著者

下地 幸夫

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.21-26, 2009 (Released:2018-01-27)

参考文献数

13

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Neolucanus insulicola donan, is a stag beetle endemic to Yonaguni Island, a small island in the Ryukyu Archipelago of Japan. The species is known to be a valuable indicator of the unique biogeographical composition of the archipelago and is useful for taxonomic research. However, it is now feared that this stag beetle is facing extinction as a result of the activities of insect dealers and collectors. Specimens are traded for high prices and are a rare commodity on the Japanese insect market. The species' population size was originally estimated to be over 600 but has declined to less than 1% of this number. In order to catch the larvae, the worst collectors have destroyed the tree cavities that the beetle uses for nesting. Collecting damages the habitat and this is likely to cause extinction of the species. It is obvious that such overexploitation has harmed the forest ecosystem on this island. Protection of this beetle depends on a prohibition on collecting and on preservation of Yonaguni Island's natural forest.

著者

永田 純子 落合 啓二

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.27-31, 2009 (Released:2018-01-27)

参考文献数

11

---

The wild boar (Sus scrofa leucomystax) population in Chiba prefecture, Japan, went extinct in the 1970's, subsequently recovering since 1986. To investigate genetic differences between this extinct population and contemporary wild boar populations in Chiba, we analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from wild boar specimens from the 1940s and 50s and contemporary animals. We successfully sequenced 572 base pair (bp) fragments of the mtDNA control region from three of four bones from extinct boars, and from 18 samples from contemporary wild boars. In the remaining of the four bones from the extinct population, only 385 bp of the 572 bp fragment were successfully sequenced. All specimens from the 1940s and 50s had haplotype J8, whereas contemporary boars had J3 and J10. Our findings indicated that the haplotype composition of the extinct boars was different from that of the modern population. Haplotype composition differences are not likely to be caused by migrations from neighboring prefectures to Chiba, because the current Chiba population is isolated from other populations. The contemporary population of wild boars in Chiba may have originated from escapes and/or introductions of feral boars or Inobuta from breeding farms.

著者

橋本 啓史 須川 恒 西野 麻知子 石川 俊之

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1-2, pp.15-29, 2013-07-01 (Released:2017-09-07)

参考文献数

40

---

We studied the impacts of human disturbances by boats on wintering waterbirds at 2 sites, in the North and South of Lake Biwa, a Ramsar wetland in Shiga Prefecture, Japan. Most land-feeding ducks (Anas platyrhynchos, An. poecilorhyncha, An. crecca, and An. formosd) slept offshore during the daytime. Herbivorous ducks (An. penelope, An. strepera, and An, falcata) foraged on the water surface. Diving herbivorous waterbirds (Fulica atra) foraged by diving offshore in the North, and by surface-feeding over a wide area of the water surface in the South. Most diving ducks (Ayihya ferina, Ay. fuligula, Ay. marila, and Bucephala clangula) slept on the water surface near the shoreline during the daytime, and some individuals started diving to forage in the afternoon. At both sites, waterbirds were often disturbed by fishing boats. Some birds flew away from the disturbance, but the species foraging in the daytime tended to come back to the same area and resume foraging promptly, whereas the species sleeping in the daytime tended not to come back.

著者

中沢 智恵子

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.19-38, 2010-03-01 (Released:2017-09-20)

参考文献数

41

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The causes of the extinction of the Japanese wolf (Canis lupus hodophilax), once found in three-Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu-of the four Japanese large islands, were documented by surveying official documents of northeastern Honshu from the Meiji era (1868-1912). The results showed many instances of nuisance killings of the animals, motivated by attacks on free-ranging livestock by the animals. The extirpation policies and their implemental measures were planned and authorized by the prefectural administrations of Aomori, Iwate, Iwai (then occupying parts of both present-day Iwate and Miyagi Prefectures), and Miyagi. In Aomori Prefecture, the police killed wolves. In Iwai Prefecture, the police commanded hunters to conduct the nuisance killings. The government of Iwate Prefecture enacted a bounty system in 1875, and 201 wolves were killed in 6 years. The government of Miyagi Prefecture followed it in 1877. In Fukushima Prefecture, local people conducted nuisance killings. Besides, the documents showed that fur, meat, and other parts of wolves were traded and used in northeastern Honshu. Thus, it can be concluded that the nuisance killings and hunting of wolves in the late 19th century contributed to the extinction of these animals in northeastern Honshu.

