著者

井村 隆介

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.3, pp.119-131, 1995-07-31

被引用文献数

5

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Sedimentological study of the recent deposit of Sakurajima Volcano has exposed some properties of the deposit accumulated by small-scale eruptions. Fall-out deposit of long-term such eruptive activity occur in any nearly concentric circular area around the source. Change of the small-scale eruptive activity manifests as the facies, bulk density and carbon content of the deposit, because such characters of the deposit are reflections of the accumulation rate of pyroclastics. Gray laminated or massive volcanic sand layer indicates a period of highly active volcanism ; brownish loamy volcanic sand layer a less active one and brownish loam or humic soil a dormant or inactive one. The duration of those periods can be estimated from the facies, thickness and bulk density of the deposit and recent fall-out ash data.

著者

荒牧 重雄 早川 由紀夫

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山. 第2集 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.203-215, 1982-10-01

被引用文献数

9

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A small-scale explosive eruption of Asama volcano lasted from 02 h 25 m to ca. 06 h, April 26, 1982. It produced a thin but far-reaching ash fall bed and very minor pyroclastic flows on the upper slopes. The main axis of ash-fall deposit extended ESE passing Tokyo to reach the Boso Peninsula. Subordinate axis extended toward the southwest to reach Lake Suwa. The wind above 5, 000 m was mainly responsible for the main axis while the low altitude winds produced the subordinate axis as it blew south to southwestwards. The amount of ash fall ranged from more than 300 g/m^2 to 100 g/m^2 at the distance of ca. 10 km from the vent and the total mass erupted was estimated to be about 8 million tons. The ash traveled at an average speed of 12 m/s as far as 200 km from the vent along the main axis. Grain size of the ash regularly decreases clockwise at the distance of about 10 km from the crater reflecting the changing wind direction with altitude. No appreciable change in the medium diameter was found for samples taken in Tokyo (130 km away, Md_φ=3.32) and the one 10 km away (Md_φ=3.26). All samples show marked skewness toward fractions finer than 63 μm suggesting that such fine particles descended in aggregates. Field evidence that in some places ash was incorporated in mud droplets strongly supports this mechanism although it was reported that ash fell apparently in a "dry" state. Ash contained several percent of hydrothermally altered older volcanic materials as well as much water-soluble substances, gypsum, alunite, etc. No clay minerals were found by x-ray diffraction, a fact in strong contrast with the ejecta of 1977-1978 eruption of Usu and 1979 eruption of Ontake volcanoes although both materials had a very similar appearance and clayey physical properties as the present ash. No vesicular, juvenile matelials were identified and the bulk consisted of polyhedral grains of hyalopilitic pyroxene andesite very much similar to recent lavas of Maekawa-yama. No liquid magma but a high-temperature steam jet deep out of the vent may have been responsible for this explosive eruption. High temperature of the erupted material was clearly demonstrated by the glowing deposits observed on the upper slopes immediately after the first phase of eruption. These were mainly laid down by the very small scale pyroclastic flows which overflowed the crater rim and descended for a short distance over the northern and southern slopes.

著者

大木 章一 村上 亮 渡辺 信之 浦部 ぼくろう 宮脇 正典

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.5, pp.401-410, 2005-10-31

被引用文献数

11

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The Asama volcano (elevation 2568m), central Japan, erupted on September 1, 2004. Since then thick volcanic fumes prevented monitoring of the topography on the summit crater floor by standard optical methods. To detect geomorphic changes of the volcano, Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AirSAR) measurements including interferometry were repeatedly carried out on September 16, October 22, December 15, 2004 and March 10, 2005. The comparison of AirSAR result in September with a digital elevation model (DEM) by laser profiling measurements in October 2003 revealed that a pancake shape lava mound (volume=0.9×10^6m^3) was formed on the floor. The subsequent AirSAR measurement on October 22 indicated that the pancake shape mound had disappeared and a small pit hole was formed. The volume of ejecta amounted to 2.1×10^6m^3. The AirSAR results in December 2004 and March 2005 suggested that the shape of the crater floor stayed generally unchanged during that time window. From these, we infer that lava extrusion during the 2004 Asama eruption occurred within a short period around September and October.

