著者

Masaki Hayakawa Keisuke Takano Michinori Kayashima Kei Kasahara Hidetada Fukushima Masanori Matsumoto

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.58362, (Released:2020-10-28)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

19

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Patients with severe COVID-19 often experience complications including coagulopathy and fatal thrombosis. COVID-19 pneumonia sometimes leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome, requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), during which thrombosis and bleeding are major causes of death. Anticoagulation such as heparin is essential for COVID-19 patients on ECMO; however, bleeding might be caused by not only heparin, but also acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS). To date, no study has examined ECMO-related bleeding and AVWS in COVID-19 patients.We report a COVID-19 patient who experienced bleeding from AVWS in addition to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) during ECMO. The level of high–molecular weight VWF multimers decreased during ECMO therapy, and these findings promptly improved after discontinuation of ECMO. Plasma levels of VWF antigen were extremely high, probably due to endothelial cell damage caused by COVID-19. On the other hand, plasma levels of ADAMTS13 activity were moderately reduced, to 20–30% of normal. The patient was successfully treated with cryoprecipitate in bleeding during ECMO without a reduction in heparin, which might have induced thromboembolism. Bleeding found in this patient might be caused by AVWS and DIC.Severe COVID-19 patients are in a thrombotic state and need to receive anticoagulant therapy. However, once they receive ECMO therapy, bleeding symptoms could be observed. In such cases, physicians should think of AVWS in addition to the side effect of heparin and DIC.

著者

Tetsuro Miyazaki Kazunori Shimada Yoshitaka Iwama Atsumi Kume Katsuhiko Sumiyoshi Yayoi Sato Hirotoshi Ohmura Yoshiro Watanabe Hiroshi Mokuno Hiroyuki Daida

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.6-12, 2008 (Released:2008-03-04)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

9 10

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Aim: The critical role of hyperinsulinemia, independent of hyperglycemia, in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has not been fully determined. We investigated the association between secretion patterns of insulin after oral glucose load and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).Methods: We enrolled 116 subjects with NGT from 243 patients who had undergone coronary angiography and a standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. The patients were divided into 0-vessel, single-vessel and multi-vessel disease groups on the basis of the severity of CAD.Results: The 2-h insulin levels in the multi-vessel disease group (p=0.005) and the single-vessel disease group (p<0.05) were significantly higher than those in the 0-vessel disease group. Multivariate analysis revealed that the levels of 2-h insulin were an independent variable for the presence of CAD (p=0.02) after adjustment for gender and the presence of each criterion of metabolic syndrome using the definition of the International Diabetes Federation.Conclusion: A slight but significant increase in prolonged insulin secretion, which is associated with the early stage of insulin resistance, in subjects with NGT, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

著者

Michio Shimabukuro Yoshimasa Hasegawa Moritake Higa Rie Amano Hirotsugu Yamada Shunsaku Mizushima Hiroaki Masuzaki Masataka Sata

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.8, pp.854-868, 2015-08-26 (Released:2015-08-26)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

10 8

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Aim: The prevalence of overweight and a change in atherosclerotic lipid profiles may be linked to region-specific differences in atherosclerotic diseases. We evaluated whether the lipid phenotype could be linked to region- and sex-specific differences in the degree of atherosclerosis.Methods: Non-diabetic subjects included Okinawa (n=1674) and Nagano (n=1392) residents aged 30–75 years who underwent carotid ultrasonography for the measurement of maximum intima-media thickness (max IMT).Results: Average max IMT was higher in Okinawa men and women, and the increase in max IMT with age was enhanced in men. Multiple regression analysis showed that in addition to age and systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were IMT determinants only in men for both Okinawa and Nagano. Meanwhile, HDL-cholesterol was a determinant for Okinawa men and women, but not for Nagano men and women.Conclusions: This is the first report to show region- and sex-specific differences in the determinants for max IMT in a Japanese population. The evaluation of the relationship between lipid profile patterns and region- and sex-specific differences in carotid atherosclerosis burden may be required.

