著者
Eikoh Satoh Ryota Kasahara Kosuke Fukatsu Takao Aoki Hiroto Harayama Tetsuya Murata
出版者
Pesticide Science Society of Japan
雑誌
Journal of Pesticide Science (ISSN:1348589X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.1, pp.109-114, 2021-02-20 (Released:2021-02-26)
参考文献数
8
被引用文献数
5

Benzpyrimoxan (5-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)-4-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methoxy}pyrimidine, NNI-1501) was discovered as a novel insecticide structurally characterized by a pyrimidine derivative substituted with 1,3-dioxanyl and 4-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy groups. The compound showed remarkable activity against nymphs of rice planthoppers, including strains resistant to existing insecticides. Furthermore, benzpyrimoxan had low adverse effects on pollinators and beneficial arthropods. Because of these features, benzpyrimoxan is expected to be a suitable part of an integrated pest management strategy. In this report, the history of the discovery to reach benzpyrimoxan and details of the structure–activity relationships are described.
著者
Kotaro Koiwai Kana Morohashi Kazue Inaba Kana Ebihara Hirotatsu Kojima Takayoshi Okabe Ryunosuke Yoshino Takatsugu Hirokawa Taiki Nampo Yuuta Fujikawa Hideshi Inoue Fumiaki Yumoto Toshiya Senda Ryusuke Niwa
出版者
Pesticide Science Society of Japan
雑誌
Journal of Pesticide Science (ISSN:1348589X)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.D20-072, (Released:2021-02-04)
参考文献数
40
被引用文献数
6

Insect growth regulators (IGRs) can be developed by elucidating the molecular mechanisms of insect-specific biological events. Because insect molting, and metamorphosis are controlled by ecdysteroids, their biosynthetic pathways can serve as targets for IGR development. The glutathione S-transferase Noppera-bo (Nobo), which is conserved in dipteran and lepidopteran species, plays an essential role in ecdysteroid biosynthesis. Our previous study using 17β-estradiol as a molecular probe revealed that Asp113 of Drosophila melanogaster Nobo (DmNobo) is essential for its biological function. However, to develop IGRs with a greater Nobo inhibitory activity than 17β-estradiol, further structural information is warranted. Here, we report five novel non-steroidal DmNobo inhibitors. Analysis of crystal structures of complexes revealed that DmNobo binds these inhibitors in an Asp113-independent manner. Among amino acid residues at the substrate-recognition site, conformation of conserved Phe39 was dynamically altered upon inhibitor binding. Therefore, these inhibitors can serve as seed compounds for IGR development.
著者
匂坂 勝之助
出版者
日本農薬学会
雑誌
Journal of Pesticide Science (ISSN:1348589X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, no.3, pp.465-471, 1990-08-20 (Released:2010-08-05)
参考文献数
19
著者
Atsushi Okazawa Takatoshi Wakabayashi Toshiya Muranaka Yukihiro Sugimoto Daisaku Ohta
出版者
Pesticide Science Society of Japan
雑誌
Journal of Pesticide Science (ISSN:1348589X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.4, pp.230-237, 2020-11-20 (Released:2020-11-20)
参考文献数
48
被引用文献数
4

Orobanchaceae root parasitic weeds cause serious agricultural damage worldwide. Although numerous studies have been conducted to establish an effective control strategy for the growth and spread of root parasitic weeds, no practical method has been developed so far. Previously, metabolomic analyses were conducted on germinating seeds of a broomrape, Orobanche minor, to find novel targets for its selective control. Interestingly, planteose metabolism was identified as a possible target, and nojirimycin (NJ) selectively inhibited the germination of O. minor by intercepting planteose metabolism, although its precise mode of action was unclear. Here, transcriptome analysis by RNA-Seq was conducted to obtain molecular insight into the effects of NJ on germinating O. minor seeds. Differential gene expression analysis results suggest that NJ alters sugar metabolism and/or signaling, which is required to promote seed germination. This finding will contribute to understanding the effect of NJ and establishing a novel strategy for parasitic weed control.
著者
Tetsu Ando Masanobu Yamamoto
出版者
Pesticide Science Society of Japan
雑誌
Journal of Pesticide Science (ISSN:1348589X)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.D20-046, (Released:2020-10-15)
参考文献数
99
被引用文献数
9

