著者

照井 滋晴 佐藤 孝則

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.25-32, 2020 (Released:2020-09-02)

参考文献数

30

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Currently, several solar power plants have been constructed in wetland areas in Kushiro National Park without prior environmental impact assessment, as it was not required by the relevant laws in Japan. We surveyed abundance of individuals and egg sacs of the threatened Siberian salamander (Salamandrella keyserlingii) at a solar power plant site, prior to, during (2015-2016), and after (2017) its construction. We confirmed the presence of adults (n = 5 in 2015, n = 3 in 2016, and n = 1 in 2017), and metamorphs (n = 8, only in 2016) as well as egg sacs (n = 11 in 2015, n =37 in 2016, n = 36 in 2017) of this species during the survey period. For habitat conservation, we suggested the following measures to solar power producers: 1) installation of photovoltaic panels in the salamander's main habitat area should be avoided, and 2) the main habitats should be preserved as habitat “conservation area.” The solar power producers agree to implement our suggested conservation plan, and it was decided that we would monitor the salamander population– in this site for the next several years. We believe that this endeavor, supported jointly by producers and conservationists, sets a valuable precedent for the conservation of salamanders in areas with solar power plant construction.

著者

竹内 健悟

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.41-49, 2019 (Released:2019-12-29)

参考文献数

21

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This study traced historical records regarding hawk hunting and crane trapping of the Hirosaki clan during the early Edo period. It revealed that there were many designated fields where Goshawk, Sparrowhawk, and Peregrin falcons were captured for falconry purposes. Falconers played important roles by regularly providing meat for the castle kitchen throughout the year. The falconers hunted numerous Skylark and Common quail during summer, and hunted goose and wild ducks from autumn to spring. The findings this study also indicate that the grassland was wide during that time period. Japanese cranes were recorded from spring to autumn; thus, the data indicates that Japanese cranes are likely to have been breeding in the Tsugaru region; these cranes were often captured by peasants. On the other hand, white-naped cranes and hooded cranes were captured during the spring and fall migration period. Such records suggest that these cranes flew over the Tsugaru region when they migrated from north to south, and vice versa.

著者

久井 貴世

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.1-21, 2016 (Released:2017-06-17)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

1

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This paper has mainly studied the actual condition of crane hunting during the Edo period by investigating various rules and specific hunting methods about crane hunting. The systems of crane hunting were not unified all around the country, and different hunting system worked in each domain. In some domain, commoners were also permitted to capture crane under certain rules, but the cranes captured belonged to the lord and all the cranes were eventually gathered to the lord in such systems. It is speculated that the crane hunting activities for the purpose of private use (livelihood or entertainment, etc.) that did not benefit the lord were banned during the Edo period instead of prohibiting hunting cranes all together. In addition, the methods for hunting cranes included gun hunting using a wooden decoy, hunting with nets or traps beside the well-known falconry.

著者

藤井 忠志 稲葉 正和 湯浅 俊行 横山 恵一

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.33-40, 2019 (Released:2019-12-29)

参考文献数

48

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Mt. Hayachine, which is the famous mountain of Iwate, has had reported sightings of the Rock Ptarmigan Lagopus muta since ancient times, but there was never any evidence to support it. However, in a school collection in Ehime Prefecture, a stuffed specimen suspected of being a Rock Ptarmigan from Mt. Hayachine in Iwate Prefecture was analyzed, and the authenticity of the production area was examined.

著者

Kazumi Shionosaki Shigeki Sasaki Fumio Yamada Shozo Shibata

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.1-13, 2016 (Released:2017-06-17)