著者

古林 賢恒 筱田 寧子

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.1-24, 2001-12-25 (Released:2017-10-17)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

2

---

By using documents handed in by local peasants for permission to use guns to counter agricultural damage by wildlife and records of deer hunting, the distribution of sika deer (Cervus nippon) around the Kanto plain during Edo era was demonstrated. As a result of the analysis of 540 historical documents, (1) agricultural damage was shown to have been caused by sika deer and boar, which were driven from fields all the time, (2) agricultural damage existed in lowlands, tablelands and hills, and happened only at fields, not in forestry regions, (3) complaints to agricultural damage was concentrated especially in the "takaba" regions, (4) agricultural damage occurred continuously through out the Edo era at each place. The similarity between land-use of the area where the documents continuously existed and that of the outskirts on the area suggests that sika lived everywhere at that time.

著者

二ノ宮 史絵 古林 賢恒

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.63-77, 2004-02-25 (Released:2017-10-18)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

1

---

This paper describes a study of the spatial structure and gap dynamics of a beech forest affected by the overbrowsing by sika deer (Cervus nippon) in the eastern part of the Tanzawa mountain zone of Kanagawa Prefecture. Beech (Fagus crenata), walnut (Pterocarya rhoifolia), linden (Tilia japonica) and fir (Abies homolepis) dominate the canopy layer of the forest, but the shrub layer is dominated by epaullete trees (Pterostyrax hispidata), which are pioneer plants and unpalatable for sika deer. All seedlings except these are subject to great stress caused by sika deer overbrowsing. It assumed that epaullete trees invade and grow rapidly in many gaps in the beech forest, without competition from other species. On the other hand, seedlings of other species grow normally in areas protected by fence. In conclusion, control of the sika deer population is required for normal regeneration of the beech forest.

著者

小寺 祐二 神崎 伸夫

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.67-78, 2001-07-31 (Released:2017-10-17)

参考文献数

9

---

To analyze the status of wild boar (Sus scrofa), crossbred of pig×wild boar farming, and those feral populations, a written questionnaire was sent to 47 prefectural government offices, 679 branches of Dainippon Ryoyukai (Hunters Club) and 42 farmers. A verbal survey was also conducted on farmers in Gunma, Wakayama, Hokkaido, and Aomori prefectures. Breeding farms of wild boar and crossbreeds existed in 30 (63.8%) and 22 (46.8%) prefectures, respectively. The number of farms trippled between 1955 and 1964. It was the highest in the 1980s and the most popular motivation was to attract tourists. Feral crossbreds have been discovered in 36 prefectures (76.6%). The sources of feral animals were mostly unknown (69.8%). However, 0.9% of feral animals were reported to have been released intentionally. Almost half of the hunters (43.3%) surveyed responded to a question concerning their opinion of feral animals and they agreed to eliminate the animals. 23.0% welcomed them as hunting resources. Breeding was regarded as an industry that reinvigorated the local economy in Wakayama and Gunma prefectures. Delay of counter measures caused the feral crossbreed population to survive in Hokkaido.

著者

横畑 泰志 横田 昌嗣

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1-2, pp.1-12, 2000-07-19 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

52

---

Uotsuri-jima Island in the Senkaku Islands, southwestern Japan is a small island characterized by very valuable biota with high endemicity which has formed over a long period of isolation. The ecosystem on this island is under the risk of total destruction because of the presence of domestic goats, Capra aegarus, were introduced in 1978 by a private political party in Japan and increased to more than 300 individuals. This problem is made more difficult due to the territorial conflicts over the Islands by Japan, China and Taiwan.