Since the first identification of bombykol, sex pheromones of about 700 moth species have been elucidated. Additionally, field evaluations of synthetic pheromones and their related compounds have revealed the male attraction of another 1,300 species. These pheromones and attractants are listed on the web-sites, “Pheromone Database, Part I.” Pheromone components are classified according to their chemical structures into two major groups (Types I and II) and miscellaneous. Based on our previous review published in 2004, studies reported during the last two decades are highlighted here to provide information on the structure characteristics of newly identified pheromones, current techniques for structure determination, new enantioselective syntheses of methyl-branched pheromones, and the progress of biosynthetic research. Besides the moth sex pheromones, various pheromones and allomones from many arthropod species have been uncovered. These semiochemicals are being collected in the “Pheromone Database, Part II.” The chemical diversity provides a wonderland for natural product chemists.
著者
柏田 祥策 持田 和男 尾添 嘉久 中村 利家
出版者
日本農薬学会
雑誌
Journal of Pesticide Science (ISSN:1348589X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.20, no.4, pp.503-512, 1995-11-20 (Released:2010-08-05)
参考文献数
18
被引用文献数
1 3

汽水湖である宍道湖および中海から採集した優占動物プランクトン (それぞれ Sinocalanus tenellus およびOithona davisae) を含む5種の動物プランクトンの有機リン殺虫剤7種 (cyanophos, salithion, malathion, phenthoate, fenitrothion, diazinon および dichlofenthion) に対する耐性および分解能を評価するとともに, 春・秋期における両湖水のこれら殺虫剤の消失速度定数および両湖の動物プランクトン個体密度を用いて, 両湖水における殺虫剤消失に対する動物プランクトンの寄与率を算出した. S. tenellus および O. davisae の phenthoate および diazinon に対する耐性は, 試験したほかの農薬に対するそれらよりも低かった. 供試した5種の動物プランクトンによる農薬の分解は, 動物プランクトン種および農薬の種類によりそれぞれ異なるが, いずれの動物プランクトンでも malathion および dichlofenthion に対して高い分解能を示した. 両湖水中における殺虫剤消失に対する動物プランクトンの最大寄与率は, 春期の fenitrothion, malathion および salithion の消失に対して, 宍道湖でそれぞれ0.4, 8.1および3.4%, 中海でそれぞれ0.1, 0.1および1.9%, 秋期の fenitrothion, cyanophos および diazinon の消失に対して, 宍道湖でそれぞれ0.6, 4.6および0.8%, 中海で0.1, 2.7および1.2%であり, 有機リン殺虫剤消失に対する動物プランクトンの寄与は高くないことがわかった.
著者
伊左治 俊策 吉永 直子 寺石 政義 小川 大輔 加藤 悦子 奥本 裕 土生 芳樹 森 直樹
出版者
Pesticide Science Society of Japan
雑誌
Journal of Pesticide Science (ISSN:1348589X)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.D18-036, (Released:2018-08-03)
参考文献数
29
被引用文献数
1 10

