著者

近藤 あゆみ

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.136, no.1, pp.89-94, 2016 (Released:2016-01-01)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

---

The increasing number of law-evading drug users in Japan is becoming a serious social problem. Previous studies have shown that law-evading drug users are younger, more educated, and less antisocial than methamphetamine users. They also tend to have some type of psychiatric disorder before starting drug use; therefore one of the reasons that they start using drugs may be to alleviate certain psychiatric symptoms. Furthermore, if drug users are successful in avoiding arrest, they often lack the motivation to stop, which makes treatment difficult. Therapists are required to be non-confrontational, to keep pace with their patients, and to take their patients' other existing disorders into account. Recently, the Matrix Model has shown promise as a new treatment strategy for drug abusers in Japan. The Matrix Model, which was originally developed in response to the 1980s cocaine epidemic in the USA, is an intensive outpatient treatment approach for drug abuse and dependence. The Matrix Model integrates cognitive-behavioral therapy, contingency management, motivational interviewing, 12-step facilitation, family involvement, and so on, with a directive, non-confrontational approach, and this style of therapy seems to fit with law-evading drug users. A Matrix Model-based treatment program was first established in Japan in 2006. The aim of this report is to introduce and assess the benefits of the TAMA Mental Health and Welfare Center Relapse Prevention Program, a Matrix Model-based treatment program established at the Tama Mental Health and Welfare Center in 2007.

著者

石川 岳志

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.136, no.1, pp.121-130, 2016 (Released:2016-01-01)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

1

---

Recently, ab initio quantum mechanical calculations have been applied to large molecules, including biomolecular systems. The fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method is one of the most efficient approaches for the quantum mechanical investigation of such molecules. In the FMO method, dividing a target molecule into small fragments reduces computational effort. The clear definition of inter-fragment interaction energy (IFIE) as an expression of total energy is another valuable feature of the FMO method because it provides the ability to analyze interactions in biomolecules. Thus, the FMO method is expected to be useful for drug discovery. This study demonstrates applications of the FMO method related to drug discovery. First, IFIE, according to FMO calculations, was used in the optimization of drug candidates for the development of anti-prion compounds. The second example involved interaction analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease and a drug compound that used a novel analytical method for dispersion interaction, i.e., fragment interaction analysis based on LMP2 (FILM).

著者

春木 祐人 萩谷 英大 佐久間 晶子 春木 麻衣 岡 泰江 杉山 哲大 川上 恭弘 近藤 祥代

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.135, no.8, pp.987-990, 2015 (Released:2015-08-01)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

---

Intravenous azithromycin (AZM) was approved for use in December 2011 in Japan. In general, intravenous AZM injections are diluted to 1 mg/mL, with a total infusion volume of 500 mL to avoid phlebitis. Patients in intensive care units (ICUs) require small infusion volumes. We retrospectively evaluated the total AZM infusion volume in 65 ICU patients receiving AZM treatment from December 2011 to August 2014. Thirteen patients (20.0%) received a reduced volume [100 mL (5 mg/mL) or 250 mL (2 mg/mL)] using an infusion pump over 2 h. No peripheral phlebitis was observed in any patient. Based on this result, it is assumed that AZM can be safely administered to ICU patients even though the volume of solvent is reduced. AZM is widely recommended for the treatment of community-acquired respiratory infections and is used in patients with severe infections. Further investigation is required in additional patients to understand the effects of AZM volume reduction in greater detail.

