activity. After precise examination of the development of the mentioned phenomena, we find that marked swarms of the B type earthquakes preceed in many cases to respective swarms of explosive eruption by ten or fifteen days. However, the problem is not always simple. It is neccessary to continue the observation not only in active state of the volcano but also in its calm state.

著者

吉田 明夫 瀬野 徹三

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.6, pp.297-301, 1992-12-25

被引用文献数

4