著者

下地 幸夫

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.21-26, 2009 (Released:2018-01-27)

参考文献数

13

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Neolucanus insulicola donan, is a stag beetle endemic to Yonaguni Island, a small island in the Ryukyu Archipelago of Japan. The species is known to be a valuable indicator of the unique biogeographical composition of the archipelago and is useful for taxonomic research. However, it is now feared that this stag beetle is facing extinction as a result of the activities of insect dealers and collectors. Specimens are traded for high prices and are a rare commodity on the Japanese insect market. The species' population size was originally estimated to be over 600 but has declined to less than 1% of this number. In order to catch the larvae, the worst collectors have destroyed the tree cavities that the beetle uses for nesting. Collecting damages the habitat and this is likely to cause extinction of the species. It is obvious that such overexploitation has harmed the forest ecosystem on this island. Protection of this beetle depends on a prohibition on collecting and on preservation of Yonaguni Island's natural forest.

著者

永田 純子 落合 啓二

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.27-31, 2009 (Released:2018-01-27)

参考文献数

11

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The wild boar (Sus scrofa leucomystax) population in Chiba prefecture, Japan, went extinct in the 1970's, subsequently recovering since 1986. To investigate genetic differences between this extinct population and contemporary wild boar populations in Chiba, we analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from wild boar specimens from the 1940s and 50s and contemporary animals. We successfully sequenced 572 base pair (bp) fragments of the mtDNA control region from three of four bones from extinct boars, and from 18 samples from contemporary wild boars. In the remaining of the four bones from the extinct population, only 385 bp of the 572 bp fragment were successfully sequenced. All specimens from the 1940s and 50s had haplotype J8, whereas contemporary boars had J3 and J10. Our findings indicated that the haplotype composition of the extinct boars was different from that of the modern population. Haplotype composition differences are not likely to be caused by migrations from neighboring prefectures to Chiba, because the current Chiba population is isolated from other populations. The contemporary population of wild boars in Chiba may have originated from escapes and/or introductions of feral boars or Inobuta from breeding farms.

著者

橋本 啓史 須川 恒 西野 麻知子 石川 俊之

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1-2, pp.15-29, 2013-07-01 (Released:2017-09-07)

参考文献数

40

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We studied the impacts of human disturbances by boats on wintering waterbirds at 2 sites, in the North and South of Lake Biwa, a Ramsar wetland in Shiga Prefecture, Japan. Most land-feeding ducks (Anas platyrhynchos, An. poecilorhyncha, An. crecca, and An. formosd) slept offshore during the daytime. Herbivorous ducks (An. penelope, An. strepera, and An, falcata) foraged on the water surface. Diving herbivorous waterbirds (Fulica atra) foraged by diving offshore in the North, and by surface-feeding over a wide area of the water surface in the South. Most diving ducks (Ayihya ferina, Ay. fuligula, Ay. marila, and Bucephala clangula) slept on the water surface near the shoreline during the daytime, and some individuals started diving to forage in the afternoon. At both sites, waterbirds were often disturbed by fishing boats. Some birds flew away from the disturbance, but the species foraging in the daytime tended to come back to the same area and resume foraging promptly, whereas the species sleeping in the daytime tended not to come back.

著者

中沢 智恵子

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.19-38, 2010-03-01 (Released:2017-09-20)

参考文献数

41

---

The causes of the extinction of the Japanese wolf (Canis lupus hodophilax), once found in three-Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu-of the four Japanese large islands, were documented by surveying official documents of northeastern Honshu from the Meiji era (1868-1912). The results showed many instances of nuisance killings of the animals, motivated by attacks on free-ranging livestock by the animals. The extirpation policies and their implemental measures were planned and authorized by the prefectural administrations of Aomori, Iwate, Iwai (then occupying parts of both present-day Iwate and Miyagi Prefectures), and Miyagi. In Aomori Prefecture, the police killed wolves. In Iwai Prefecture, the police commanded hunters to conduct the nuisance killings. The government of Iwate Prefecture enacted a bounty system in 1875, and 201 wolves were killed in 6 years. The government of Miyagi Prefecture followed it in 1877. In Fukushima Prefecture, local people conducted nuisance killings. Besides, the documents showed that fur, meat, and other parts of wolves were traded and used in northeastern Honshu. Thus, it can be concluded that the nuisance killings and hunting of wolves in the late 19th century contributed to the extinction of these animals in northeastern Honshu.