著者

上田 剛平 小寺 祐二 車田 利夫 竹内 正彦 桜井 良 佐々木 智恵

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.2, pp.47-57, 2012-05-31 (Released:2017-09-07)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

5

---

The Japanese hunter population has been declining and aging since the 1970s. As hunters' removal of nuisance animals is important for the prevention of agricultural damage, their retention is critical for sustainably managing Japan's wildlife. In order to understand the reasons for the decline in the number of hunters and propose appropriate retention measures, we surveyed 1,409 people who did not renew their hunting licenses in 2008 and 2009. The respondents who revoked their trap hunting licenses were younger and had significantly shorter hunting careers than those who revoked their gun hunting licenses. The former had mostly carried on hunting for nuisance control until the cost of hunting became too expensive for them to continue. Therefore, provision of economic incentives could be an important retention measure. While the main reason given by both big game and bird hunters was the reinforcement of gun holding regulations, bird hunters indicated that the reduction in the number of game birds and loss of hunting area were also problematic factors. Thus, in order to retain bird hunters, it is important to improve the environmental conditions of bird hunting.

著者

小池 伸介 羽澄 俊裕 古林 賢恒

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.19-30, 2003-02-21 (Released:2017-10-18)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

1

---

The authors studied the likelihood that seeds were being dispersed by the Japanese black bear (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) in a deciduous forest near Ashikawa Village, Yamanashi Prefecture. The forest was composed of 113 tree species. Japanese black bear ate fruits and seeds belonging to 37 species (including 7 unidentified). About 86.7 to 99.7% of seeds identified in 360 samples of bear feces were in good condition for 17 species (10 drupes, 5 berries, 1 multiple fruit of droplets and 1 pome). However, no intact seeds were found for 5 nut species. The germination rate of Yamasakura (Prunus jamasakura) seeds taken from feces was the same as for uneaten seeds. The results of this investigation suggest a high likelihood of seed dispersal by the Japanese black bear.

著者

斎藤 和範 八谷 和彦

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.67-74, 2002-03-29 (Released:2017-10-18)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

4

---

The Tokyo Daruma Pond Frog (Rana (Rana) porosa porosa) was assumed to have invaded from Honshu into Hokkaido before the 1990's (Saito et al.1998). However, it has become clear that the distribution of this pond frog is even now restricted to a small paddy area around Iwamizawa in central Hokkaido. Population density was high especially at old style paddy fields and shallow earth ditches. The restricted distribution of the pond frog could be related to the following: 1) As a result of field improvement, irrigation and drainage systems were changed from shallow earth brooks and ditches to deep, concrete-sided ones whose walls are too high for pond frogs to jump over; 2) Weeding out of footpaths around paddy fields and canals resulted in a decrease of food insects for the frogs; 3) Improvement of paddy field drainage limited the pond frog habitat after the irrigation season. Fortunately, paddy field improvement is considered an effective barrier of distributional expansion of pond frogs whose habitat was earthen brooks and ditches. It is ironic that the invasive frogs' activity is restricted by unnatural artificial paddy field improvements.

著者

神崎 伸夫 カイエタン ペジャノフスキー

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.4, pp.205-212, 1997 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

39

---

Population densities of wild boars (Sus scrofa) and wolves (Canis lupus) for the 16 years between 1980 and 1995 in the Bieszczady Mountains, south-eastern Poland, were compared to evaluate possible effects of wolf predation on the dynamics of wild boar populations. The population trends of wolves (measured by the level of their harvest) and wild boars showed opposite trends with a significant negative relationship (r^2=0.611, p<0.001).

著者

上杉 哲雄 丸山 直樹 神崎 伸夫

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.85-94, 1998-03-01 (Released:2017-10-03)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

---

Japanese weasels (Mustela itati itati) were introduced into Miyake-jima Island, Tokyo, to reduce the number of brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) and black rats (R. rattus). They currently threaten the endemic component of this island's fauna. Public attitude toward nature, introduced Japanese weasels and the future of the island were studied using a questionnaire survey. One hundred eighty seven families were nominated for the survey, of which 80 individuals responded (2% of all residents). Eighty six percent of the respondents were interested in nature, and 56% thought it important to protect nature or develop industries that integrate nature conservation practices into their activities. Ninety five percent of the respondents recognized that Japanese weasels had been introduced and 94% knew the purpose of that introduction. A significantly greater number of respondents agreed that control after Japanese weasel on Miyke-jima Island was necessary than those who disagreed (X2-test, p < 0.001).

