著者

圓田 浩二

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.3, pp.75-92,152, 2000-02-29 (Released:2016-11-02)

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In this paper, the author discusses the social meaning of eating disorders, especially binge eating and vomiting with bulimia nervosa, from a sociological perspective. First, he identifies from his interviews (thirty cases) two types within the main factors of eating disorders. One type is named "skinny wish type" which indicates those who developed eating disorders to avoid obesity. The other is named "social maladjustment type" to identify those who have eating disorders caused by stresses in their lives. The social maladjustment type has rarely been discussed in sociological literature on disorders. Secondly, the author represents a new perspective by means of critiquing the feminist approach to eating disorders. It is a concept of "de-sociality" through an analysis of the "social maladjustment type". De-sociality is temporarily de-embedding the self from an existing social relationship. For eating disorder patients, the de-social space-time creates a healing space for them to recover their sociality.

著者

上野 加代子 内田 良

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.117-125, 2010-10-31 (Released:2015-05-13)

著者

翁 和美

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.3, pp.37-54,176, 2010

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The point of departure of this thesis lies in the "fact" that the management principles of S. nursing home, the first in Japan to specialize in patients suffering from dementia, aim to maintain the norms and values of daily life, which, together with the caregivers' pattern-making practices, have led its residents to form ways of being, doing, and living similar to people without dementia. This thesis attempts to pursue and envisage a concrete pathway in the system of "mutual" recognition in S. nursing home between caregivers and residents in the broader socio-political context in Japan. Notwithstanding the transformations of the new method in the regimes of care-giving and being cared for in modern industrial societies regarding people with dementia, notably in its shift from medicalization (the "disease model") to person-centered care (the "relational model"), we find in S. nursing home in addition that there are cognitive adjustments relative to both models and also relative to the "common" elements in the conduct of daily life that help caregivers to change their interpretations of people with dementia and to recognise them as being similar to themselves, tied to "common sense" and narrative unity in age, yet also as being "communicable" partners. In the conduct of daily life: getting up in the morning, cooking, eating, and sleeping at night - caregivers (people without dementia) are no different from people with dementia. While the "disease model" underlies caregivers' acceptance of patients, cognitive adjustments relative to these "common" elements endorse caregivers' sympathy for residents (patients), which, although one-sided, complete the "relational model" as the caregivers' primary mode of operation at S. nursing home. Three key concerns may greatly enrich not only academic studies of people with dementia, but also the various regimes of care-giving and being cared for in modern industrial societies. They constitute the conditions necessary to realise a "mutual" cognition between nursing home caregivers and residents with dementia. First, the malleable qualities of a public location (the nursing home): conditions similar to a home-like atmosphere enable nursing home caregivers to forge ties through situational cognition. Second, caregivers' pattern-making practices under the conditions of the first mode make it possible to refer to a "common" element in both people with dementia and those without: the most basic determination of people struggling to cope with their own life events, such as dementia, and improving their circumstances through their own intention and will. Lastly, the requirement that the "relational model" affiliate with the "disease model" allows nursing home caregivers to take advantage of chances of communication with people with dementia, resulting in depathologisation. Although both are one-sided, the cognitive adjustments relative to both the "disease model," as caregivers' full acceptance of people with dementia, and the "relational model," as caregivers' primary mode of operation, are necessary for "mutual" recognition between caregivers and people with dementia to take place.

著者

君塚 大学

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.3, pp.133-148,, 1993-02-28 (Released:2017-02-15)

著者

松谷 実のり

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.95-113, 2015

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<p>国内の雇用再編の中で周縁化された若者の一部には、リスクを取ってチャンスにかける志向が見られる。その一例が、現地採用者として上海で働く若者である。彼らは日本企業の本社が派遣する駐在員とは異なり、人材紹介会社を利用して上海の日系企業と直接雇用契約を結ぶ。本稿ではメゾレベルの移住のメカニズムとミクロな個人の動機の交錯に注目し、現地採用という特殊な雇用制度の仕組みとそれが拡大してきた経緯を明らかにする。その上で、当該雇用制度の特徴と若者がそれを選択する理由との関係に言及する。移住システム論に依拠しながら、制度を整備した人材紹介会社、移住労働者を必要とする日系企業、制度を戦略的に利用しようとする若者の三者の関係に注目する。 人材紹介会社は、日本から若者を送り出す労働力の供給システムを整備した。日系企業は制度の整備を受け、企業内での従業員の再配置(=駐在員の派遣)から外部労働市場を利用した柔軟な労働力の取り込み(=現地採用)へと、雇用を流動化させつつある。この結果、日系企業の需要に合わせた特殊な労働市場が海外に形成された。日系企業の進出と撤退に伴い、この労働市場も短期間で拡大・縮小するが、移住システムの枠組は新たな資本投下先に移植されることで再生産されている。 他方で、若者は予測不可能な環境へ飛び出すことで、日本の労働市場における閉塞感を打破しようとする。彼らは自らの持つ資本と移住のコストやリスクを照らし合わせ、現実的かつ暫定的な戦略として現地採用を選択する。このとき、日系企業への労働力供給システムを貫く資本の論理と、潜在的な可能性に投機しようとする若者の積極性は、一時的に合致する。</p>