著者

大谷 壽一 今岡 鮎子 秋好 健志

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.135, no.3, pp.529-534, 2015 (Released:2015-03-01)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

6

---

In Japan, it is illegal to sell pharmaceuticals on Internet auction sites, although a considerable number of pharmaceuticals are listed on such sites. We investigated the current situation regarding the illegal trade in pharmaceuticals on Japanese Internet auction sites and the responses of site administrators to such transactions. We searched for pharmaceuticals and “gray” items that were suspected of being pharmaceuticals on Yahoo-oku! (Yahoo! Auctions, Japan) over a 37-day period and then submitted violation reports indicating that selling pharmaceuticals is illegal or that the description of an item was insufficient. The reports were directed to the site administrators and forwarded to the sellers. One hundred and six pharmaceutical products and 34 gray items were identified during the study period. After the submission of the violation reports, only 28 of the pharmaceutical products and one of the gray items were deleted by the administrator, while 18 of the pharmaceutical products and 7 of the gray items were withdrawn by their sellers. However, 41 pharmaceuticals and 20 gray items were sold. Most of the gray items were listed using characteristic terms or abbreviations without photographic images. More than 70% of the identified pharmaceuticals had a contraindication(s) other than hypersensitivity. In conclusion, the illegal trade in pharmaceuticals on Internet auction sites remains a serious problem in Japan, and the responses of site administrators to such transactions are inadequate. The government and pharmaceutical industry may have to take measures such as providing public and administrative guidance to stop the illegal trade in pharmaceuticals on the Internet.

著者

青山 道夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.134, no.2, pp.149-154, 2014 (Released:2014-02-01)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

---

Before the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant 1 (FNPP1) accident, environmental 137Cs was already detectable originating from nuclear weapon tests conducted in the late 1950s and early 1960s. In the western North Pacific Ocean, 90Sr and 137Cs activities in surface water were 10-100 Bqm−3 in the late 1950s and early 1960s, then this parameter decreased gradually; 137Cs activity in surface water subsequently decreased to around a few Bq m−3. After the FNPP1 accident, 137Cs and 134Cs were released into the North Pacific Ocean by two pathways, direct discharge from the Fukushima NPP1 accident site and atmospheric deposition off Honshu Islands of Japan, east and northeast of the site. High-density observations of 137Cs and 134Cs in the surface water were carried out by 17 VOS cruises and several research vessel cruises between April 2011 and March 2012. The main body of radioactive surface plume of which activity exceeded 10 Bqm−3 traveled along 40°N, and reached the International Date Line in March 2012, 1 year after the accident. The radioactive plume was confined along 40°N when the plume reached the International Date Line. Zonal speed of the radioactive plume was estimated to be about 8 cm s−1, which is consistent with zonal speeds derived by Argo floats at the region.

著者

望月 眞弓

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.12, pp.1315-1318, 2013 (Released:2013-12-01)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

1

---

Teaching the three health principles and proper use of medicines are the basis of education on medicines. Before seeking prescription drugs, day-to-day health management is important. It is also important to understand that if a minor ailment persists, self-treatment with over-the-counter medications should be attempted. Since medications are double-edged swords, their proper use is the responsibility of patients to minimize the risk and maximize the effectiveness. This awareness should be taught during education on how to use medicines. A better understanding of medicines and fostering awareness through education on medicines will contribute to reductions in healthcare costs and promote the health of patients when they participate in their own care and learn how to self-medicate.

著者

栗本 蕗 堀 里子 佐藤 宏樹 三木 晶子 澤田 康文

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.9, pp.1023-1034, 2013 (Released:2013-09-01)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

---

For drug fostering and evolution, it is important to collect information directly from patients on the efficacy and safety of drugs as well as patient needs. At present, however, information gathered by healthcare professionals, pharmaceutical companies, or governments is not sufficient. There is concern that patients may fail to recognize the importance of providing information voluntarily. The present study was conducted to provide drug information to patients/consumers, to enlighten them on the importance of providing drug information by themselves, and to develop an Internet website, called “Minkusu,” for collecting drug information from patients. This website is based on a registration system (free of charge). It is designed to provide information on proper drug use, and to collect opinions about drugs. As of May 31, 2012, a total of 1149 people had been registered. The male/female ratio of registered members was approximately 1:1, and patients/consumers accounted for 23%. According to the results of a questionnaire survey, several patient/consumer members appreciated the usefulness of the information service, and they took an opportunity to know of the concepts of drug development and evolution (Ikuyaku, in Japanese) through the information services provided by this site. In conclusion, the developed information system would contribute to the proper use of drugs by patients/consumers and to the promotion of drug development and evolution.