著者

横畑 泰志 横田 昌嗣

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.1-12, 2000-07-19

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Uotsuri-jima Island in the Senkaku Islands, southwestern Japan is a small island characterized by very valuable biota with high endemicity which has formed over a long period of isolation. The ecosystem on this island is under the risk of total destruction because of the presence of domestic goats, Capra aegarus, were introduced in 1978 by a private political party in Japan and increased to more than 300 individuals. This problem is made more difficult due to the territorial conflicts over the Islands by Japan, China and Taiwan.

著者

古林 賢恒 筱田 寧子

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.1-24, 2001-12-25 (Released:2017-10-17)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

2

---

By using documents handed in by local peasants for permission to use guns to counter agricultural damage by wildlife and records of deer hunting, the distribution of sika deer (Cervus nippon) around the Kanto plain during Edo era was demonstrated. As a result of the analysis of 540 historical documents, (1) agricultural damage was shown to have been caused by sika deer and boar, which were driven from fields all the time, (2) agricultural damage existed in lowlands, tablelands and hills, and happened only at fields, not in forestry regions, (3) complaints to agricultural damage was concentrated especially in the "takaba" regions, (4) agricultural damage occurred continuously through out the Edo era at each place. The similarity between land-use of the area where the documents continuously existed and that of the outskirts on the area suggests that sika lived everywhere at that time.

著者

二ノ宮 史絵 古林 賢恒

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.63-77, 2004-02-25 (Released:2017-10-18)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

1

---

This paper describes a study of the spatial structure and gap dynamics of a beech forest affected by the overbrowsing by sika deer (Cervus nippon) in the eastern part of the Tanzawa mountain zone of Kanagawa Prefecture. Beech (Fagus crenata), walnut (Pterocarya rhoifolia), linden (Tilia japonica) and fir (Abies homolepis) dominate the canopy layer of the forest, but the shrub layer is dominated by epaullete trees (Pterostyrax hispidata), which are pioneer plants and unpalatable for sika deer. All seedlings except these are subject to great stress caused by sika deer overbrowsing. It assumed that epaullete trees invade and grow rapidly in many gaps in the beech forest, without competition from other species. On the other hand, seedlings of other species grow normally in areas protected by fence. In conclusion, control of the sika deer population is required for normal regeneration of the beech forest.

著者

中沢 智恵子

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.19-38, 2010-03-01

---

The causes of the extinction of the Japanese wolf (Canis lupus hodophilax), once found in three-Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu-of the four Japanese large islands, were documented by surveying official documents of northeastern Honshu from the Meiji era (1868-1912). The results showed many instances of nuisance killings of the animals, motivated by attacks on free-ranging livestock by the animals. The extirpation policies and their implemental measures were planned and authorized by the prefectural administrations of Aomori, Iwate, Iwai (then occupying parts of both present-day Iwate and Miyagi Prefectures), and Miyagi. In Aomori Prefecture, the police killed wolves. In Iwai Prefecture, the police commanded hunters to conduct the nuisance killings. The government of Iwate Prefecture enacted a bounty system in 1875, and 201 wolves were killed in 6 years. The government of Miyagi Prefecture followed it in 1877. In Fukushima Prefecture, local people conducted nuisance killings. Besides, the documents showed that fur, meat, and other parts of wolves were traded and used in northeastern Honshu. Thus, it can be concluded that the nuisance killings and hunting of wolves in the late 19th century contributed to the extinction of these animals in northeastern Honshu.