著者

豊田 純一 柿沢 栄一 木村 政昭

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山. 第2集 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, 1983-07-01

著者

関根 利守 桂 敬 荒牧 重雄

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山. 第2集 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.175-176, 1978-07-01

著者

宮縁 育夫 星住 英夫 高田 英樹 渡辺 一徳 徐 勝

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.2, pp.195-214, 2003-05-20

被引用文献数

12

---

Aso central cones located within Aso caldera, central Kyushu, southwestern Japan, initiated their activity soon after the formation of the caldera (ca. 90 ka). The cones have produced voluminous airfall tephra layers and lava flows. Most of the tephra layers distributed in and around Aso caldera are andesite to basaltic-andesite scoria-fall and ash-fall deposits. Their stratigraphy is very complicated because it is difficult to distinguish between scoria-fall layers in the field. However, dacite to rhyolite pumice-fall deposits from some central cones interbedded between the tephra layers are very useful to correlate stratigraphic units at separated localities. Therefore, we used the pumice-fall deposits in order to construct the tephrostratigraphy and eruptive history of Aso central cones during the past 90,000 years. Thirty-six pumice-fall deposits were identified including eleven major key beds. In ascending order they are Nojiri pumice (NjP), Ogashiwa pumice (OgP), Yamasaki pumice 5 (YmP5), Sasakura pumice 2 (SsP2) and 1 (SsP1), Aso central cone pumice 6 to 3 (ACP6-ACP3), Kusasenrigahama pumice (Kpfa) and Aso central cone pumice 1 (ACP1). Phenocrystic minerals of most pumice are plagioclase, ortho- and clino- pyroxene and magnetite, but NjP, ACP5, ACP3 and ACP1 include biotite, and NjP and SsP2 contains hornblende phenocrysts. On the basis of several ^<14>C ages of buried soils just below pumice (above Kpfa) and stratigraphic position eruption ages for the eleven major pumice are estimated as follows: NjP (85 ka), OgP (80 ka), YmP5 (69 ka), SsP2 (57 ka), SsP1 (56 ka), ACP6 (52 ka), ACP5 (45 ka), ACP4 (40 ka), ACP3 (39 ka), Kpfa (31 ka) and ACP1 (4ka). During the past 90,000 years Aso central cones produced pumice-fall deposits at an interval of about 2,500 years. Many of the sources of the pumice appear now buried under the present Aso central cones.

著者

早川 由紀夫

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, pp.S1-S15, 1995-12-25

被引用文献数

2

---

Age of a tephra can be determined by simple stratigraphy, if adequate number of time-markers are provided. Eleven master tephras are chosen as the time-markers for the last one million years. They are Kikai-Akahoya (7.330 ka), Aira-Tanzawa (26.00 ka), Daisen-Kurayoshi (50.00 ka), Aso-4 (87.00 ka), Ata-Torihama (250.0 ka), Kakuto (340.0 ka), Suiendani-TE5 (420.0 ka), Kobayashi-Sakura (540.0 ka), Kaisyo-Toriitoge (650.0 ka), Shishimuta-Azuki (870.0 ka), and Shishimuta-Pink (1000 ka). The present earth surface and Bruhnes/Matuyama boundary (780.0 ka) play a same role as master tephras. Ages of some master tephras are assigned rather arbitrarily, however, it is productive to affix them once to a specific value. A tephra sandwiched between two master tephras is afforded its age by interpolating the thicknesses of loess between them. This technique, loess-chronometry, has the advantage of ability to measure an interval of tens to thousands years in the geologic past, over radiometric dating. More than 900 tephras are presently recorded and linked each other in a computer database including name, source volcano, age, magnitude, stratigraphy, and remarks. An updated version is listed in WWW at "http://www.la.gunma-u.ac.jp/〜hayakawa/English.html".

著者

岩淵 洋 浅田 昭 玉木 操

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山. 第2集 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.4, pp.295-299, 1989-12