著者

平山 匡彦 田中 秀和 鈴木 慎太郎 井上 広平 永富 亜紀 作元 誠司 北原 敏弘 宮﨑 長一郎 吉谷 清光 佐藤 宏樹 堀 里子 三木 晶子 澤田 康文

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.8, pp.913-922, 2013 (Released:2013-08-01)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

1

---

This study was conducted among 252 inhabitants aged 16 years or older of small remote islands in Gotoh. The survey was conducted in a direct interview format based on a questionnaire. In the interview, the respondents were asked about the statuses of their Internet usage, purchase/use/storage of nonprescription drugs, acquisition of information regarding nonprescription drugs, as well as regulations pertaining to the sale of nonprescription drugs, including the use of postal services. Among the respondents, 7.5% were Internet users, whereas people who had past experiences in purchasing nonprescription drugs through Internet accounted for as few as 0.8% of the total number of respondents; 63.9% of the inhabitants of small remote islands did not use nonprescription drugs, additionally, most inhabitants of small remote islands did not express any need for nonprescription drugs sold through Internet. Further, the findings suggested that a large number of people felt the need for the presence of pharmacists and experts to provide them with explanations and information regarding nonprescription drugs. However, because a large number of these people were unaware of the existence of pharmacists, it is important that in the future, pharmacists should conduct “consultation meetings and briefings regarding medications.” These meeting may be held in a continuous manner in these small remote islands, such that the inhabitants recognize the difference in a pharmacists' profession. It is essential that “family pharmacies/pharmacists” play a central role in promoting the supply, management, and proper use of pharmaceutical products.

著者

笠師 久美子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.129, no.12, pp.1475-1481, 2009 (Released:2009-12-01)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2 5

---

In recent years, appropriate medication and guarantees of safety are being sought not only by medical circles but also by the world of sport. Under normal circumstances, sport should be wholesome in both mind and body, but “doping” by the misuse and abuse of drugs and such is developing into a social issue. This is not just a result of the deliberate behavior of a certain number of people; many cases include use due to a lack of knowledge of drugs and doping, although eventually the sanctions received are the same. Doping tends to be perceived as the problem of just a section of elite athletes, but since the introduction of doping control at the National Athletic Meet 2003, anti-doping measures continue to be a problem close at hand. In 2004, the World Anti-Doping Code came into effect and subsequently not just the world of sport but various national governments became deeply involved with anti-doping. Anti-doping guidelines in Japan were formulated by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in 2007, stipulating that doctors and pharmacists should be proactive in anti-doping activities. With the aim of eradicating doping, it was deemed that pharmacists can intervene by providing support regarding such issues as drug enlightenment, consultation; the supply of drug information; database production; and therapeutic use exemption. It can be considered that pharmacists can sufficiently use their knowledge and experience gained in these fields, and that such knowledge could lead to more appropriate drug use in sport.

著者

原田 慎一 藤田(濱邊) 和歌子 神谷 浩平 佐武 紀子 徳山 尚吾

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.130, no.5, pp.707-712, 2010-05-01 (Released:2010-05-01)

被引用文献数

2 3

---

本総説は、“Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” 誌に掲載された後、取り下げとなった内容と同一か、密接に関連する図表やデータを含んでいることから、編集委員会は本総説を撤回することに決定しました。The Editorial Committee of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (February 18, 2020)

著者

花尻(木倉) 瑠理 丸山 卓郎 宮下 聡徳 合田 幸広

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.129, no.8, pp.975-982, 2009-08-01 (Released:2009-08-01)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