著者

Shinya Goto Darren K. McGuire Shinichi Goto

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.RV17062, (Released:2021-10-02)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

8

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Advances in High-performance computing (HPC) technology have reached the capacity to inform cardiovascular (CV) science in the realm of both inductive and constructive approaches. Clinical trials allow for the comparison of the effect of an intervention without the need to understand the mechanism. This is a typical example of an inductive approach. In the HPC field, training an artificial intelligence (AI) model, constructed by neural networks, to predict future CV events with the use of large scale multi-dimensional datasets is the counterpart that may rely on as well as inform understanding of mechanistic underpinnings for optimization. However, in contrast to clinical trials, AI can calculate event risk at the individual level and has the potential to inform and refine the application of personalized medicine.Despite this clear strength, results from AI analyses may identify otherwise unidentified/unexpected (i.e. non-intuitive) relationships between multi-dimensional data and clinical outcomes that may further unravel potential mechanistic pathways and identify potential therapeutic targets, therebycontributing to the parsing of observational associations from causal links. The constructive approach will remain critical to overcome limitations of existing knowledge and anchored biases to actualize a more sophisticated understanding of the complex pathobiology of CV diseases.HPC technology has the potential to underpin this constructive approach in CV basic and clinical science. In general, even complex biological phenomena can be reduced to combinations of simple biological/chemical/physical laws. In the deductive approach, the focus/intent is to explain complex CV diseases by combinations of simple principles.

著者

Senta Gewalt Shqipdona Lahu Gjin Ndrepepa Costanza Pellegrini Isabell Bernlochner Franz-Josef Neumann Maurizio Menichelli Tanja Morath Bernhard Witzenbichler Jochen Wöhrle Katharina Hoppe Gert Richardt Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz Heribert Schunkert Adnan Kastrati Stefanie Schüpke Katharina Mayer

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.62776, (Released:2021-04-16)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

3

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Aim: Sex-specific analyses of direct head-to-head comparisons between newer P2Y12 inhibitors are limited. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor versus prasugrel in women and men with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) planned for an invasive strategy. Methods: This pre-specified analysis of the ISAR-REACT 5 trial included 956 women and 3,062 men with ACS randomly assigned to either ticagrelor or prasugrel. The primary endpoint was the 12-month incidence of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke; the safety endpoint was the 12-month incidence of bleeding (type 3–5 according to the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium [BARC]). Results: The primary endpoint occurred in 42 women (8.9%) in the ticagrelor group and 39 women (8.3%) in the prasugrel group (hazard ratio [HR]=1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71–1.70, P=0.657) and in 142 men (9.4%) in the ticagrelor group and 98 men (6.5%) in the prasugrel group (HR=1.47 [1.13–1.90], P=0.004; P for interaction [Pint]=0.275). BARC type 3–5 bleeding occurred in 36 women (9.7%) in the ticagrelor group and 34 women (9.7%) in the prasugrel group (HR=1.04 [0.65–1.67], P=0.856) and in 59 men in the ticagrelor group (4.4%) and 46 men (3.6%) in the prasugrel group (HR=1.24 [0.85–1.83], P=0.266; Pint=0.571). Conclusions: Although there was no significant interaction between sex and treatment effect of study drugs, the superior efficacy of prasugrel was more evident among men. No difference in bleeding between the two study groups was seen for both women and men.

著者

Takahiro Sawada Kenzo Uzu Naoko Hashimoto Tetsuari Onishi Tomofumi Takaya Akira Shimane Yasuyo Taniguchi Yoshinori Yasaka Takeshi Ohara Hiroya Kawai

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.50807, (Released:2019-10-18)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

28

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Aim: So far, the mechanisms behind the cardiovascular benefits of sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have not been fully clarified. Methods: In order to evaluate the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on systemic hemodynamics, glucose metabolism, lipid profile, and endothelial function, 50 diabetic patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD) were included in this analysis and were given empagliflozin 10 mg/d. Cookie meal testing (carbohydrates: 75 g, fats: 28.5 g), endothelial function testing using flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), and body composition evaluation were performed before and after six months of treatment. Changes in %FMD between the treatment periods and its association with metabolic biomarkers were evaluated. Results: After six months of treatment, the body weight and body fat percentage decreased significantly, while the body muscle percentage increased significantly. The hemoglobin A1c level and fasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels were significantly decreased with treatment. Postprandial insulin secretion was also significantly suppressed and the insulin resistance index was significantly decreased. Furthermore, the fasting and postprandial triglyceride (TG) levels decreased significantly, while total ketone bodies increased significantly after the six-month treatment. While the plasma brain natriuretic peptide level was not changed, the C-reactive protein level was decreased and FMD was significantly improved after the six-month treatment. Multiple regression analysis showed that the strongest predictive factor of FMD improvement is change in the plasma TG levels. Conclusion: SGLT2 inhibitors improve multiple metabolic parameters. Of these, a reduction in plasma TGs was strongly associated with endothelial function recovery in diabetic patients with CAD, and this reduction may be related to the cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors.