著者

守 如子

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.1, pp.122-125, 2016-06

著者

ソシオロジ編集室

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.191-226, 2004-05-31 (Released:2016-05-25)

著者

菊地 暁 福間 良明

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.175-183, 2004

著者

多田 光宏

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.3, pp.185-188, 2016-02

著者

三谷 はるよ

出版者

SHAKAIGAKU KENKYUKAI

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.3, pp.3-18,130, 2014

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This study investigates the relationship between religiosity and volunteering in Japan. Previous research has shown that people who belong to religious affiliations and who attend religious institutions regularly tend to volunteer. However, little is known about whether religiosity facilitates volunteering among those Japanese not involved in religious groups, and which dimensions of religiosity have apositive influence on such activity. Therefore, this paper, employing data from representative national Japanese samples, examines the influence of dimensions of religiosity on volunteering among Japanese without religious attachments. <br> The study finds that while both collective religiosity (religious affiliation and attendance) and diffused religiosity (prayer and belief in guardianship) predict volunteering among the Japanese, only diffused religiosity is related to volunteering among non-members of religious denominations. <br> The finding indicates that volunteering among the latter group is promoted by religiosity, particularly diffused religiosity. The result that private prayer and individual religious belief or experience promote volunteering is in line with recent research in Western countries. Meanwhile, a direct relationship between religious attendance and volunteering among those who are not attached to religious denominations has not been shown. This suggests that Japanese temples, shrines, and churches do not directly foster volunteering by forming networks of people, but that they indirectly promote it by enriching the piety that has been culturally diffused in the community.

著者

阪口 祐介

出版者

SHAKAIGAKU KENKYUKAI

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.3, pp.3-18,130, 2011

被引用文献数

2

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How did the unemployment risk in the labor market change after the collapse of the bubble economy, while both globalization and the economic slump progressed? In this paper we answer this question by analyzing the determinants of unemployment risk. Unemployment is defined as an employee's involuntary job-shift for reasons such as bankruptcy, business closure, and dismissal. This paper focuses on two topics: the effect of the expansion of non-standard jobs,and the change of determinants. First, we examine whether the rise of unemployment risk after the collapse of the bubble economy was influenced by the expansion of non-standard jobs. Second, we investigate the changes in the determinants of unemployment risk such as the position in the labor market, education, and occupation. Concretely, this paper verifies three hypotheses: universalization of risk, stratification of risk, and stability of the determinants. We analyze the determinants of unemployment risk by using the data of Social Stratification and Social Mobility (SSM) (2005). The results are the following. First, concerning the rise of unemployment risk after the collapse of the bubble economy, the direct effect of the period was strong, but the mediation effect of the expansion of non-standard jobs was weak. Second, though the unemployment risk increased after the collapse of the bubble economy, there was no change in the tendency that employees in small firms and in non-standard jobs are exposed to unemployment risk.

著者

阪口 祐介

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.3, pp.3-18,130, 2011-02-28 (Released:2015-05-13)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2

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How did the unemployment risk in the labor market change after the collapse of the bubble economy, while both globalization and the economic slump progressed? In this paper we answer this question by analyzing the determinants of unemployment risk. Unemployment is defined as an employee’s involuntary job-shift for reasons such as bankruptcy, business closure, and dismissal. This paper focuses on two topics: the effect of the expansion of non-standard jobs,and the change of determinants. First, we examine whether the rise of unemployment risk after the collapse of the bubble economy was influenced by the expansion of non-standard jobs. Second, we investigate the changes in the determinants of unemployment risk such as the position in the labor market, education, and occupation. Concretely, this paper verifies three hypotheses: universalization of risk, stratification of risk, and stability of the determinants. We analyze the determinants of unemployment risk by using the data of Social Stratification and Social Mobility (SSM) (2005). The results are the following. First, concerning the rise of unemployment risk after the collapse of the bubble economy, the direct effect of the period was strong, but the mediation effect of the expansion of non-standard jobs was weak. Second, though the unemployment risk increased after the collapse of the bubble economy, there was no change in the tendency that employees in small firms and in non-standard jobs are exposed to unemployment risk.