イネ(Oryza sativa)は干ばつで枯死するとその後に給水しても復活することはないが,酢酸水溶液を与えたイネは,乾燥ストレスで一度地上部が枯れながらも,再給水すると新たに地上部を伸長させる特異な乾燥耐性を獲得する.処理中の酢酸代謝を解明するために,13Cで標識した酢酸をイネに処理し,LC-MS及び13C-NMRで13C標識された酢酸代謝物を追跡した.根抽出物のLC-MS及び13C-NMRの分析結果から,処理された酢酸はイネ体内に取り込まれ,グルタミン酸デカルボキシラーゼ(GAD)によってγ-アミノ酪酸(GABA)に代謝されると示唆された.酢酸処理したイネのGABA蓄積量を調べると,根に続いて地上部でGABAが蓄積され,また地上部のGABA蓄積量に比例して乾燥ストレスに対する生存率が増加した.以上から,地上部のGABA蓄積が酢酸によるイネの乾燥耐性に寄与する可能性がある.
著者
Motohiro Tomizawa
出版者
Pesticide Science Society of Japan
雑誌
Journal of Pesticide Science (ISSN:1348589X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, no.3, pp.177-183, 2004 (Released:2004-09-07)
参考文献数
63
被引用文献数
13 26

Neonicotinoids are the only major new class of insecticides introduced in the past three decades. They act as selective agonists at the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and are therefore highly toxic towards important insect pests but relatively safe to mammals. However, the excellent selective toxicity may not be evident with their metabolites or analogous compounds. The aim of this paper is to consider the effects of neonicotinoids and derivatives in mammalian cells and mice involving up-regulation of nicotinic receptor levels and activation of the intracellular signal integration cascade elicited by chronic or sustained exposure and analgesic and toxic effects in mice.
著者
市川 良平 五月女 淳 中島 満 前沢 嘉彰
出版者
日本農薬学会
雑誌
Journal of Pesticide Science (ISSN:1348589X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, no.1, pp.S1-S9, 1994-02-20 (Released:2010-08-05)
参考文献数
9

航空散布における薬剤の分散に関与する主要な要因として, ヘリコプターのダウンウォッシュ, 横風および液滴粒子の大きさの三つを試験の対象にとらえ, ダウンウォッシュについてはヘリコプターから放出したトレーサー (バルーン) の軌跡を介して流れを画像化し, 流れの各部分の速度, 方向を示した.さらに, このダウンウォッシュの画像を基に, 横風の条件を0, 3, 5m/秒と変えた際の流れの状況を画像として示し, ダウンウォッシュに対する横風の影響の状態を明らかにした.次に, このような空気の流れの中に液滴粒子を噴射した場合の液滴粒子の流れについて, 実用的な散布液滴の粒子径に近い2例 (300および100μm径) を対象に諸条件を組合せた事例について検討し, 各液滴粒子の流れを画像として示した.以上の検討の結果, 散布された液滴粒子の多くの部分はダウンウォッシュの渦流の外辺部の流れに誘導されて動き, 当初は下方向に, 地表付近では横方向に流れ, この過程のなかで液滴の分散が進行すると考えられた. 横風は液滴の動きの速度に±の影響を与え, 分散の範囲の広狭, 飛行申心線からの最多付着点のずれの程度を決める重要な要因である.もし液滴を翼端近くで噴射し, ダウンウォッシュの渦流の内側に液滴を投入すれば, 液滴を含む流れは横方向ときには上方向の流れとなって液滴を高い位置にいつまでも留め, その高度の風速が地表付近より強いことも加わって, 液滴の分散幅は非常に広くなり, また液滴が目標に到達しない懸念が生ずることを図 (Fig. 6) は示している.しかし液滴の噴射位置を中央部のみに限定すれば, 液滴の分散幅は狭くなり, とくに風の弱い条件で散布幅が狭い範囲に限定されることもFig.6は示唆している.立毛中の水田を対象にした散布試験における微気象観測と液滴の分散調査の結果は, ダウンウォッシュの横方向への流れが立毛申の水田では株の直上付近でみられ, ダウンウォッシュ±風の流れの中で液滴の分散が進行することを示した.しかし株内ではこの液滴の横方向への流れは衰え, 液滴の動きは垂直方向 (沈降) が主となるため, 株の上下部位別の分散状況はきわめて似たものとなり, この過程のなかで上下部位別付着量は65:35の構成比を示した.
著者
Koji Ito Kazuhiro Takagi Ryota Kataoka Hiromasa Kiyota
出版者
Pesticide Science Society of Japan
雑誌
Journal of Pesticide Science (ISSN:1348589X)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.D20-23, (Released:2020-06-24)
参考文献数
36
被引用文献数
4

