著者

吉田 佳代

出版者

熊本大学

雑誌

熊本大学社会文化研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.211-227, 2014-03-25

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The origin of midwives dates back to women who helped with childbirth. These women, who had acquired experience and trust in childbirth, gradually evolved into midwives as professionals. Some physicians in the Edo period provided education for women involved in midwifery, and this was the start of midwives as specialists. Following the Meiji Restoration, physicians who had returned from Germany trained midwives. During the Meiji period, there was progress in the establishment of laws and regulations on midwifery. At that time, the laws did not clearly define the work procedures that midwives should conduct, and they demanded legislation based on the bill proposed by them, although it was not legislated. Following World War II, the provisions on the expertise of midwives were included in the Act on Public Health Nurses, Midwives, and Nurses. The Japanese Nursing Association did not understand the expertise of midwives, and attempted to incorporate it into that of nurses several times. However, midwives established their own organization and developed behavioral standards to promote respect for their specialty.

著者

大島 操

出版者

熊本大学

雑誌

熊本大学社会文化研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.111-127, 2014-03-25

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In our aging society, it is important to think over the relationship between elderly people and their families. Elderly people often say, "I don't want to cause my family 'meiwaku'." In this paper, I will discuss what they mean by the expression of "meiwaku" as well as the definition of the term, "meiwaku". According to a current Japanese dictionary, "meiwaku" means an annoying situation that is caused by others' behavior or problems. Although much researchhas been done on social "meiwaku" or "meiwaku"(NIMBY) facilities, "meiwaku" in those cases is considered as repellence, precaution or eviction request. "Interdependence" will become more and more important as our society with fewer children is aging more and more quickly every year. We need to try to find solutions in which nobody feels that she/he is causing others "meiwaku" or that she/he is "meiwaku" for others.

著者

渡邉 弘 惠 明子 安村 明

出版者

熊本大学大学院社会文化科学教育部

雑誌

熊本大学社会文化研究 (ISSN:1348530X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.185-194, 2021-03-24

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Subjective well-being is considered an important factor for older people to lead healthy and independent lives. Indeed, subjective well-being can be maintained even if physical function deteriorates owing to aging, a phenomenon that is called the aging paradox. However, the relation between cognitive function and subjective well-being has not been fully clarified. Therefore, we investigated this relation in 23 older people. Our results showed that subjective well-being increased with age. We conducted a partial correlation analysis using age as a control variable and found a negative correlation between subjective well-being and auditory verbal memory, and a positive correlation between subjective well-being and attention variability. The findings clarified that subjective well-being was maintained even if cognitive function declined. Thus, the aging paradox may also occur in the cognitive function of older people.

著者

秋吉 貴雄

出版者

熊本大学

雑誌

熊本大学社会文化研究 (ISSN:1348530X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.1-16, 2012-03-26

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This study reconsidered the notion of policy learning in order to rebuild the analytical framework. Since 70's intensive policy studies have been implemented in U.S., and the notice on "policy learning" has been increased. Several types of learning have been presented, which were "political learning", "social learning", "policy oriented learning", "lesson-drawing" and "government learning". But, as some criticized the concept of policy learning were ambiguity, the notice on this notion has been decreased since 90's. Reviewing recent studies on policy process, we found several implications for the notion of policy learning in the four components, which were 1) the subject of learning, 2) the object of learning, 3) the process of learning, 4) the channel for policy.

著者

秋吉 貴雄

雑誌

熊本大学社会文化研究 (ISSN:1348530X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.17-30, 2003-03-31

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In the Japanese technology policymaking process, closed policy community is build by technocratic bureaucrats, particular scientists, and particular companies. And there are two characteristics exclusion of non expert and policymaking by limited experts. In this policymaking system, two problems, the decline of social acceptability of public policy and the failure of public policy, are pointed out. To solve these problems, at first, under the methodology of participatory policy analysis, we should utilize ordinary knowledge, which non-expert has, for policymaking. Therefore, citizen panel, where citizens participate and consider the policy alternatives, is effective. In addition, we should reform expert knowledge especially the expert organization and the role of expert. Therefore, conventional council style also known as SHINGIKAI should be changed for advisory board style' as US Science Advisory Board. On the basis of these reforms, we should build the policymaking support system, which provides ordinary knowledge, stakeholder knowledge and expert knowledge, by the cooperation of three panels; citizen panel, stakeholder panel, and expert panel.

著者

秦 裕緯

出版者

熊本大学大学院社会文化科学教育部

雑誌

熊本大学社会文化研究 (ISSN:1348530X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.18, pp.53-63, 2020

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This study is aimed at investigating the images and the memories of mother in the fantastics of Lafcadio Hearn and Natsume Soseki. As is well known, there are many similarities of life experiences, especially childhood experience between Hearn and Soseki. The descriptions of mother in the fantastics of the two writers also show many common features. These commonalities show the influences from childhood experiences to the images of mother in the literature of Hearn and Soseki. To clarify how experiences in childhood shape the images of mother in Hearn and Soseki's writings, this study analysis the relationship between the images of mother and the structure of the time in the article basing on the method of pathology. By elucidating why and how Hearn and Soseki deforms the real memorize of mother, this study would emphasize the importance of mothers' images in the typical image of women in the literature of Hearn and Soseki. Results of this study showes that it would be deeply related to the anxiety and the interest in mysterious.