参考文献数

45

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To protect endangered endemic species from predation by domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) in Amami-Ohshima Island, Japan, the five local governments on the island issued a regulation in October 2011 on the proper raising and management of domestic cats. We studied the changes in owned and unowned free-roaming cats' activities in a mountain forest (2 km2 in size), near residential areas in Amami City, following the enforcement of the regulation, specifically the prohibition on cat feeding. A camera-trapping method was used to monitor cat activities for six months, prior to the regulation being in force, (2010-2011), and for seven months following the regulations' enforcement (2011-2012).  In response to food availability following the regulation enforcement, the number of unowned cats decreased by almost half, and their activities shifted to nocturnal. Moreover, both owned cats and unowned free-roaming cats tended to utilize the forest interior more than other areas (forest roadside and forest edge adjacent to the residential areas). Although the goal of the regulation is the protection of endemic species against domestic cat predation, the results of the present study indicate that the regulation will increase rather than decrease predation risk to endemic species. Therefore, even though the prohibition on feeding can be effective in reducing free-roaming cat reproduction in the long-term, more direct approaches, such as the removal of free-roaming cats from the endemic species' habitats, might be more effective in the short-term, as well as educating cat owners on the risks owned free-roaming cats pose to endemic species.

著者

池田 敬 白川 拓巳 鈴木 正嗣

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.13-20, 2018 (Released:2018-10-04)

参考文献数

30

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We compared the attractiveness of five baits (mineral salt, corn, hay cube, rice bran, and Japanese cedar cutting seedling) to sika deer (Cervus nippon) and wild boar (Sus scrofa). We conducted four feeding experiments using camera traps from August 16 to November 19, 2017. To evaluate the attractiveness of the five baits, we counted the number of animals photographed per hour for each bait. We then evaluated the appearance patterns of deer and boar to feeding sites and clarified the influence of the appearance of each mammal on other mammal. Deer strongly preferred mineral salt (P < 0.001), while boar preferred rice bran (P < 0.01). In addition, deer and boar showed similar appearance patterns. To capture only deer, mineral salt would be the most effective bait.

著者

上田 弘則 堂山 宗一郎 石川 圭介 江口 祐輔

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.33-41, 2020 (Released:2021-01-04)

参考文献数

27

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In Japan, sika deer (Cervus nippon) cause serious agricultural damage. To reduce the damage, it is important to use fencing and to capture the deer causing the damage. Box traps are recommended for capturing deer around farms. However, there is little information about where to position the trip line to capture adult deer with a box trap. We determined the optimal position of the trip line where there was a high probability that a deer would be in contact with it. Three reared adult female deer were used to determine this, along with a mobile cage and polyester yarn as the box trap and the trip line, respectively. The height of the trip line was randomly changed between 20 cm to 90 cm at 10 cm intervals, while the distance of the trip line from the bait was positioned between 20 cm to 50 cm at 10 cm intervals. We investigated whether deer made contact with the trip line at each position. The relationships between trip line position and deer contact were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. We found that trip line height significantly affected the deer contact. In contrast, the distance between the bait and the trip line did not affect the deer contact. The contact probabilities estimated by the best fitting model were high at trip line heights from 40 cm to 60 cm. In these positions, the deer contacted the trip line with their heads, necks, thoraxes, and backs.

著者

橋本 幸彦 森 豊

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.2, pp.1-8, 2017 (Released:2018-04-21)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

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In this study, we describe a transition in the distribution of Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) in the Suzuka Mountains Japanese Serow Protection Area, along the border between the Mie and Shiga Prefectures. We sampled serow distributions using camera traps at high and low elevations and light census methods in high elevation areas. Two and five cameras were placed in high elevation areas in 2014 and 2015, respectively, and light censuses were conducted monthly, except during the snowy season. Additionally, we placed two and four cameras in low elevation areas in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Despite a report of high serow density in the 1970s in high elevation areas, we found no evidence of the species. However, in low elevation areas, where serows were rarely found in the 1970s, we found the species at all camera locations and confirmed the birth of offspring. These results show that the distribution of serows in the protected area is contracting. Second, we documented changes in serow distribution by analyzing the results of monitoring data collected five times at 5-9-year intervals. In the 1980s, serow density in the center of the protected area (high elevation) was greater than that along the edges (low elevation). More recently, this pattern changed such that densities declined in both areas. In contrast, the density of Sika deer (Cervus nippon) has increased rapidly. The effect of increasing populations of Sika deer on Japanese serow density should be examined, and an action plan for serow conservation should be developed.