著者

三上 剛史

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.127-132, 2002

被引用文献数

1

著者

北沢 毅

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.p55-71, 1987-05

被引用文献数

1

著者

西丸 良一

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.39-55, 2014

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This study investigated the influence of the high school sector on educational achievement in Japan. A range of previous research on disparities in high schools showed that the rank of high schools (based on the scholastic achievement of pupils etc.) was born out of the democratization of high schools. However, considering that the democratization of high schools is maintained by a private high school, the high school sector may become a factor for high school ranking. The data used for analysis is the 2005 Social Stratification and Social Mobility Survey (SSM) in Japan. The results show students who go on to private high schools have lower scholastic achievement compared to students go on to public high schools. On the other hand, private high school students have higher educational achievement than public school students. Moreover, this study revealed private high school students have higher levels of social stratification than public high school students.Considering that the number of students taking the entrance examinations for private junior high schools has increased since the 1990s, private schools may have a greater effect on educational achievement not only in high schools but also in junior high schools in the future. Therefore, additional attention to the relationship between educational achievement and the private and public school sectors is necessary. E-mail: nwqpd863@yahoo.co.jp

著者

古川 直子

出版者

SHAKAIGAKU KENKYUKAI

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.19-35,181, 2009

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This article makes an effort to assess the validity and difficulty of the conceptual framework constitutive of today's gender/sexuality studies, namely the sex-gender-sexuality triad. The theoretical assumptions which underlie current research on gender/sexuality, including feminism, gay/lesbian studies, and queer theory, is characterized by a social constructionist approach. In studies regarding sexuality, beginning in the 1970s, in part because of the publication of Michael Foucault's influential work "The History of Sexuality" vol.1, social constructionists have argued that human sexuality should not be viewed as a natural fact but as something constructed in historically and culturally specific ways. This led to important theoretical developments, resulting in the analytical separation of gender and sexuality. Nevertheless, the very notion of sexuality remains ambiguous due to the obscure nature of the relationship between sex and sexuality. After reviewing the achievements and problems of current research in this field, the latter part of this article provides a brief introduction to the psychoanalytic view of sexuality, which offers a radical reconceptualization of received notions of what is sexual. Freud's psychoanalysis has been a major target of constructionist criticism, but an enlargement of the concept of sexuality in psychoanalysis can provide an alternative framework to constructionism in that it disentangles the inextricable knot between sexuality and genitality. Hitherto the fact that Freud defined the sexual without recourse to the genital, and proposed a completely new way of thinking about human sexuality, has received only scant attention. This is to say that psychoanalytic sexuality is defined in opposition to vital or organic functions such as feeding, excretion, respiration, and reproduction, and "sex" is rearticulated through this division of the sexual and non-sexual.

著者

芦川 晋 片桐 雅隆

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.105-112, 2011-10-31 (Released:2015-05-13)

参考文献数

2

著者

山中 浩司 小村 富美子

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.3, pp.176-184, 2013-02-28 (Released:2015-05-13)

著者

山本 真理子

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.3, pp.91-107, 2013-02-28 (Released:2015-05-13)

参考文献数

16

著者

伊藤 智樹

出版者

社会学研究会

雑誌

ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.3, pp.121-136,183, 2012-02-29 (Released:2015-05-13)

参考文献数

16

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In his social theory, Arthur W. Frank explained that the body is often consideredproblematic in terms of its “functionality” (or “system”). However, considering itproblematic in terms of “actions” is more in line with a phenomenological approach,rather than a functional approach. The concept of the “communicative body”, in particular, is applicable to the case ofmany sick people who wish to communicate with others face-to-face: both verbally andnon-verbally. I observed communication in a few self-help groups. However, Frank, whoonly argued that the telling of “quest stories” is an ethical practice of the “communicativebody”, did not clarify the ambivalence between various illness narratives and the body. I observed as a group individuals suffering from Parkinson’s disease who wished tobe rehabilitated, and prepared a short ethnography of their group. In the participants’communication, their language as well as their bodies constructed their illnessnarratives, which were characterized by hard-working protagonists or their handicappedbodies. However, the relationship between an illness narrative and the body is notsimple. On the one hand, their bodies sustain their illness narratives that give them hope;on the other, their condition deteriorates and they feel that they are “getting worse”. The “body” is a very important element in the study of illness narratives; it sustains orhinders the construction of the narratives. Therefore, the “communicative body” is notan “idealized” one. The concept is applicable while observing the relationship betweenvarious illness narratives and the body, and considering how the body develops and failsin its style of usage when it suffers from a debilitating illness.