著者

Hiroshi Mabuchi

出版者

一般社団法人 日本動脈硬化学会

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.RV16008, (Released:2017-02-08)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

79

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Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a disease characterized by a triad: elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, tendon xanthomas, and premature coronary heart disease. Thus, it can be considered as a model disease for hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). For the diagnosis of hetero-FH, the detection of Achilles tendon xanthomas by palpation or on X-ray is an indispensable diagnostic skill in clinical lipidology. To prevent the under-diagnosis and under-treatment of FH, the diagnostic criteria should be more convenient and user-friendly. For a patient with cutaneous or tendon xanthomas, the probability of FH is very high; however, an absence of xanthoma does not rule out FH.Brown and Goldstein elucidated the pathogenesis of FH by their work on LDL-receptor (LDL-R), for which they were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1985. In the 1950s, FH patients were divided into heterozygous (hetero-) and homozygous (homo-) FH, and diagnosing homo- and hetero-FH based on the phenotypic features of ASCVD or xanthomas frequently became difficult without the DNA analysis of FH genes. It is estimated that heterozygous mutations in the LDL-R or the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) gene will be found at a combined frequency of 0.005, which corresponds to 1/199 people in the general population in Japan.Statins and anti-PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies are highly specific and efficient drugs for treating hetero- or homo-FH patients. Most clinical studies have reported an amelioration of ASCVD using long-term statin therapy. Clinical results using anti-PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies will emerge in a few years. In homo-FH patients, mipomersen and lomitapide are expected to yield good results. It is important to sequentially unravel the unrecognized pathogenetic mechanisms of FH to reduce its under-recognition and develop new management strategies for it.

著者

Raul D. Santos Thiago S. Frauches Ana P.M. Chacra

出版者

一般社団法人 日本動脈硬化学会

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.31237, (Released:2015-07-21)

参考文献数

103

被引用文献数

3 16

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Familial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic disorder associated with elevated LDL-cholesterol and high lifetime cardiovascular risk. Both clinical and molecular cascade screening programs have been implemented to increase early definition and treatment. In this systematic review, we discuss the main issues found in 65 different articles related to cascade screening and familial hypercholesterolemia, covering a range of topics including different types/strategies, considerations both positive and negative regarding cascade screening in general and associated with the different strategies, cost and coverage consideration, direct and indirect contact with patients, public policy around life insurance and doctor–patient confidentiality, the “right to know,” and public health concerns regarding familial hypercholesterolemia.

著者

Daisaku Masuda Shizuya Yamashita

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.95-109, 2017-02-01 (Released:2017-02-01)

参考文献数

133

被引用文献数

32 108

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Fasting hypertriglyceridemia is positively associated with the morbidity of coronary heart disease (CHD), and postprandial (non-fasting) hypertriglyceridemia is also correlated with the risk status for CHD, which is related to the increase in chylomicron (CM) remnant lipoproteins produced from the intestine. CM remnant particles, as well as oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) or very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) remnants, are highly atherogenic and act by enhancing systemic inflammation, platelet activation, coagulation, thrombus formation, and macrophage foam cell formation. The cholesterol levels of remnant lipoproteins significantly correlate with small, dense LDL; impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and CHD prevalence. We have developed an assay of apolipoprotein (apo)B-48 levels to evaluate the accumulation of CM remnants. Fasting apoB-48 levels correlate with the morbidity of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, type III hyperlipoproteinemia, the metabolic syndrome, hypothyroidism, chronic kidney disease, and IGT. Fasting apoB-48 levels also correlate with carotid intima-media thickening and CHD prevalence, and a high apoB-48 level is a significant predictor of CHD risk, independent of the fasting TG level. Diet interventions, such as dietary fibers, polyphenols, medium-chain fatty acids, diacylglycerol, and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), ameliorate postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, moreover, drugs for dyslipidemia (n-3 PUFA, statins, fibrates or ezetimibe) and diabetes concerning incretins (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitor or glucagon like peptide-1 analogue) may improve postprandial hypertriglyceridemia. Since the accumulation of CM remnants correlates to impaired lipid and glucose metabolism and atherosclerotic cardiovascular events, further studies are required to investigate the characteristics, physiological activities, and functions of CM remnants for the development of new interventions to reduce atherogenicity.