著者

寺尾 愛也 日野 貴文 鈴木 正嗣 近藤 誠司 吉田 剛司

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.41-50, 2016 (Released:2017-06-17)

参考文献数

24

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In Japan, the use of firearms to culling in areas surrounding the main road would be an effective option to control overabundant deer. This culling practice is linked to the laws and regulations regarding road and traffic; however, wildlife managers lack knowledge of these laws and regulations. We have identified Japanese regulations and conditions, and have focused on problems and prospects of the existing laws on sharpshooting, which was practiced at the National Route 453 in Shikotsu, Hokkaido, as a model case. Under these laws and regulations, strict safety control by blocking traffic and attending to public interests for culling is required in order to engage in culling around the road. However, the Road Law and Road Traffic Law do not specifically support road usage for culling intended for wildlife population control. Consequently, those laws require a viewpoint of wildlife management to solve conflicts that occur in and around the road.

著者

立脇 隆文 小池 文人

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.15-28, 2016 (Released:2017-06-17)

参考文献数

48

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Collecting and accumulating records of wildlife-vehicle collisions are useful for two purposes: to improve road safety, and to monitor the density of wildlife. Such records in Japan are obtained largely from roadkill collected by road managers or cleaners from local or national governments; however, little is known about the records within municipalities. The objective of this study was to provide an overview of roadkill records within municipalities in Japan. Particularly, this study aimed to reveal: the proportion of municipalities that have records of roadkill; the bureau that is mainly responsible for these records within municipalities; how the records are used by municipalities; and what information is usually available in these records. A questionnaire was sent to 650 municipalities across Japan, and was returned by 503 (77.4%) of the municipalities. Of the municipalities that answered the questionnaire, 68.6% recorded roadkill incidents in some way. The answers showed that in the majority of municipalities, cleaners within the municipality recorded roadkill, and road managers did not. About 90% of the records were discarded after 5 years had passed since they were recorded. The municipalities sometimes used the records for accounts of removing roadkill, or to reply to inquiries from citizens or prefectural offices, but rarely used them for preventing wildlife-vehicle collisions. Of the municipalities that answered the questionnaire, 50.1% collected roadkill not only from the municipal roads, but also from the prefectural or national roads, which municipalities have no responsibility to manage. The person removing the roadkill was usually the one to identify what species it belonged to. Each municipality recorded roadkill differently, as either a hand written note or as an electronic file in Microsoft Excel. The information available about roadkill in the majority of municipalities were month, location, and the species or taxa of animal removed. However, only 39.4% of the municipalities recorded all three characteristics. Based on these results, we suggest there should be a standardized system to collect roadkill records in Japanese municipalities, which could be used to improve road safety and monitor the density of local wildlife.

著者

大澤 剛士

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.17-27, 2017 (Released:2017-12-08)

参考文献数

85

被引用文献数

3

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In recent years we are facing a “declining population era” which means a continuously declining population. Along with population, agricultural activities are going into a decline especially in hilly and mountainous areas. Agricultural ecosystems have several ecosystem functions other than food production such as biodiversity conservation. Although traditional agricultural practices maintained biodiversity, recent agricultural situations may have negative consequences on biodiversity. In this paper, I reviewed the current agricultural situation in Japan, summarized studies on agricultural land use in a macro-scale, and discussed the future prospects for agricultural land use in Japan.

著者

羽根田 貴行 諸星 綾 小林 万里

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.2, pp.1-10, 2017 (Released:2017-06-17)

参考文献数

21

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The Pacific Ocean along the coast of eastern Hokkaido is rich in marine resources and many pinniped species inhabit the area. In this study, we report the pinniped numbers and species that are incidentally caught in salmon set nets in the waters off eastern Hokkaido from spring to autumn in 2012-2014. As a result, the number of by-catch individuals was higher in spring than in autumn, with the majority of animals caught in Konbumori and Hamanaka, respectively. Individuals of all the pinniped species that inhabit the Hokkaido coast were caught in spring. The main seal species caught in this season were harbor seals, spotted seals, and northern fur seals, whereas the majority of by-catch animals in autumn were harbor seals. Most of the by-catch seals were young individuals. However, in addition to pups, pregnant northern fur seal females were caught incidentally, likely while moving northward to breed. Migratory pinnipeds depends on the environment, the change in the number of by-catch by year was great. In contrast, resident species changed little. Therefore, status of the by-catch of migratory pinnipeds can be used as an indicator of environmental changes, whereas, the current inhabitant changes for resident species such as harbor seals.