著者

小池 伸介 羽澄 俊裕 古林 賢恒

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.19-30, 2003

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

9

---

The authors studied the likelihood that seeds were being dispersed by the Japanese black bear (<i>Ursus thibetanus japonicus</i>) in a deciduous forest near Ashikawa Village, Yamanashi Prefecture. The forest was composed of 113 tree species. Japanese black bear ate fruits and seeds belonging to 37 species (including 7 unidentified). About 86.7 to 99.7% of seeds identified in 360 samples of bear feces were in good condition for 17 species (10 drupes, 5 berries, 1 multiple fruit of droplets and 1 pome). However, no intact seeds were found for 5 nut species. The germination rate of Yamasakura (<i>Prunus jamasakura</i>) seeds taken from feces was the same as for uneaten seeds. The results of this investigation suggest a high likelihood of seed dispersal by the Japanese black bear.

著者

満尾 世志人 西田 一也 千賀 裕太郎

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.1-9, 2010-03-01 (Released:2017-09-20)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1

---

To evaluate how Lefua echigonia use paddy fields, we studied the so-called "yatsuda" paddy fields in Tokyo from April through November of 2006. The investigation consisted of trapping fish that migrate between the paddy fields and the irrigation channel, followed by a distributional survey at the channel. In the analysis, we compared the results of each item assessed for Lefua echigonia with those for Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and found that while both L. echigonia and M. anguillicaudatus bred in the paddy fields, the main breeding site for L. echigonia was apparently the channel. These results along with the observation that many juvenile L. echigonia enter the paddy fields suggest that the paddy fields function mainly as the growth place for L. echigonia. It was also found that L. echigonia tended to exit the paddy fields at the point of water entry.

著者

角田 裕志 土井 真樹絵 大平 充 満尾 世志人 千賀 裕太郎

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.2, pp.59-66, 2012

参考文献数

26

---

We investigated fish fauna in the littoral areas of Lake Saiko and Shojiko, Yamanashi Prefecture, Central Japan and compared them with those in previous studies. Two species have newly appeared in each lake: <i>Oncorhynchus masou masou</i> (Salmonidae) and <i>Pseudogobio esocinus esocinus</i> (Cyprinidae) in Lake Saiko and two Gobiidae species, <i>Tridentiger brevispinis</i> and <i>Gymnogobius urotaenia</i>, in Lake Shojiko. Three of these fishes are non-indigenous Japanese fishes and may have been introduced unintentionally in recent years, whereas <i>O. masou masou</i> was stocked for fishing by fishery managers of Lake Saiko. In Lake Saiko, the fish species composition has greatly changed and a goby, <i>Rhinogobius</i> sp. OR, has been dominated by another goby, <i>T. brevispinis</i>, during the past decade. In Lake Shojiko, species composition and dominant species has not changed and a goby, <i>R.</i> sp. OR, was the dominant benthic fish in littoral areas. However, we found that <i>T. brevispinis</i> has also invaded Lake Shojiko recently and greatly increased in number during the study period. The results indicated that unintentional introduction of non-indigenous fish species may have frequently occurred with fish stocking in recent years.

著者

小寺 祐二 神崎 伸夫

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.67-78, 2001

参考文献数

9

---

To analyze the status of wild boar (<i>Sus scrofa</i>), crossbred of pig×wild boar farming, and those feral populations, a written questionnaire was sent to 47 prefectural government offices, 679 branches of Dainippon Ryoyukai (Hunters Club) and 42 farmers. A verbal survey was also conducted on farmers in Gunma, Wakayama, Hokkaido, and Aomori prefectures. Breeding farms of wild boar and crossbreeds existed in 30 (63.8%) and 22 (46.8%) prefectures, respectively. The number of farms trippled between 1955 and 1964. It was the highest in the 1980s and the most popular motivation was to attract tourists. Feral crossbreds have been discovered in 36 prefectures (76.6%). The sources of feral animals were mostly unknown (69.8%). However, 0.9% of feral animals were reported to have been released intentionally. Almost half of the hunters (43.3%) surveyed responded to a question concerning their opinion of feral animals and they agreed to eliminate the animals. 23.0% welcomed them as hunting resources. Breeding was regarded as an industry that reinvigorated the local economy in Wakayama and Gunma prefectures. Delay of counter measures caused the feral crossbreed population to survive in Hokkaido.