11 12

---

Voacanga africana (Apocynaceae) is a small tropical African tree. The root bark and seeds of this tree contain a number of alkaloids, including ibogaine (a hallucinogenic/aphrodisiac compound in bark), tabersonine (a major constituteent of seeds) and other voacanga alkaloids, traditionally used in Africa for religious purposes. Recently, some kinds of products containing this plant (root bark and seeds) have been distributed in the drug market in expectation of its hallucinogenic/aphrodisiac effects. There has been no report that has discussed quantitative analyses of these alkaloids in the products and their botanical origins. In this study, to investigate the trend of such a non-controlled psychotropic plant of abuse, a simultaneous analytical method was developed using LC/MS for the voacanga alkaloids including ibogaine and tabersonine in the commercial products of V. africana. Moreover, the botanical origins of these products were investigated by DNA analyses. As a result of the LC/MS analyses, the products were classified into two chemical types; an ibogaine-type and a tabersonine-type. The samples of the ibogaine-type contain ibogaine (0.05-0.6%) and other voacanga alkaloids; voacamine, voacamidine and voacangine, while those of the tabersonine-type mainly contain tabersonine (0.6-1.6%). The sequence analyses of chloroplast DNA, trnL-F region suggested that most of the products were derived from V. africana or closely related plants. They were classified into four genotypes based on nucleotide sequence of the trnL-F IGS region. The proposed methods of chemical and DNA analyses would be useful for investigating the trend in the distribution of the products of V. africana.

著者

中村 孝司

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, no.12, pp.1443-1449, 2018-12-01 (Released:2018-12-01)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The appearance of immune checkpoint inhibitors has been a major turning point in cancer therapy. The success of immune checkpoint therapy has revolutionized the field of cancer therapy, and immunotherapy has joined the cancer treatment ranks as a pillar. To induce effective anti-tumor immune responses, it is necessary both to enhance the activity of immune cells and to block immune suppression by tumor cells. Carrier type drug delivery systems based on nanobiotechnology (nano DDS) represent a potentially useful technology for efficiently achieving both: enhancement of the activity of immune cells and blocking immune suppression. It has become clear that nano DDS can improve the practical utility of a wide variety of immune functional molecules and thus regulate drug kinetics and intracellular dynamics to improve drug efficacy and reduce side effects. We have been in the process of developing a nano DDS for the enhancement of cancer immunotherapy. A nano DDS encapsulating an agonist of a simulated interferon gene pathway greatly enhanced the activity of the agent's antitumor immune response. To block immune suppression, we successfully developed a small interfering RNA loaded into a nano DDS which regulates gene expression in immune cells. In this review, we summarize our recent efforts regarding cancer immunotherapy using nano DDS.

著者

根岸 悦子 土門 由佳 上田 まなみ 門脇 京子 上野 光一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.125, no.10, pp.821-827, 2005-10-01 (Released:2005-10-01)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

4 3

---

In recent years, the concept of gender-specific medicine has become generalized in Japan. We need to understand gender differences in the pattern of use prescription drugs for the appropriate use of medications. We therefore investigated gender differences in the use of prescription drugs based on data form nine hospitals in Japan. The data were extracted from their drug ordering systems in the month from March 1 to 31, 2003. We analyzed the data from the viewpoints of sex and age. The frequency of prescriptions for central nervous system drugs and Kampo medicines was higher for women than for men. The same trend was seen for hormones and vitamins. On the other hand, the frequency of prescriptions for cardiovascular drugs for men was higher than that for women. The same trend was found for unclassified metabolic drugs such as arthrifuges. As a result of detailed analysis by age-group, it is suggested that a correlation exists between the age specificity of prescription drugs and gender differences in disease occurrence. This information had not previously been investigated in Japan. Since the results appear useful, we to improve perform more detailed analyses and accumulate evidence to improve drug therapy.