著者

Bainah Sari Dewi Norio Tokita Masaaki Koganezawa Kengo Furubayashi

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

Biosphere conservation : for nature, wildlife, and humans (ISSN:13446797)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.19-28, 2009 (Released:2017-09-08)

参考文献数

37

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To investigate the effects of digestion by the Asiatic black bear Ursus thibetanus on seed germination, we conducted germination tests in the laboratory using Japanese bird cherry Prunus grayana (Rosaceae) seeds. We collected seeds from three different bird cherry trees (subsequently referred to as 'mother trees') between August 2006 and February 2007, and treated the seeds using four different methods: digested, extracted, juiced, and intact seeds. The single-factor ANOVA method was used for statistical analysis. In our study, seeds digested by bears showed higher rates of germination (89.0±11.0SD) than extracted seeds (66.7±8.9SD), while juiced seeds showed a lower rate of germination (10.2±4.5SD) and intact seeds did not germinate at all (0%). Our research also showed that the seeds taken from the three different mother trees did not differ significantly in their germination rates. The pulp juice and endocarp hinder the germination of the seeds of P. grayana. The difference between the germination rate of seeds that had passed through the alimentary canal of a bear and those that had their pulp removed manually was not clear; however, it seems likely that germination was improved by some mechanical or chemical aspect of passing through a bear's digestive tract.

著者

角田 裕志

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.5-15, 2017 (Released:2017-12-08)

参考文献数

65

被引用文献数

4

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Ponds are small waterbodies holding unique biota and relative-higher biodiversity than other freshwater ecosystems (i.e., rivers, lakes and streams). In Japan, irrigating farm ponds are typical lentic environments in Satoyama landscapes. Currently, however, there is growing concern for pond conservation because of declines and abandonments of ponds across the country. Japanese population number has started depopulating in 2011 and was estimated decreasing to about two-thirds in 2060. The social change in future Japan can affect agricultural landscapes, including farm ponds. In the paper, I reviewed and discussed ecological effects of pond abandonments on aquatic ecosystems, owing to the depopulation in future Japan. If farm ponds are abandoned, aquatic biodiversity drastically degrade and then most of aquatic species disappear, owing to vegetation succession. Although it needs maintaining operations (e.g., mowing and dredging) for conserving aquatic biota in farm ponds, it will be difficult in depopulated/abandoned settlements. I here suggested new systems and frameworks for conservation of pond ecosystems under the depopulating situation.

著者

神崎 伸夫 カイエタン ペジャノフスキー

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.4, pp.205-212, 1997 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

39

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Population densities of wild boars (Sus scrofa) and wolves (Canis lupus) for the 16 years between 1980 and 1995 in the Bieszczady Mountains, south-eastern Poland, were compared to evaluate possible effects of wolf predation on the dynamics of wild boar populations. The population trends of wolves (measured by the level of their harvest) and wild boars showed opposite trends with a significant negative relationship (r^2=0.611, p<0.001).

著者

松﨑 博季 真田 博文 和田 直史

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.75-85, 2021 (Released:2022-02-15)

参考文献数

12

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This paper presents and discusses the acoustic measurement results of four different alert whistles that produce sounds through airflow and the investigation results of reactions of sika deer (Cervus nippon) to alert sounds played from a vehicle mounted loudspeaker. The acoustic measurement of the alert whistles revealed that the basic acoustic characteristics of these whistles are similar, and it was confirmed that these whistles produce sounds of approximately 3 kHz, which are similar to deer alarm calls or sounds of approximately 17-18 kHz. However, none of the sounds could be confirmed in the measurement experiments while the vehicle was running. The investigation of the sika deer reaction to the alert whistles sounds confirmed that the sika deer provided a vigilant reaction to the sounds of approximately 3 kHz and to those of deer alert played back through a loudspeaker.