著者

小寺 祐二 神崎 伸夫

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.67-78, 2001-07-31 (Released:2017-10-17)

参考文献数

9

---

To analyze the status of wild boar (Sus scrofa), crossbred of pig×wild boar farming, and those feral populations, a written questionnaire was sent to 47 prefectural government offices, 679 branches of Dainippon Ryoyukai (Hunters Club) and 42 farmers. A verbal survey was also conducted on farmers in Gunma, Wakayama, Hokkaido, and Aomori prefectures. Breeding farms of wild boar and crossbreeds existed in 30 (63.8%) and 22 (46.8%) prefectures, respectively. The number of farms trippled between 1955 and 1964. It was the highest in the 1980s and the most popular motivation was to attract tourists. Feral crossbreds have been discovered in 36 prefectures (76.6%). The sources of feral animals were mostly unknown (69.8%). However, 0.9% of feral animals were reported to have been released intentionally. Almost half of the hunters (43.3%) surveyed responded to a question concerning their opinion of feral animals and they agreed to eliminate the animals. 23.0% welcomed them as hunting resources. Breeding was regarded as an industry that reinvigorated the local economy in Wakayama and Gunma prefectures. Delay of counter measures caused the feral crossbreed population to survive in Hokkaido.

著者

横畑 泰志 横田 昌嗣

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1-2, pp.1-12, 2000-07-19 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

52

---

Uotsuri-jima Island in the Senkaku Islands, southwestern Japan is a small island characterized by very valuable biota with high endemicity which has formed over a long period of isolation. The ecosystem on this island is under the risk of total destruction because of the presence of domestic goats, Capra aegarus, were introduced in 1978 by a private political party in Japan and increased to more than 300 individuals. This problem is made more difficult due to the territorial conflicts over the Islands by Japan, China and Taiwan.

著者

山城 明日香 山城 考 土肥 昭夫 伊澤 雅子 遠藤 晃

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.47-61, 2004-12-27

被引用文献数

1

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The food habits of the Kerama deer (Cervus nippon keramae) were investigated on the basis of feeding mark observations in the field, as well as fecal analysis. The feeding mark investigation found 118 plant species were eaten by the Kerama deer: 7 ferns, 23 woody plants, 35 forbs, 42 graminoids (Gramineae, Cyperaceae), and 11 non-graminoid monocots. With graminoids, many feeding marks were found on young leaves and reproductive organs. In the fecal analysis, the proportions of five plant categories (ferns, woody plants, forbs and non-graminoid monocots) dominated throughout the year at forest site, but the proportion of graminoids varied according to season at the marsh site. At marsh sites, the proportion of graminoids began to increase in March and was highest in August. These results suggest that the Kerama deer selectively eat high quality parts of graminoids. On this point, food habits of Kerama deer are quite different from those of Sika deer populations in northern Japan, where the proportion of graminoids increases in winter due to the lack of food. The study concluded that the food habits of the Kerama deer were the concentrate selector (CS) type.

著者

上田 剛平 小寺 祐二 車田 利夫 竹内 正彦 桜井 良 佐々木 智恵

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.2, pp.47-57, 2012-05-31 (Released:2017-09-07)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

5

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The Japanese hunter population has been declining and aging since the 1970s. As hunters' removal of nuisance animals is important for the prevention of agricultural damage, their retention is critical for sustainably managing Japan's wildlife. In order to understand the reasons for the decline in the number of hunters and propose appropriate retention measures, we surveyed 1,409 people who did not renew their hunting licenses in 2008 and 2009. The respondents who revoked their trap hunting licenses were younger and had significantly shorter hunting careers than those who revoked their gun hunting licenses. The former had mostly carried on hunting for nuisance control until the cost of hunting became too expensive for them to continue. Therefore, provision of economic incentives could be an important retention measure. While the main reason given by both big game and bird hunters was the reinforcement of gun holding regulations, bird hunters indicated that the reduction in the number of game birds and loss of hunting area were also problematic factors. Thus, in order to retain bird hunters, it is important to improve the environmental conditions of bird hunting.