Nocardioides sp. PD653 genes hcbA1, hcbA2, and hcbA3 encode enzymes that catalyze the oxidative dehalogenation of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), which is one of the most recalcitrant persistent organic pollutants (POPs). In this study, HcbA1, HcbA2, and HcbA3 were heterologously expressed and characterized. Among the flavin species tested, HcbA3 showed the highest affinity for FMN with a Kd value of 0.75±0.17 µM. Kinetic assays revealed that HcbA3 followed a ping-pong bi–bi mechanism for the reduction of flavins. The Km for NADH and FMN was 51.66±11.58 µM and 4.43±0.69 µM, respectively. For both NADH and FMN, the Vmax and kcat were 2.21±0.86 µM and 66.74±5.91 sec−1, respectively. We also successfully reconstituted the oxidative dehalogenase reaction in vitro, which consisted of HcbA1, HcbA3, FMN, and NADH, suggesting that HcbA3 may be the partner reductase component for HcbA1 in Nocardioides sp. PD653.
著者
橋本 康 西内 康浩
出版者
日本農薬学会
雑誌
Journal of Pesticide Science (ISSN:1348589X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, no.2, pp.257-264, 1981-05-20 (Released:2010-08-05)
参考文献数
27
被引用文献数
32 40

“The standard method for the evaluation of acute toxicity of pesticides to fish” and “A method for the evaluation of acute toxicity of pesticides to daphnids” were established to give 48h TLm values for carp and 3h TLm values for Daphnia pulex or Moina macrocopa. With these and some modified methods, acute toxicity of all the already registered pesticides to carp and daphnids were evaluated, and factors influencing the toxicity of pesticides or sensitivity of test organisms to pesticides were investigated. The results are summarized as follows: (1) Rotenone and organochlorine insecticides, organomercurial, organotin, dimethyl dithiocarbamate and phthalimide fungicides, dinitrophenol and pentachlorphenol herbicides have high toxicity to carp, while organophosphorus and phenylcarbamate insecticides are extremely toxic to daphnids. (2) In general, emulsifiable concentrates, technical products, wettable powders, dust and granules are toxic to carp, in this order. (3) The majority of pesticides are more toxic to carp and daphnids at higher temperatures, but some, including folpet and DDT, are less toxic to carp and daphnids, respectively, at higher temperatures. (4) The majority of pesticides are less toxic at higher pH. (5) No apparent synergism or antagonism is observed to occur between 6 pairs of organophosphorus and phenyl carbamate insecticides with carp. (6) No remarkable change in sensitivity of carp is observed with growth to 6 pesticides, including organophosphorus insecticides and pentachlorphenol herbicide, although sensitivity to endosulfan insecticide is extremely high at earlier developmental stages after floating. (7) Dietary pesticides are in general less toxic to carp than pesticides in bath exposure systems. In addition, sensitivity of other aquatic organisms to pesticides was evaluated by the recently developed method. Results are summarized as follows: (1) Gold fish, tanago; Rhodeus moriokae, dojo; Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, and medata; Oryzias latipes, have sensitivity similar to carp. (2) Larvae of dragonfly; Orthetrum albistylum speciosum, and mayfly; Cloëon dipterum, are found to have lower sensitivity than daphnids, but the correlations of TLm values among them are comparatively high. (3) The molluscean animals, Indoplanorbis exustus, Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata, Semisulcospira libertine and Physa acuta have low sensitivity to pesticides in general. (4) Tadpoles of Bufo bufo japonicas, Rana brevipoda and Rana catesbeiana have low sensitivity to pesticides in general.
著者
Arisa Banno Yoshinori Yabuki
出版者
Pesticide Science Society of Japan
雑誌
Journal of Pesticide Science (ISSN:1348589X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.1, pp.29-38, 2020-02-20 (Released:2020-02-20)
参考文献数
32
被引用文献数
12