著者

Eri Toda Kato Shinya Goto

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.RV17049, (Released:2021-04-13)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

1

---

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the world, warranting continuous research in this field. The elucidation of the atherogenesis mechanism is considered one of the most relevant scientific accomplishments of the last century. This has led to the clinical development of various novel therapeutic interventions for patients with or at risk of ASCVD, in which randomized clinical trials played a crucial role.The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Study Group was initially established to conduct a clinical trial studying thrombolysis for treatment of myocardial infarction. However, over the years, the TIMI Study Group has expanded their research interests to include antithrombotic therapy, lipid lowering, anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, and even heart failure. By leading large-scale, international, randomized, controlled trials of novel therapeutics, the TIMI Study Group has helped shape the very practice of cardiovascular medicine for over a quarter of a century, and decades of research continue to provide future promise for further advancement. Through a mutual goal to improve the care of ASCVD patients, the Japanese scientific community has become one of the important contributors to the TIMI Study Group's clinical research.In this review article, the authors aim to summarize major research lead by the TIMI Study Group in the ASCVD field.

著者

Daisuke Kanda Masaaki Miyata Yoshiyuki Ikeda Akihiro Tokushige Takeshi Sonoda Ryo Arikawa Kazuhiro Anzaki Ippei Kosedo Satoshi Yoshino Takuro Takumi Mitsuru Ohish

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.62908, (Released:2021-05-25)

参考文献数

46

---

Aim: In this study, we aim to examine the clinical meaning of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) <70 mg/dL as assessed by Friedewald equation [LDL-C (F)] and Martin method [LDL-C (M)] and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) <100 mg/dL on the occurrence of new lesions among Japanese patients with stable angina who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and were prescribed with strong statins. Methods: Among the 537 consecutive stable angina patients who had underwent PCI and had been prescribed with strong statins, the association between the occurrence of new lesions with myocardial ischemia at the 9-month follow-up coronary angiography and ≤ 2 years after PCI and baseline characteristics were assessed. Results: New lesions appeared 9 months and ≤ 2 years after PCI in 31 and 90 patients, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed diabetes mellitus (DM) was significantly associated with the occurrence of new lesions ≤ 2 years after PCI [odds ratio (OR) 1.71, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.06–2.83, p=0.031], and only non-HDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dL was associated with the occurrence of new lesions both at 9 months and ≤ 2 years after PCI [OR 1.80, 95 % CI 1.10–3.00, p=0.021 and OR 1.85, 95 % CI 1.13–3.07, p=0.016]. Conclusions: Non-HDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dL was determined to be the independent risk factor for the occurrence of new lesions 9 months and ≤ 2 years after PCI among stable angina patients with strong statins. Residual risk after PCI should be considered by assessing not only DM but also non-HDL-C beyond the scope of LDL-C-lowering therapy with strong statins.

著者

Shen Gao Dong Zhao Yue Qi Wei Wang Miao Wang Jiayi Sun Jun Liu Yan Li Jing Liu

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.43299, (Released:2018-03-07)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

18

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Aims: To investigate the association between circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) levels and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis and to examine whether this link is independent of other low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-related parameters.Methods: Totally, 804 subjects who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline completed risk factor surveys and carotid ultrasound measurements in 2002 and 2012. Modified Poisson regression was performed to examine the association between baseline serum ox-LDL levels and the 10-year risk of progression of carotid atherosclerosis which was defined as the development of at least one new plaque in a previously plaque-free carotid segment at re-examination.Results: The mean age of the subjects was 58.6±7.7 years at baseline and 43.3% were men. A total of 504 (62.7%) subjects had carotid plaque progression at re-examination. Subjects in the intermediate and highest tertiles of ox-LDL had a significantly higher adjusted risk of atherosclerosis progression than those in the lowest tertile [relative risk (95% confidence interval) 1.17 (1.01–1.34) for the intermediate tertile and 1.23 (1.07–1.42) for the highest tertile]. This association was independent of baseline levels of LDL-C, total LDL particle number, and small LDL particle number.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that serum ox-LDL levels predict 10-year progression of subclinical atherosclerosis. Moreover, this effect is independent of the cholesterol content, the number, and the size of LDL particles.