著者

御田 成顕 細谷 忠嗣 井上 裕香子 伴 和幸 冨澤 奏子 松本 七海

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.25-33, 2021 (Released:2022-02-01)

参考文献数

22

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Zoos are expected to play a role in environmental education. However, zoos have not been able to provide sufficient opportunities for experiential learning to the age groups from the upper grades of elementary school to university students, who rarely have the opportunity to visit a zoo. Zoos are required to carry out various recruiting and public relations activities to increase the opportunities of coming to a zoo for these age groups. This study aimed to collect basic information relevant to pursuing the potential of zoos as a site of environmental education for these age groups. A questionnaire survey targeting 479 vocational school students in the city of Fukuoka was administered. As a result, zoos were generally recognized as a place for recreation. In contrast, some students interested in animals considered zoos to be a place for learning, and it is necessary to increase their satisfaction with this purpose. To enhance the role of the zoo as a place of environmental education, it is necessary to devise exhibitions in which animals can be enjoyed and to satisfy the basic requirements of visitors who visit for various purposes. It will be possible to promote the environmental education role of zoos by encouraging and arousing interest in the age group and connecting them to learning.

著者

角田 裕志 和田 敏 安藤 正規

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.2, pp.39-46, 2017 (Released:2017-06-17)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

2

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It is concerned that intensive browsing by sika deer (Cervus nippon) has caused declines and disappearances of vegetations in forest floor, resulting in degradations of forest ecosystems across Japan. To determine the effects of deer browsing on forest ecosystems in Gifu Prefecture, we surveyed the decline of understory vegetation in deciduous hardwood forests in 376 forest stands using the shrub-layer decline rank (SDR), which was assessed by combining the coverage of the shrub-layer vegetation and the presence of signs of browsing by sika deer in each forest stand. We found that remarkable declines of vegetations (i.e., shrub-layer vegetation coverage was less than 38%) due to deer browsing were observed in 31.1% of the surveyed stands. We then estimated the spatial distribution of SDR in deciduous hardwood forests, based on sampled data, using a spatial interpolation method in the Geographic Information System. The results of the spatial estimation indicated that remarkable vegetation declines due to deer browsing could be occurred in 22.2% of the forests (1,133.5 km2), mainly distributed western and central areas of the prefecture. Moreover, our findings indicated that effects of deer browsing on forest ecosystem have started to expand northward and eastward of the prefecture. For conservation of forest ecosystem, we suggest reinforcing sika deer culling in the northern and eastern areas of Gifu Prefecture, where numbers of deer caught were relatively smaller than those in the western and central areas.

著者

Taichi Fujii Kaoru Ueno Motoyasu Minami

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.13-18, 2019 (Released:2019-06-12)

参考文献数

21

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Identification of food plants in the diet of Japanese ptarmigan Lagopus mutus japonicus was conducted in the Northern Alps of Toyama Prefecture, Japan during August 2015. Thirty-three fecal samples were collected from a covey comprising a mother and five chicks. Partial sequences of the chloroplast rbcL gene were amplified by PCR using DNA extracted from feces to identify food plants. We identified a total of 22 plant taxa; 13 to species, five to genus, and four to family level. Rarefaction and extrapolated sampling curves revealed that this survey covered approximately 89% of food plant taxa present in the study area. Of the 14 plant families identified from the collected fecal samples, Ericaceae (78.8% of all 33 fecal samples), Apiaceae (24.2%) and Poaceae (24.2%) were dominant. The most dominant family was Ericaceae with seven taxa. The most frequently encountered plant species were Empetrum nigrum (63.6%), Tilingia ajanensis (24.2%) and Vaccinium ovalifolium (21.2%). Thus, the combination of DNA barcoding using fecal DNA and the rarefaction and extrapolation sampling curves are considered to be well suited for estimating the dominant food plants in the diet of the Japanese ptarmigan.