This study proposes a practical and precise method for the simultaneous analysis of seven neonicotinoid pesticides in agricultural products using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry from two different approaches. First, the applicability of a cleanup cartridge, comprised of a polymer sorbent consisting of a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer with N-containing polar groups and methacrylate, in food samples was demonstrated for the first time. Second, applying an internal standard (IS) calibration method at a lower cost was considered by changing the timing of the IS addition and selecting the minimum number of ISs by referring on the matrix effect. The proposed method resulted in excellent recoveries in all tested matrices (brown rice, grapes, and peanuts) at a spiked concentration of 0.01 mg/kg. Subsequently, a residue analysis of hagobou (young burdock) was conducted. Imidacloprid was detected at 0.02 mg/kg, and the recoveries calculated in parallel with the analysis were satisfactory.
著者
Kazuya Ujihara
出版者
Pesticide Science Society of Japan
雑誌
Journal of Pesticide Science (ISSN:1348589X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, no.4, pp.215-224, 2019-11-20 (Released:2019-11-20)
参考文献数
93
被引用文献数
18

The structural modification of natural pyrethrins has led to a number of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, and each compound has its own characteristics. At present, pyrethroid insecticides are applied not only for household use, the original use for pyrethrins, but also for a wide range of uses such as crop protection, pharmaceuticals, and veterinary applications. Quoting primary sources, this review describes the historical view of structural modifications of pyrethroids, with a focus on structural similarities, and their use.
著者
松田 一彦
出版者
日本農薬学会
雑誌
Journal of Pesticide Science (ISSN:1348589X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.4, pp.392-395, 2002-11-20 (Released:2010-08-05)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
1 1
著者
谷沢 欽次 本間 豊邦 河西 史人 川久保 克彦 中村 利家
出版者
日本農薬学会
雑誌
Journal of Pesticide Science (ISSN:1348589X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, no.4, pp.643-649, 1987-11-20 (Released:2010-08-05)
参考文献数
14

ピラゾレートの田面水中での分散性が除草効果に及ぼす影響を田面水の流亡のないポット試験で検討した.田面水中での崩壊分散性が異なる2処方で, 押し出し粒径0.6および0.9mmの計4種の粒剤の除草効果を比較したところ, どの粒径でも崩壊分散のよい粒剤のほうが高い除草効果を示した. 崩壊分散のよい処方では粒径間の差はなかったが, 悪い処方では, 粒径が小さい粒剤のほうがミズガヤツリに対する除草効果が優れていた.同一粒度のピラゾレートを有する懸濁剤と粒剤 (施肥区と無施肥区) について除草効果を比較すると, 主剤の粒度がきわめて細かいものでは製剤型間の差はなかったが, 粒度が粗くなるにつれて粒剤の除草効果は懸濁剤より悪くなった. 粒剤の施肥区と無施肥区では崩壊分散のよい無施肥区のほうが高い除草効果を示した.同一キャリヤーより調製した崩壊分散が異なる3種類の粒剤の除草効果を施肥条件下で比較したところ, 崩壊分散のよいものが除草効果も高かった.以上のように, ピラゾレートの除草効果には, 主剤の粒度とともに, 田面水中における主剤の分散性が影響を与えた. 一方, ピラゾレート施用期の田面水は, 粒剤の崩壊分散性からみて, 10度以上の硬水に相当するものは少ないと考えられた. したがって, ピラゾレート粒剤は10度硬水中で良好な崩壊分散を示す処方とする必要がある.
著者
北 潔
出版者
日本農薬学会
雑誌
Journal of Pesticide Science (ISSN:1348589X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.4, pp.408-417, 1999-11-20 (Released:2010-08-05)
参考文献数
32