著者

Mariko Harada-Shiba Hidenori Arai Yasushi Ishigaki Shun Ishibashi Tomonori Okamura Masatsune Ogura Kazushige Dobashi Atsushi Nohara Hideaki Bujo Katsumi Miyauchi Shizuya Yamashita Koutaro Yokote Working Group by Japan Atherosclerosis Society for Making Guidance of Familial Hypercholesterolemia

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CR003, (Released:2018-06-07)

参考文献数

74

被引用文献数

167

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Statement1. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal hereditary disease with the 3 major clinical features of hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia, premature coronary artery disease and tendon and skin xanthomas. As there is a considerably high risk of coronary artery disease, in addition to early diagnosis and intensive treatment, family screening (cascade screening) is required (Recommendation level A)2.For a diagnosis of FH, at least 2 of the following criteria should be satisfied:① LDL-C ≥180 mg/dL, ② Tendon/skin xanthomas, ③ History of FH or premature coronary artery disease (CAD) within 2nd degree blood relatives (Recommendation level A)3. Intensive lipid-lowering therapy is necessary for the treatment of FH. First-line drug should be statin. (Recommendation level A, evidence level 3)4.Screening for coronary artery disease as well as asymptomatic atherosclerosis should be conducted periodically in FH patients. (Recommendation level A)5. For homozygous FH, consider LDL apheresis and treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors or MTP inhibitors. (Recommendation level A)6.For severe forms of heterozygous FH who have resistant to drug therapy, consider PCSK9 inhibitors and LDL apheresis. (Recommendation level A)7.Refer FH homozygotes as well as heterozygotes who are resistant to drug therapy, who are children or are pregnant or have the desire to bear children to a specialist. (Recommendation level A)

著者

Hideo Ohira Wao Tsutsui Yoshio Fujioka

出版者

一般社団法人 日本動脈硬化学会

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.RV17006, (Released:2017-05-27)

参考文献数

108

被引用文献数

344

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Intestinal flora (microbiota) have recently attracted attention among lipid and carbohydrate metabolism researchers. Microbiota metabolize resistant starches and dietary fibers through fermentation and decomposition, and provide short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to the host. The major SCFAs acetates, propionate and butyrate, have different production ratios and physiological activities. Several receptors for SCFAs have been identified as the G-protein coupled receptor 41/free fatty acid receptor 3 (GPR41/FFAR3), GPR43/FFAR2, GPR109A, and olfactory receptor 78, which are present in intestinal epithelial cells, immune cells, and adipocytes, despite their expression levels differing between tissues and cell types. Many studies have indicated that SCFAs exhibit a wide range of functions from immune regulation to metabolism in a variety of tissues and organs, and therefore have both a direct and indirect influence on our bodies. This review will focus on SCFAs, especially butyrate, and their effects on various inflammatory mechanisms including atherosclerosis. In the future, SCFAs may provide new insights into understanding the pathophysiology of chronic inflammation, metabolic disorders, and atherosclerosis, and we can expect the development of novel therapeutic strategies for these diseases.

著者

Masashi Tanaka Shinya Masuda Yoshiyuki Matsuo Yousuke Sasaki Hajime Yamakage Kazuya Muranaka Hiromichi Wada Koji Hasegawa Tetsuya Tsukahara Akira Shimatsu Noriko Satoh-Asahara

出版者

一般社団法人 日本動脈硬化学会

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.32680, (Released:2016-03-18)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1 14

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Aim: This study aims to determine the association between glucose metabolism and proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory properties of circulating monocytes or those of carotid plaques in patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy.Methods: Clinical characteristics and expression levels of proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory markers in circulating monocytes/carotid plaques were examined in 12 patients with diabetes and 12patients without diabetes.Results: Circulating monocytes from patients with diabetes revealed higher tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and lower interleukin (IL)-10 expression levels compared with those from patients without diabetes, which was also observed in carotid plaques from patients with diabetes. Hyperglycemia revealed positive and negative correlations with the ratios of IL-6+ and IL-10+ cells in carotid plaques, respectively. Moreover, we determined a positive correlation between circulating monocytes and carotid plaques with respect to TNF-α and IL-6 expressions.Conclusions: The inflammatory property of circulating monocytes was associated with that of carotid plaques. Hyperglycemia increased inflammatory properties and decreased anti-inflammatory properties of carotid plaques.