著者

秦 裕緯

出版者

熊本大学

雑誌

熊本大学社会文化研究 (ISSN:1348530X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.207-218, 2018-03-25

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There are a lot of similarities between Patrick Lafcadio Hearn and Natsume Soseki. These two authors are known for both their similar work and experiences. The focus of this study is the images of water in Hearn's retold ghost story Yuki-Onna and Yume-Juya (which is also called Ten Nights Dreams), a series of short pieces by Soseki. The image of water appears frequently and plays an important part in both the two works. However, the expressions of water are different in both stories. There are two similar spaces consisted of the image of water existing in these two stories, which also acts as the connection and boundary to another world. Water plays opposite roles in marriage and mother-child relationship in Yuki-Onna and simultaneously, is an important metaphor between life and death in Yume-jiya. This study compares the similarities and differences by analyzing the two images of water in these two works and tries to clarify how and why they are shaped in these ways.

著者

坂本 和啓

出版者

熊本大学

雑誌

熊本大学社会文化研究 (ISSN:1348530X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.289-301, 2006-03-31

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本稿の主題は、フーコー、ポスター、ライアンの監視の研究によって、遺伝子診断とそれに関連する技術の倫理的諸問題を考察することである。

著者

Williamson Rodger Steele

出版者

熊本大学

雑誌

熊本大学社会文化研究 (ISSN:1348530X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.4, pp.141-150, 2006

著者

鈴木 暁子 惠 明子 安村 明

出版者

熊本大学大学院社会文化科学教育部

雑誌

熊本大学社会文化研究 (ISSN:1348530X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.65-74, 2020-03-24

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Heuristics used in human decision-making are usually instinctually determined and can result in cognitive bias. People with developmental disorders are known to be particularly vulnerable to such cognitive biases. However, the relationship between these biases and developmental disorders in children has not yet been sufficiently established. Here, we created scenario tests with cognitive bias designed for children and sought to clarify the relationship between cognitive bias and autistic traits in children. Biased scenario tests designed for children were created and 25 6th graders (standard classes only) were asked to respond to scenario questions. We then examined the relationship between their responses and the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Results showed that there was a relationship between specific cognitive biases and autistic traits. Specifically, total number of correct responses on the biased scenario test and severity of communication skill impairment were negatively correlated in both males and females, total number of correct responses on the biased scenario test and severity of social skill impairment were negatively correlated in males, and total number of correct responses cognitive reflection and imagination were positively correlated in females. These results show that autistic traits can be quantitatively evaluated using the cognitive bias scenarios we created.

著者

甲元 眞之 木下 尚子 蔵冨士 寛 新里 亮人

出版者

熊本大学大学院社会文化科学研究科

雑誌

熊本大学社会文化研究 (ISSN:1348530X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.2, pp.320-325, 2004

著者

大塚 勲 オオツカ イサオ Ohtsuka Isao

出版者

熊本大学

雑誌

熊本大学社会文化研究 (ISSN:1348530X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.15, pp.51-70, 2017

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This paper presents that expansion of government bonds in the late 1970s was caused bya control of the former Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka. The government budgeted 2 trillionyen for revenue generated by the government bonds in the 1975 fiscal year and 15.3 trillionyen in the 1979 fiscal year. They expanded to 7.65 times in only four years. The budgets wereformulated according to an economic plan developed in 1976. Although the plan controlled thebudget inflation, the government depended on the government bonds because of shortage of taxrevenue. As a result, the government bonds expanded rapidly but the plan was realized. Theeconomic plan was formulated in the Takeo Miki Cabinet, not in the Tanaka Cabinet. However,the plan was in accordance with part of a 10 year economic plan which was examined but notdeveloped by Tanaka cabinet. Mr. Tanaka controlled the budgets in order to realize the planin the Tanaka Cabinet. As a result, government bonds were the inflated in the late 1970s. Thepaper therefore concludes that we should call them Tanaka government bonds policy.

著者

浦川 紘子

出版者

熊本大学

雑誌

熊本大学社会文化研究 (ISSN:1348530X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.183-201, 2005-03-31

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本稿では、遺伝子スパイ事件決定を手がかりとして、日米犯罪人引渡し条約3条、逃亡犯罪人引渡法2条6号に規定されるいわゆる「証拠の十分性」要件の意義並びに解釈適用における問題点について、他国の実行と比較しつつ、国際法の立場から考察することを目的とする。

著者

彭 柯然 ホウ カゼン Peng Keran

出版者

熊本大学

雑誌

熊本大学社会文化研究 (ISSN:1348530X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.15, pp.330-320, 2017

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This paper is intended to discuss the features of novel in the Tang dynasty, which were translated by Kawabata Yasunari in 1926. Previous research focused on the translations by Kawabata is rather limited, so will be explored in this paper. Broadly there are three direct approaches: analysis by narration, conversation, and poetry. Finally there will be farther analysis, revealing the background of the translations by Kawabata Yasunari.

