著者

黒田 勇

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, pp.275-276, 2010

著者

今西 光男

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, pp.85-104, 2010

著者

阿部 潔 成実 弘至 岩渕 功一 林 香里 辻 大介 毛利 嘉孝

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, pp.236-238, 2007

著者

井川 充雄

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, pp.53-64, 2014-01-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

25

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During the 1950s and 1960s, major Japanese newspapers mostly took positions in favor of the peaceful use of nuclear power without raising any questions about such use. Therefore, issues regarding the peaceful use of nuclear power were rarely mentioned in public opinion polls. In the meantime, however, the United States Information Agency (USIA) was conducting public opinion polls in Japan at the time. These public opinion polls reveal that compared to Europeans, a higher percentage of Japanese people tended to regard nuclear power as something that brings "curse" rather than "boon" to humanity. Even in those days, the Japanese were reluctant to adopt a clear-cut attitude that favored the peaceful use of nuclear power over its use for military purposes. What is also important is the fact that even during the 1970s and beyond, when non-academic researchers belonging to electric power companies and affiliated think tanks began to study topics related to nuclear power and public opinion or mass media, such topics were rarely discussed in academia and a few academic studies conducted on such topics had almost nothing in common with non-academic studies. In the future, it will be necessary to enhance research in these fields instead of making it an ephemeral phenomenon after the Great East Japan Earthquake.

著者

北村 肇 潮見 憲三郎 浅野 健一 鶴木 眞

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, 1997

著者

篠原 俊行 石川 明

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, pp.230-231, 1993

著者

成田 康昭

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, pp.81-89, 2011-01-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

9

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In this article, I examined the aspect of "the reality", that the media creates, has incorporated into the culture. The issue of "the reality of the media" in the mass media situation was almost considered to be a "genre" problem until now. The mass media prescribed a reality principle by every promise of the genre form. In the new media communication that the Internet created, "the reality of the media" has become a new issue recently. There are two types of "reality", the reality in daily face-to-face communication and the reality of the media. Is it both existing "reality" of a same type or a different type? In other words, is it "reality" to unfold on a totally different principle? According to the multiple reality theory in the phenomenological sociology of Schutz, "I" am conscious of the world as a thing consisting of multiple realities. He calls "reality" of the special privilege "daily reality" or "paramount reality", in the world of inter-subjectivity, shared with another person within that world. Schutz pays attention to the point that there are the reference relations of two kinds in "appresentation" of Husserl. Symbolic appresentation transcends the world of the daily life and gives there expression, and the appresentation except it. Because the symbolic appresentation transcends a finite province of meaning called the everyday life, the side appresenting belongs to everyday life, but the appresented member has its reality in another finite province of meaning or in James's terminology, "subunivers". "Reality of the media" is the reality that the media appresent. Limitation of the power about the reality construction of "paramount reality" does not extend to the world that the media does appresent. Media space is the world of "the reality" in the open type for the horizon which is a same word of "symbolic" by Schutz. In the new situation of media communication represented by the Internet, it is necessary to update a definition of "reality" in the media culture with a concept of "reality of the media".

著者

小川 博司 粟谷 佳司 成田 康昭 加藤 晴明

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, pp.159-160, 2000

著者

安野 智子

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, pp.44-61,203, 2002-01-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

被引用文献数

1

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The spiral of silence theory is known as one of the most influential public opinion theories but it has not been verified well. Though a meta-analysis reported the small but significant relationship between subjective pervasiveness of respondents' opinion and the willingness to express their opinions (Glynn et al., 1997), findings are inconsistent. One of the main reasons of inconsistency is, as many researchers have pointed out, the difficulty in manipulation of theoretical assumptions. Reexamining main assumptions of the theory and findings of the spiral of silence studies, the author suggests that further investigation of the hardcore is required from the point of view of social networks.

著者

原田 正純 高峰 武 村上 雅道 小林 直毅 大野 哲夫 山本 武利 大石 裕

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, pp.1-52, 2007

著者

松下 峻也

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, pp.145-163, 2018

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<p> In March 1954, when the United States tested a hydrogen bomb over the</p><p>Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands, the Daigo Fukuryu Maru, a Japanese fishing</p><p>boat, was exposed to the radiation. The crews of the boat suffered from</p><p>'acute illness', such as burns or loss of hair, within a short period of time, and</p><p>one of them died from leukaemia in September same year. This tragedy was</p><p>widely reported by the radio, the newspapers, the newsreels and the photo </p><p>journalism magazines, and ever since has been known as 'the Daigo Fukuryu</p><p>Maru Incident' in Japanese society. Yet, other Japanese fishing boats, the residents</p><p>of the Marshall Islands and the US soldiers who participated in the 1953</p><p>tests were also exposed to 'nuclear fallout' at that time. In such cases, the physical</p><p>effect of the radiation started to emerge much later, in the form of diseases</p><p>such as cancer. These effects, unlike the 'acute illness' of the Daigo Fukuryu</p><p>Maru crews, had been overlooked for decades by most of the media, with the</p><p>exception of very few TV programmes which documented their suffering. However,</p><p>these cases came to receive public interest after the Fukushima Daiichi</p><p>Nuclear Power Station Accident in 2011 and the following radioactive contamination</p><p>of large areas. It is in this context that the handful of past TV programmes</p><p>on the subject became important; in hindsight, by confronting the</p><p>'delayed effect', they were already describing the wider context of the radiation</p><p>exposure of the 'the Incident'. In that sense, these TV programmes, stored</p><p>and now open to the public as part of the archive of television; are important</p><p>resources not only for the re-examination of the incident; they also provide</p><p>significant implications for post-2011 Japanese society.</p>