著者

Yukinori Tamura

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.11, pp.1109-1122, 2021-11-01 (Released:2021-11-01)

参考文献数

112

被引用文献数

1 33

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Zinc is an essential micronutrient for human health and is involved in various biological functions, such as growth, metabolism, and immune function. In recent years, research on intracellular zinc dynamics has progressed, and it has become clear that zinc transporters strictly control intracellular zinc localization, zinc regulates the functions of various proteins and signal transduction pathways as a second messenger similar to calcium ions, and intracellular zinc dyshomeostasis is associated with impaired insulin synthesis, secretion, sensitivity, lipid metabolism, and vascular function. Numerous animal and human studies have shown that zinc deficiency may be associated with the risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and zinc administration might be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of these diseases. Therefore, an understanding of zinc biology may help the establishment of novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and CVDs. This review will summarize the current knowledge on the role of zinc homeostasis in the pathogenesis of diabetes and atherosclerosis and will discuss the potential of zinc in the prevention of these diseases.

著者

Eri Toda Kato Shinya Goto

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.6, pp.563-572, 2021-06-01 (Released:2021-06-01)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

1

---

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the world, warranting continuous research in this field. The elucidation of the atherogenesis mechanism is considered one of the most relevant scientific accomplishments of the last century. This has led to the clinical development of various novel therapeutic interventions for patients with or at risk of ASCVD, in which randomized clinical trials played a crucial role.The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Study Group was initially established to conduct a clinical trial studying thrombolysis for treatment of myocardial infarction. However, over the years, the TIMI Study Group has expanded their research interests to include antithrombotic therapy, lipid lowering, anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, and even heart failure. By leading large-scale, international, randomized, controlled trials of novel therapeutics, the TIMI Study Group has helped shape the very practice of cardiovascular medicine for over a quarter of a century, and decades of research continue to provide future promise for further advancement. Through a mutual goal to improve the care of ASCVD patients, the Japanese scientific community has become one of the important contributors to the TIMI Study Group’s clinical research.In this review article, the authors aim to summarize major research lead by the TIMI Study Group in the ASCVD field.

著者

Hiroto Yabushita Shinichi Goto Sunao Nakamura Hideki Oka Masamitsu Nakayama Shinya Goto

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.59675, (Released:2020-10-02)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

5

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Aim: The clinically meaningful coronary stenosis is diagnosed by trained interventional cardiologists. Whether artificial intelligence (AI) could detect coronary stenosis from CAG video is unclear. Methods: The 199 consecutive patients who underwent coronary arteriography (CAG) with chest pain between December 2018 and May 2019 was enrolled. Each patient underwent CAG with multiple view resulting in total numbers of 1,838 videos. A multi-layer 3-dimensional convolution neural network (CNN) was trained as an AI to detect clinically meaningful coronary artery stenosis diagnosed by the expert interventional cardiologist, using data from 146 patients (resulted in 1,359 videos) randomly selected from the entire dataset (training dataset). This training dataset was further split into 109 patients (989 videos) for derivation and 37 patients (370 videos) for validation. The AI developed in derivation cohort was tuned in validation cohort to make final model. Results: The final model was selected as the model with best performance in validation dataset. Then, the predictive accuracy of final model was tested with the remaining 53 patients (479 videos) in test dataset. Our AI model showed a c-statistic of 0.61 in validation dataset and 0.61 in test dataset, respectively. Conclusion: An artificial intelligence applied to CAG videos could detect clinically meaningful coronary atherosclerotic stenosis diagnosed by expert cardiologists with modest predictive value. Further studies with improved AI at larger sample size is necessary.