著者

田中 雄次 タナカ ユウジ Tanaka Yuji

出版者

熊本大学

雑誌

熊本大学社会文化研究 (ISSN:1348530X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.53-66, 2004-02-29

著者

Bauer Tobias

出版者

熊本大学

雑誌

熊本大学社会文化研究 (ISSN:1348530X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.9, pp.39-55, 2011

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2009年11月に、ドイツ倫理審議会による赤ちゃんポスト及び匿名出産に関する見解が公にされた。それは、1999年以来ドイツに登場してきた赤ちゃんポスト及び匿名出産という事業のもつ倫理的・法的問題を指摘し、これを厳しく批判し、かつその廃止を要求するものであった。本稿は、ドイツのキリスト教諸教会及び赤ちゃんポスト等を運営するキリスト教系の福祉事業団体が、同見解に対して如何なる立場を採っているかを検証することによって、現下の議論におけるかれらの立場を明らかにしようとするものである。そのためにまず、ドイツ倫理審議会による赤ちゃんポストと匿名出産に対する反対の立場、次いで法的・倫理的問題を内包することを認識しながらも、なおかつこの事業を持続させる必要性を訴えるキリスト教諸教会の代表者による巻末に添えられた少数意見のそれぞれの論拠を考察した後に、赤ちゃんポスト等を運営するキリスト教系の福祉団体の反響を分析する。結論として、本稿は、キリスト教諸教会と同福祉団体には統一した立場は確認できず、赤ちゃんポスト及び匿名出産に対する立場は、実際の運営の経験と統計上のデータに対するそれぞれ異なる解釈がそれぞれ異なる立場をとらせる基となっている実情を明らかにする。

著者

伊﨑 久美 イザキ クミ Izaki Kumi

出版者

熊本大学

雑誌

熊本大学社会文化研究 (ISSN:1348530X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.318-305, 2017-03-25

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ユク河ノナカレハタエスシテ シカモゝトノ水ニアラス ヨトミニウカフウタカタハ カツキエ カツムスヒテ ヒサシクトゝマリタルタメシナシ 世中ニアル人ト栖ト 又カクノコトシ 『方丈記』の有名な冒頭文である。冒頭第一文<ユク河-水>の叙述から、第二文を経て第三文<人と栖>の主題に移る。その後<人ノスマヒ><トコロモ-人モ><カリノヤトリ>の避板法で、この<人と栖>の主題は展開していく。冒頭第二文の、<ユク河>に浮かぶ<ウタカタ>が、何故<キエ-ムスヒテ>なのか、つまり<消滅-生成>の対偶について考察する。

著者

後藤 隆昭

出版者

熊本大学

雑誌

熊本大学社会文化研究 (ISSN:1348530X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.14, pp.109-122, 2016

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The purpose of this study is to explore affective changes in Japanese college EFL learners after extensive reading of English newspaper articles. The activity was conducted as part of a general class and a remedial class. Both students were required to bring a Japan-related article they found interesting, take turns reading and attach a glossary to facilitate their work. Finally, a questionnaire survey was implemented, with a Likert scale, text-mining and the KJ method. As a result, students' images of English newspaper articles changed positively, and their interest in reading had been increased. Although there was no significant difference between those two classes, the activity worked for the remedial class. The students also found unexpectedly English newspaper articles easy to read. There is a widely held negative image of English newspaper articles; the image will be changeable in class.

著者

大熊 薫

出版者

熊本大学

雑誌

熊本大学社会文化研究 (ISSN:1348530X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.17-40, 2006-03-31

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本論文においては、神との出会いによって創作された『叡智』(sagesse,1880年)の中の数篇において、宗教的実存レヴェルにおける彼の魂の叫びがいかなるものかを考察する。これによって、彼の魂の状態が、常に「聖」と「俗」との間を彷徨っているということを立証する。

著者

石原 明子

出版者

熊本大学

雑誌

熊本大学社会文化研究 (ISSN:1348530X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.1-20, 2013-03-25

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In the areas affected by the TEPCO First Fukushima Nuclear Accident, lots of conflicts among community members and family members and the destruction of many human relationships have taken place. They also happened in the areas affected by the Minimata Mercury Polution. There are four reasons why conflict and destruction of human relationshipoccur under serious environmental pollution : 1) high distresses in the society under pollution or disaster cause conflicts, 2) urgent needs of social change to respond to the pollution and disaster underscore anew the worldview differences among the stakeholders, 3) the pollution and disastere reveals hidden structural violence in the society, 4) polution and contamination of natural environment such as water, air, and soils threaten basic human needs, and the lack of basic human needs increases risk of conflict. In order to resolve conflicts in the communities affected by the TEPCO nuclear disaster, Curle's conflict transformation model for asymmetric conflict would be useful.