著者

太田 美奈子

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, pp.165-182, 2018

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<p>This paper examines the reception of early television in rural Japan through</p><p>Sai village in the Aomori prefecture. While the first television station in Aomori</p><p>was founded in 1959, most Aomori residents had previously accessed the television</p><p>signal from NHK Hakodate( Hokkaido), established in 1957. The small fishing</p><p>village, Sai village, had the highest television penetration rate in Aomori at</p><p>that time and was known as a 'TV village'. Why did the people of Sai village</p><p>want television? What effect did this desire have? This paper aims to answer</p><p>these questions by tracing the evolution from the first arrival of television in</p><p>Sai village in 1957 to the wide spread availability of television in Aomori in</p><p>1959.</p><p> Interviews and archival documents show that educational motivations, and</p><p>specifically the desire to show the outside world to the children, were funda</p><p>mental to their choices. Through television education in school, the children's</p><p>education flourished and developed into television reception that went beyond</p><p>educational purposes. Matsunoyama village in Niigata prefecture also had a</p><p>similar television reception as Sai village. Sai village represents a key point of</p><p>reference for television reception in rural Japan in that its remoteness preserved</p><p>television's function as an educational visual aid. This paper goes beyond</p><p>the urban-centred narratives about early television reception by accounting for</p><p>the fact that villagers saw a potential for television beyond leisure in education,</p><p>and by exploring how the affirmation of television as leisure also opened up</p><p>children to outside worlds.</p><p> The children's reactions were in line with a McLuhan-esque view of television</p><p>and what happened in Sai village points to the key potentials of television.</p><p>This paper shows how rural areas had a rich television reception during the</p><p>early days of television. In addition, this paper represents the first steps</p><p>towards understanding an era in which television reception forms were still</p><p>mixed.</p>

著者

坂田 文彦

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, pp.41-46, 2018-01-31 (Released:2018-05-10)

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The comics market (fanzine exhibition and sale) known as ‘Gataket’ thatstarted in Niigata in 1983 can be described as a typical local business. Since1983, various local manga and anime businesses developed, such as the ‘NiigataManga Competition’, which is an innovative local government-led business, andthe founding of the ‘JAM Nihon Anime Manga Training School’. Gataket hasdeepened its ties with such businesses every time. In 2011, ‘Gatafest’, a mangaand anime festival held by the Niigata-shi, JAM and ‘Gataket’ was establishedand in 2013, the ‘Niigata Anime Manga Museum’ and ‘The Niigata City MangaHouse’ were established. These undergird the changeover of Niigata’s mangaand anime business, and highlight how the cooperation among the industry, academia,and the government has become the foothold for business expansion.This is the fruit of collaboration and wide connection within the anime andmanga industry, which has been fostered through the accumulation of knowledgeand skill seen in Gatakketto’s 34 years of history and cooperation amonglocal businesses. Therefore, for a business featuring local content originatingfrom regional areas, a steady and persistent effort like that of Gataket can playa significant role.

著者

浅岡 隆裕

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, pp.23-41, 2010-01-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

23

著者

大井 眞二

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

no.82, pp.35-66, 2013-01-31

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The Great East Japan Earthquake is the largest crisis Japan has faced since the end of World War II in 1945. In a world that has become more interconnected and interdependent, communication is increasingly dictated by the media, and disasters have become more common and oftentimes more catastrophic. The effects of disasters also exceed national boundaries through mediation and mediatization; the emotional and humanitarian impact of disasters as well as political responses to them also resonate around the globe. In addition to disasters, the mediation and mediatization of risks and crises have also occurred through the local and global flow of information in an increasingly global age. Risks and crises are also influenced by repeated news coverage and a flourishing social media. How are risks, crises, and disasters constituted in today's complex media environment and how do they become culturally meaningful and politically important? Not only are these valuable questions for journalistic practices, they also require an increased awareness and thoughtful consideration and should be addressed in journalism studies. This paper discusses these fundamental questions for journalistic practices and journalism studies which need to be answered in both a national and global context following the Great East Japan Earthquake.