著者

Maria Teresa B Abola Jonathan Golledge Tetsuro Miyata Seung-Woon Rha Bryan P Yan Timothy C Dy Marie Simonette V Ganzon Pankaj Kumar Handa Salim Harris Jiang Zhisheng Ramakrishna Pinjala Peter Ashley Robless Hiroyoshi Yokoi Elaine B Alajar April Ann Bermudez-delos Santos Elmer Jasper B Llanes Gay Marjorie Obrado-Nabablit Noemi S Pestaño Felix Eduardo Punzalan Bernadette Tumanan-Mendoza

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.53660, (Released:2020-07-04)

被引用文献数

49

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Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is the most underdiagnosed, underestimated and undertreated of the atherosclerotic vascular diseases despite its poor prognosis. There may be racial or contextual differences in the Asia-Pacific region as to epidemiology, availability of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, and even patient treatment response. The Asian Pacific Society of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Diseases (APSAVD) thus coordinated the development of an Asia-Pacific Consensus Statement (APCS) on the Management of PAD. Objectives: The APSAVD aimed to accomplish the following: 1) determine the applicability of the 2016 AHA/ACC guidelines on the Management of Patients with Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease to the Asia-Pacific region; 2) review Asia-Pacific literature; and 3) increase the awareness of PAD. Methodology: A Steering Committee was organized to oversee development of the APCS, appoint a Technical Working Group (TWG) and Consensus Panel (CP). The TWG appraised the relevance of the 2016 AHA/ACC PAD Guideline and proposed recommendations which were reviewed by the CP using a modified Delphi technique. Results: A total of 91 recommendations were generated covering history and physical examination, diagnosis, and treatment of PAD—3 new recommendations, 31 adaptations and 57 adopted statements. This Asia-Pacific Consensus Statement on the Management of PAD constitutes the first for the Asia-Pacific Region. It is intended for use by health practitioners involved in preventing, diagnosing and treating patients with PAD and ultimately the patients and their families themselves.

著者

Koichiro Fujisue Kenshi Yamanaga Suguru Nagamatsu Hideki Shimomura Takuro Yamashita Koichi Nakao Sunao Nakamura Masaharu Ishihara Kunihiko Matsui Naritsugu Sakaino Takashi Miyazaki Nobuyasu Yamamoto Shunichi Koide Toshiyuki Matsumura Kazuteru Fujimoto Ryusuke Tsunoda Yasuhiro Morikami Koushi Matsuyama Shuichi Oshima Kenji Sakamoto Yasuhiro Izumiya Koichi Kaikita Seiji Hokimoto Hisao Ogawa Kenichi Tsujita

出版者

Japan Atherosclerosis Society

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.54726, (Released:2020-05-20)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

6

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Aim: Coronary plaque regression is weak in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). We evaluated whether dual lipid-lowering therapy (DLLT) with ezetimibe and atorvastatin attenuates coronary plaques in ACS patients with DM. Methods: The prospective, randomized controlled, multicenter PRECISE-IVUS (Plaque Regression with Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor or Synthesis Inhibitor Evaluated by Intravascular Ultrasound) trial assigned 246 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention to DLLT or atorvastatin monotherapy and evaluated IVUS-derived changes in percent atheroma volume (ΔPAV), at baseline and 9-12-month follow-up, in 126 ACS cases, including 25 DM patients. The atorvastatin dose was up-titrated to achieve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) <70 mg/dL. Results: In DM patients, the monotherapy group (n=13) and the DLLT group (n=12) showed a similar prevalence of coronary risks and baseline lipid profiles. During the study, the change in LDL-C level was similar between DM and non-DM patients. Compared with non-DM patients, DM patients showed weaker regression of ΔPAV by DLLT than those who underwent monotherapy (DM: −2.77±3.47% vs. −0.77±2.51%, P=0.11; non-DM: −2.01±3.36% vs. −0.08±2.66%, P=0.008). The change in LDL-C level was not correlated with ΔPAV in non-DM patients, but there was significant correlation between the change in LDL-C level and ΔPAV in DM patients (r=0.52, P=0.008). Conclusions: ACS patients with DM showed weaker coronary plaque regression than their counterparts. A significant correlation between the change in LDL-C level and ΔPAV in DM patients suggested that more intensive lipid-lowering therapy is required in ACS patients with DM.