著者

小池 伸介 羽澄 俊裕 古林 賢恒

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.19-30, 2003-02-21 (Released:2017-10-18)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

1

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The authors studied the likelihood that seeds were being dispersed by the Japanese black bear (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) in a deciduous forest near Ashikawa Village, Yamanashi Prefecture. The forest was composed of 113 tree species. Japanese black bear ate fruits and seeds belonging to 37 species (including 7 unidentified). About 86.7 to 99.7% of seeds identified in 360 samples of bear feces were in good condition for 17 species (10 drupes, 5 berries, 1 multiple fruit of droplets and 1 pome). However, no intact seeds were found for 5 nut species. The germination rate of Yamasakura (Prunus jamasakura) seeds taken from feces was the same as for uneaten seeds. The results of this investigation suggest a high likelihood of seed dispersal by the Japanese black bear.

著者

小寺 祐二 神崎 伸夫 金子 雄司 常田 邦彦

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.119-129, 2001-07-31

被引用文献数

18 10

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Habitat selection of Japanese wild boars, Sus scrofa leucomystax, was studied by radio-tracking and analyses of activity sign distributions in Iwami district, Shimane Prefecture. Four radio-collared wild boars were located once a day during daytime from October 1994 to August 1997. All animals significantly preferred broad-leaved forest. On the other hand, three significantly avoided coniferous plantation. Activity signs were counted seasonally at 5 vegetation types during August 1996 to February 1999. At abandoned paddy number of rooting sites were found significantly more than other vegetation types, while those at coniferous plantation were significantly fewer through the year. Number of rooting site at bamboo thickets was also significantly more, but that at broad-leaved forest was significantly fewer in all seasons except fall. Population decrease and workers who progressively became old have caused increase of less managed broad-leaved forests and abandoned paddies in hilly and mountainous area, which provide favorable food and resting places for this animal. The socio-economic change may be one of the reasons of recent rapid expansion of wild boar in Shimane prefecture.

著者

小川 潔 本谷 勲

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.1-14, 2001-02-28

被引用文献数

2

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A follow-up survey of dandelion plants (Taraxacum) in 1990-1992, ten years after the initial survey using the same site designation methods in the southern Kanto district, revealed the following facts. Firstly, in the Tokyo urban area, the occurrence of both dandelion species had little changed; that is, the introduced one dominated there. Secondly, in the suburban areas, the number of lots in the recent survey where the native diploid species dominated had decreased compared with the previous survey, whereas the number of lots where the introduced species dominated had increased. Third, analysis of land-use in the two surveys revealed that a sharp decrease in cultivated fields, which are preferred by the native diploid species, caused a 48.7% drop in this dandelion's occurrence in the suburban areas. The count of the introduced dandelions also dropped by 3.5% in southern Tama, one suburb area. This species decreased in sites such as roadsides and vacant areas that have diminished, and increased on areas such as parking lots and children's playgrounds that have been expanded over the last ten years. These findings clarified the fact that decreases in habitat resulted in the retreat of ranges and declines in the frequency of occurrence for both dandelion species in the urban and suburban areas.

著者

神崎 伸夫 見宮 歩 丸山 直樹

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.1-9, 2003-02-21

被引用文献数

11

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To evaluate the condition of agricultural damages by Japanese wild boars (Sus scrofa) and Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata), and farmers' attitude toward it, a questionnaire was conducted in Yamanashi Prefecture in 1998. There were 338 respondents, and the response rate was 56.3%. Both wild boars' damages, mostly to rice, potatoes, and corns, and monkeys' damages, mostly to persimmon, pumpkin, soybean, and potatoes, increased rapidly in the Heisei era (1988-). Most of the farmers hoped to decrease or exterminate boar and monkey populations, and few of them supported the idea to make compensation system or to build fences around their farms. Respondents who would maintain their farming consist 41.7%, however 32.5% would shrink their activity and 25.1% would abandon it. Respondents suffering damages thought to shrink or abandon their activity significantly more than the other respondents (X^2-test, p<0.05).