著者

中川 光弘 丸山 裕則 船山 淳

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.13-31, 1995-03-10

被引用文献数

10

---

Hokkaido island is situated at the junction of northeastern Japan and Kuril arcs. Recent K-Ar age dating of Cenozoic volcanics in the island revealed that the distribution of Quaternary volcanoes (<1.7Ma) is remarkably different from previously accepted one. On the basis of the newly established distribution of the volcanoes, spatial variations in SiO_2-normalized major element values (SiO_2=60%) of Quaternary andesitic rocks (SiO_2=56-64wt%) are investigated. The Na_2O, CaO and P_2O_5 values vary systematically in the across-arc direction irrespective of the tectonic setting and/or the geological structure. On the contrary, the variations in FeO, Al_2O_3 and K_2O values seem to be largely correlated with the tectonic setting and the Bouguer anomaly. The distribution of the volcanoes and the mode of spatial variations in major element chemistry suggest the presence of three Quatemary volcanic fields, the southwestern Hokkaido (SWH), Taisetsu-Tokachi-Shikaribetsu (TTS) and Akan-Shiretoko (AKS) regions. Modes of the spatial variations in normalized major element values in SWH and AKS regions resemble each other and are nearly the same as those of northern Honshu arc; chemical zonation of volcanoes is sub-parallel to the trench axis in both regions. On the contrary, the spatial variations in FeO and K_2O values in TTS region are different from those in SWH and AKS regions. The mode of the variations in FeO and K_2O values is thus discontinuous in Hokkaido island. The values of Bouguer anomaly at TTS region (-40 to 0 mgal) are much lower than those at other two regions (+40 to +100 mgal). Because crustal thickness under the regions is nearly identical (25-34km), the regional variation in the values of Bouguer anomaly suggests that crustal materials of TTS region are less dense than those of SWH and AKS regions. These different crustal materials, which have been produced under the different tectonic settings, are believed to have resulted in mode of spatial variations in major element chemistry of Quaternary andesites.

著者

宮縁 育夫 池辺 伸一郎 渡辺 一徳

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.4, pp.227-241, 2005-08-31

被引用文献数

6

---

Ash emissions occurred from a hot water pool of one of the craters of Nakadake, the only active central cone of Aso Volcano, southwestern Japan, on July 10, 2003 and January 14, 2004. The former ash was dispersed throughout an area extending 14km east-northeast of the vent, whereas the latter ash extended 8km to the east-southeast. Based on isopleth maps, the total weight of ash discharged by each event was 41tons and 32tons, respectively. Both ash-fall deposits were composed of fine-grained (<1mm) glass shards, crystals and lithic fragments, and contained neither lapilli nor blocks. Some glass shards appear fresh and are probably juvenile material. We therefore believe that these phenomena represent non-explosive gas-and-ash emissions through the hot water pool. The ash particles emitted from the hot water pool of the Nakadake crater were aggregated at a size of 1-3mm and deposited because of a high content of water. The ash-fall deposits in proximal areas (<1.5km from the crater) were finer grained and more poorly sorted than in distal areas (>5km). Moreover, the deposit volume obtained from actual data in the proximal area was much larger than the volume extrapolated only from the isopleth data of the distal deposits. These phenomena suggest that the proximal deposits were emplaced mainly by another fine-grain-rich column different from the main ash plume that extended to distal areas, or that some parts of the column detached from the main plume that emplaced the proximal deposits.

著者

藤井 敏嗣

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本火山学会

雑誌

火山.第2集 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.117-130, 1978

被引用文献数

1

---

約半世紀にわたる実験岩石学的研究により,主要なマグプの生成に関する物理化学的条件については,かなり解明されたと言ってもよいであろう. しかし,マグマ生成の物理化学的条件が分っただけではマグマの成因を理解したことにはならない. マグマカミ生成し,地表あるいは地殻浅部に到達するまでのメカニズムを理解して,はじめてマグマの成因が分ったと言える. このためにも,マグマの物理的性質についての知識は重要である. 本稿では,マグマの物理的性質のうち,移動現象に関係のある粘性と密度とをとりあげる.

著者

北大・奥尻島群発地震調査グループ 勝井 義雄

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山. 第2集 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.4, 1984-12-28

著者

LONDONO B John Makario 小林 芳正

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.31-47, 1994-05-20

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1990年8〜9月,ネバド・デル・ルイス(NRV)火山でいくつかの高周波火山性群発地震が,5カ所におかれた可搬式3成分デジタル地震計で記録された.この期間に3つの群発地震が記録されたが(8月28日,9月11日,9月17日),それぞれの群の震源は,活動している火口周辺の,互いに異なる領域内に決定された.スペクトル解析と波形の観察から,同一の群に属する多くの地震は,同一観測点ではよく似たスペクトルと波形を示すが(ほとんど相似),群が変わると非常に違った形状になることがわかった.これは,一つの群発地震中,震源時間関数がどの地震でも互いに似ているためと考えられる.また,同一群の地震でも観測点が変わるとスペクトルが異なっており,伝播経路の効果が強いと考えられる.これらの群発地震と比較するため,9月11日の群発地震の震源領域に近い領域で起こったいくつかの孤立的な地震を同様に解析した.これらの孤立的地震のスペクトルと波形は,同一の観測点でも,異なる観測点間でも互いによく似ていた.このことは,孤立的地震では経路効果はあまり強くないことを意味し,孤立的地震の経路が,経路効果の強い群発地震とは,性質の異なる領域を通っているためと考えられる.今回の解析から,NRVの高周波群発地震はある決まった領域内に起こること,それぞれは特有のスペクトルと波形を持つことがわかった.孤立的地震は均一な領域などで不均質な領域で起こり,この不均質のために観測点ごとに経路効果が異なるものと考えられる.NRV周辺各点のスペクトル間の相似性からNRV地域は3つの地帯に分けられそうである.