著者

李 虎栄 金 京煥

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, pp.90-107, 2006-07-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

7

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Free newspapers are remarkable not only for the new business models they represent but also for their readership. They started as free commuter tabloids when existing newspapers were still pay-basis or when the paid newspapers were closed down. In Korea, it was in 2002 when free newspapers began to be distributed through transportations. In 2005, there were 9 free newspapers in Korea with the total circulation at 2.7 million. Most Korean free newspapers are published as tabloids or magazines. Seoul Metro and AM7 are smaller in volume with only 32 to 40 pages, while Daily Focus has up to 56 pages. Many readers of free newspapers are so-called 'new readers', who are young and did not read any newspapers in the past. Free newspapers highly depend on advertising revenues. In Korea's newspaper market, as for advertising, free newspapers at first had low intake levels. However, they have grown both in terms of volumes and shares of revenue. Free newspapers may hurt sales of traditional newspapers, weakening their existing standing in the market.

著者

戸江 哲理

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, pp.139-156, 2007-01-30 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

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How can the advice-giving be accomplished in the media? Answering this question, I apply conversation analysis, and, especially, membership categorization analysis to the advice-giving interaction in the popular television talk show. My points are threefold. (1) The trouble-tellers categorize themselves to make their troubles accountable for the guests. (2) The guests use categories as rhetorical resources in giving advices. (3) Sometimes a category-oriented advice is rejected by a trouble-teller who locates her trouble in the level deeper than the categorical one. We can observe that the accomplishment of interaction in categorical level may mask further details of the very trouble.

著者

李 津娥

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, pp.25-41, 2014-07-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

41

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Political advertising plays a significant role in conveying campaign information and constructing images of parties and candidates more directly than the news, the contents of which they have little or no control over. Political parties have prioritized traditional political communication, such as personal contact campaigning and wayside speeches. However, parties have come to rely more on political advertising as a result of the termination of the long-standing dominance of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) in the early 1990s. This paper outlines the historical development of political advertising from the emergence of political parties and their campaigning in the 1880s to the online campaigning during the 2013 House of Councilors election, focusing both on the change in the media environment and in election law. The current research also compares the contents and appeal of LDP and non-LDP political advertising in terms of issue presentation and image construction by analyzing political ads in newspapers and on television from 1960 to 2012. Overall, parties have placed emphasis on images over issues in their ads, and election campaigns have been dominated by governing parties. This tendency did not change at all in the online campaigns of the 2013 House of Councilors election. This paper also investigates issues in relation to online political campaigning, including concerns over targeted and tailored online political advertising and selective searches for information by voters that confirm their pre-existing political views, which in turn might decrease political tolerance.

著者

鍵本 優

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, pp.57-72, 2006

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The audience has been caught from the passive / active audience to the diffused state of audience image by the socio-cultural positions. However, the present approach is only to discuss the semantic interpretations of the contents of media. In this paper, the audience experience about "passivity of shock" is mentioned. It is connected with the view of "body as a field." And by reconsidering the perspective that grasps audience / image, it is argued critically that the conventional "passivity" cannot deal with the problem of "passivity of shock." Furthermore, this paper proposes the direction in which "passivity" concept is reconsidered.

著者

鍵本 優

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, pp.105-123, 2018

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<p> Digital games occupy a big position in today's media culture. The early</p><p>Japanese culture of home digital games partly developed with content intended</p><p>to scare the player. The frightening experiences that are involved in playing</p><p>such games have been often talked about by the players, even if the games were</p><p>not necessarily of the horror genre. However, conventional Japanese digital</p><p>game studies cannot explain these social facts of the frightening experiences</p><p>sufficiently.</p><p> The purpose of this paper is to deal with the theoretical problem mentioned</p><p>above. By considering the frightening experiences in Japanese games</p><p>concretely, this paper submits a novel and effective theoretical and cultural</p><p>interpretation of the experience in digital games as media. It is a 'fear not to</p><p>fade away' arising from gaming practices that this paper notices in particular.</p><p> This paper is written with the following method and procedure. Firstly,</p><p>this paper checks the framework of the conventional theory of experiences in</p><p>digital games( Section 1). Secondly, the problem of this framework is examined</p><p>in detail by way of discussing the frightening experiences( Section 2). Then, in</p><p>order to manage this problem, this paper considers the concrete cases of playing</p><p>AVGs(Adventure Games) and RPGs(Role Playing Games) in the Japanese</p><p>game culture (Section 3). Finally, conclusions are derived from the previous</p><p>discussion and considerations( Section 4).</p><p> The conclusions of this paper are as follows. Firstly, the media theory of</p><p>experiences in digital games should pay attention to the player's mental, bodily</p><p>and sensorial self-transfer to the media. Secondly, in Japanese society around</p><p>1990, the cultural development of digital games with many narrative elements</p><p>(in particular in AVGs and RPGs) necessarily produced the possibilities of</p><p>"being shocked" experience.</p>