著者

小寺 祐二 神崎 伸夫

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.109-117, 2001-07-31

被引用文献数

9

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To analyze food habits, nutritional condition and these relationships of Japanese wild boar (Sus scrofa leucomystax), 260 stomach contents were collected between September 1994 and April 1995 in Iwami district, Shimane Prefecture, western Japan. They were analyzed using point frame methods (Leader-Williams et al. 1981). Dicotyledons was the most abundant food item in September and October (36.7%, 35.9% volumes respectively), however acorn became the principal food in October and November (26.3%, 25.3%). Root and tuber were the most preferred food between December and April (43.2-62.2%). Percentages of crude protein of stomach content were between 7.8% and 18.2%, which were beyond the optimal level specified for swine (National Research Council 1979) except February. Percentages of crude fat was 9.0% in September, increased to 17.7% in October, and then gradually decreased to 5.3% in February. Kidney fat index was also low in September (22.6%), increased to 48.2% in November, and then decreased to 25.3% in April. Acorn availability was thought to influence the nutritional condition of wild boars.

著者

斎藤 和範 八谷 和彦

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.67-74, 2002-03-29 (Released:2017-10-18)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

4

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The Tokyo Daruma Pond Frog (Rana (Rana) porosa porosa) was assumed to have invaded from Honshu into Hokkaido before the 1990's (Saito et al.1998). However, it has become clear that the distribution of this pond frog is even now restricted to a small paddy area around Iwamizawa in central Hokkaido. Population density was high especially at old style paddy fields and shallow earth ditches. The restricted distribution of the pond frog could be related to the following: 1) As a result of field improvement, irrigation and drainage systems were changed from shallow earth brooks and ditches to deep, concrete-sided ones whose walls are too high for pond frogs to jump over; 2) Weeding out of footpaths around paddy fields and canals resulted in a decrease of food insects for the frogs; 3) Improvement of paddy field drainage limited the pond frog habitat after the irrigation season. Fortunately, paddy field improvement is considered an effective barrier of distributional expansion of pond frogs whose habitat was earthen brooks and ditches. It is ironic that the invasive frogs' activity is restricted by unnatural artificial paddy field improvements.

著者

神崎 伸夫 カイエタン ペジャノフスキー

出版者

Association of Wildlife and Human Society

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.4, pp.205-212, 1997 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

39

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Population densities of wild boars (Sus scrofa) and wolves (Canis lupus) for the 16 years between 1980 and 1995 in the Bieszczady Mountains, south-eastern Poland, were compared to evaluate possible effects of wolf predation on the dynamics of wild boar populations. The population trends of wolves (measured by the level of their harvest) and wild boars showed opposite trends with a significant negative relationship (r^2=0.611, p<0.001).

著者

上杉 哲雄 丸山 直樹 神崎 伸夫

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.85-94, 1998-03-01 (Released:2017-10-03)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

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Japanese weasels (Mustela itati itati) were introduced into Miyake-jima Island, Tokyo, to reduce the number of brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) and black rats (R. rattus). They currently threaten the endemic component of this island's fauna. Public attitude toward nature, introduced Japanese weasels and the future of the island were studied using a questionnaire survey. One hundred eighty seven families were nominated for the survey, of which 80 individuals responded (2% of all residents). Eighty six percent of the respondents were interested in nature, and 56% thought it important to protect nature or develop industries that integrate nature conservation practices into their activities. Ninety five percent of the respondents recognized that Japanese weasels had been introduced and 94% knew the purpose of that introduction. A significantly greater number of respondents agreed that control after Japanese weasel on Miyke-jima Island was necessary than those who disagreed (X2-test, p < 0.001).