著者

助野 実樹郎 宮木 雅美

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.1, pp.43-66, 2007

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

5

---

We surveyed the vascular flora on the Nakanoshima Islands in Toya Lake, Hokkaido, Japan, during the years 2002-2004. Here, the impacts of an excessive population of sika deer (<i>Cervus nippon</i> Temminck) have lasted for more than 20 years. The present survey found 150 plant species in 68 families on the islands (excluding the species recorded only in the areas impossible for the deer to enter), a decrease to 32.6% of the 460 species surveyed in 1977. The survival ratios of herbaceous, shrub and tree species were 18.8% (n = 67), 35.0% (n = 14), and 62.5% (n = 40), respectively. The survival ratios of herbaceous and shrub species were lower than for tree species. These results suggest that shrub and herbaceous species, which utilize the same space as deer, were more affected by the deer compared to the tree species. Numbers of alien plants did not change since the first survey, and the failure to increase was probably because of heavy foraging pressure. In recent years, deer have started foraging on unpalatable plants such as <i>Cephalotaxus harringtonia</i> var. <i>nana</i> and <i>Senecio cannabifolius</i>. The current findings suggest that the flora on the island change rapidly in response to pressure from browsing deer.

著者

三戸 幸久

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.3_4, pp.111-126, 1995 (Released:2017-09-06)

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

1

---

From the mid-1800s to around 1950, the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) was rarely seen by humans, because this animal had decreased greatly due to being harvested as a natural resource. After 1950, however, wild monkey parks were opened one after another, contributing to the local economy, nature-education of the general public, conservation of monkeys, reduction of crop damages and scientific studies. In 1972, there were 35 parks in total. But from thereon, the number of parks started to decrease again, which was caused by various problems, such as an increase in the running cost, decrease in the number of visitors and poor sanitary conditions. A steady rise in the number of wild monkeys also caused an increase in damages to crops and human dwellings. Important recommendations by naturalists, scientists and nature conservationists for improving the situation of the parks in regard to educational, scientific and nature conservation aspects have been ignored by commercial and administrative authorities. Nevertheless, efforts to improve the situation continued because of the overpopulation of park monkeys and the serious damages caused by them. As a possible solution to this problem it was suggested recently to return the animals to their natural habitat by gradually decreasing and then completely stopping their support, slowly integrating them into the ecosystem again, thereby contributing to public education and nature conservation in cooperation with local museums of natural history.

著者

三戸 幸久

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.3, pp.111-126, 1995

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

1

---

From the mid-1800s to around 1950, the Japanese monkey (<i>Macaca fuscata</i>) was rarely seen by humans, because this animal had decreased greatly due to being harvested as a natural resource. After 1950, however, wild monkey parks were opened one after another, contributing to the local economy, nature-education of the general public, conservation of monkeys, reduction of crop damages and scientific studies. In 1972, there were 35 parks in total. But from thereon, the number of parks started to decrease again, which was caused by various problems, such as an increase in the running cost, decrease in the number of visitors and poor sanitary conditions. A steady rise in the number of wild monkeys also caused an increase in damages to crops and human dwellings. Important recommendations by naturalists, scientists and nature conservationists for improving the situation of the parks in regard to educational, scientific and nature conservation aspects have been ignored by commercial and administrative authorities. Nevertheless, efforts to improve the situation continued because of the overpopulation of park monkeys and the serious damages caused by them. As a possible solution to this problem it was suggested recently to return the animals to their natural habitat by gradually decreasing and then completely stopping their support, slowly integrating them into the ecosystem again, thereby contributing to public education and nature conservation in cooperation with local museums of natural history.