著者

宇井 忠英 隅田 まり 大学合同観測班地質班 荒牧 重雄 大島 治 鎌田 桂子 小林 武彦 小屋口 剛博 佐藤 博明 中川 光弘 中田 節也 藤井 敏嗣 藤縄 明彦 古山 勝彦 三宅 康幸 横瀬 久芳 渡辺 一徳

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.2, pp.45-52, 1993-07-01

被引用文献数

2

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Small-scale pyroclastic flows due to the collapse of the lava dome have been frequently generated during the 1991-93 eruption of Unzen Volcano. We have recorded video footages which show the generation of pyroclastic flows during January-March 1992. Two types of phenomena have been observed : deformation of the lava dome due to flowage ; and a sudden discharge of gas and ash through fractures and peeling-off of rock fragments from the surface of cooling lava blocks. Pyroclastic flows were generated only in places on the lava dome where these precursory phenomena were frequently observed.

著者

茅原 一也 布施 弘 土屋 彰義

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山. 第2集 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, 1977-08-15

著者

ペレツ ネメシオ ヘルナンデス ペドロ カストロ ローデス サラサー ホセ 野津 憲治 森 俊哉 岡田 弘

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.4, pp.347-351, 2002-09-17

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有珠山2000年噴火の18月前の1998年9月に, 山頂域, 麓域の150箇所で採取した土壌中のホウ素とアンモニアの定量を行った. その結果, 土壌中のホウ素含有量は1,300μg/kgに達し, アンモニア含有量は14mg/kgに達した. ホウ素含有量の空間分布は, 900μg/kg以上の極めて高い領域が高温噴気活動が見られる山頂カルデラ内のほかにも, 2000年の噴火地点に近い北西山麓に存在していた. また, アンモニア含有量の高い領域は, ホウ素含有量の高い領域に一致し, さらに昭和新山でも見られた. 土壌中のホウ素, アンモニアの高濃度異常域は, 二酸化炭素の土壌からの放出量が高い領域 (Hernandez et al.,2001) とよく合っており, これらの成分が共通の起源をもつことを示唆している. このことは,土壌中のホウ素やアンモニアが, 二酸化炭素と同様に,火山体における揮発性物質の挙動を知る上で有用な指標となることを示している.

著者

日下部 実 平林 順一 佐藤 博明 佐野 有司 野尻 幸宏 篠原 宏志 Njine T.

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山. 第2集 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.4, 1989-12

著者

佐藤 博明 Tchoua F.

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山. 第2集 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.4, pp.356-357, 1989-12

著者

大場 与志男

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山. 第2集 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.3, 1967-12-01

著者

後藤 芳彦 合地 信生

出版者

特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.37-50, 1991-04-15

被引用文献数

2

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Quaternary subaqueous volcanic rocks are widely distributed in the Shiretoko Peninsula, Northeast Hokkaido, Japan. They are composed of andesitic to basaltic hyaloclastites, which are associated with comagmatic dykes and epiclastic volcanic breccias. The geology, petrography and major element compositions of these volcanic rocks from the Cape Shiretoko area were examined to reconstruct the submarine volcanoes in the area. The volcanic rocks in the area are composed of hyaloclastites and epiclastic volcanic breccias. Hyaloclastites are divided into two types. One is composed of pillows with concentric fractures and angular fragments in a cogenetic matrix, and the other is composed of angular fragments in a cogenetic matrix. Epiclastic volcanic breccias are composed of subrounded to rounded volcanic fragments in a fine matrix. These volcaniclastic rocks are overlapped one another, and form two dome structures which are intruded by radial swarms of comagmatic dykes. One of the radial dyke swarm has a volcanic neck in the center. These facts are suggestive of two submarine volcanic cones with radial dyke swarms. The authors revealed two submarine polygenetic volcanoes which have been formed by island arc volcanism with a wide range of composition (SiO_2 = 48 - 65 wt%) during the early to middle Pleistocene.