著者

中西 雅之

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.127, no.6, pp.977-982, 2007 (Released:2007-06-01)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

10 12

---

S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) hydrolase catalyzes breakdown of SAH, which arises after S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methylation, into adenosine and homocysteine. The enzyme activity is required for both metabolic pathway of sulfur-containing amino acids and a variety of biological methylations. Because of the essential roles of SAH hydrolase for living cells, inhibitors of SAH hydrolase are expected to be antimicrobial drugs, especially for viruses and malaria parasite. Our research focused on the development of new antimalarials based on the SAH hydrolase inhibition. Malaria parasite employs SAH hydrolase of itself for coping with the toxicity of SAH, so that the target offers opportunities for chemotherapy if structural differences are exploited between the parasite and human enzymes. In vitro screens of nucleoside analogs resulted in moderate but selective inhibition for recombinant SAH hydrolase of malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, by 2-position substituted adenosine analogs. Similar selectivity was observed in the growth inhibition assay of cultured cells. Following crystal structure analysis of the parasite SAH hydrolase discovered an additional space, which is located near the 2-position of the adenine-ring, in the substrate binding pocket. Mutagenic analysis of the amino acid residue forming the additional space confirmed that the inhibition selectivity is due to the difference of only one amino acid residue, between Cys59 in P. falciparum and Thr60 in human. For developing antimalarial drugs, it might be suitable to select target from pathways that are present in the parasite but absent from humans; nevertheless, even if the target was common in parasite and host, slight structural difference such as single amino acid variation is likely to be available for improving inhibitor selectivity.

著者

正木 仁 土井 萌子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.139, no.3, pp.371-379, 2019-03-01 (Released:2019-03-01)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Sacran, a large molecular-weight polysaccharide isolated from algae, is composed of 11 types of saccharides, including sulfate and carboxylic acid groups. Because of its unique structure, sacran can form a gel-like sheet in the presence of polyols such as 1,3-butanediol. In addition, those sacran gel-like sheets prevent the evaporation of water and the penetration of chemicals. The results of our previous study suggested that sacran can work as an artificial barrier against external stimuli such as air pollutants which increase the stress on humans. Topically applied sacran was localized at the surface of reconstructed human epidermal equivalents. Those results suggested that sacran inhibits excessive water evaporation from the skin and protects against environmental stimuli by forming an artificial barrier at the skin surface. Then, in a clinical study, we examined the activity of sacran in improving skin problems caused by an impaired epidermal barrier. First, we conducted a use test on a serum formulated with sacran on human volunteers who had impaired skin barrier function. The results showed that sacran provided excellent benefits to improve the maturation of corneocytes. These results suggest that sacran could play an important role in providing optimal skin conditions for keratinocytes to progress through their differentiation.

著者

橋本 良太 藤井 景子 吉田 和子 下路 静佳 正木 秀典 角山 香織 中村 敏明 恩田 光子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, no.9, pp.1217-1225, 2018-09-01 (Released:2018-09-01)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3 3

---

The current study aimed to examine the outcomes of pharmacists' involvement with elderly people in special nursing homes. We analyzed 58 cases involving regular visits by community pharmacists to 41 residents. The residents' mean age was 87.8±6.9 years, and 68.3% were prescribed 6 or more types of medication. Antipsychotic and insomnia medication was taken by 24.4% and 31.8% of residents, respectively. Pharmaceutical consultation following medication use accounted for 60.3% of pharmacists' involvement with residents. The outcomes of these consultations included improvements in prescription content; the identification and prevention of adverse drug events; improvement in activities of daily living; and improvement in test results, sleep, and urination/bowel control. The results also suggested that pharmacists' intervention reduced drug costs. Information that facilitated involvement was most frequently acquired via conversations (67.2%) and conferences (24.1%) in the facilities. The most common information sources were care workers (72.4%), followed by nurses (37.9%), physicians (6.9%), and functional training instructors (6.9%). Information was also acquired from patients (3.4%) and their family members (5.2%). The findings indicated that regular visits by pharmacists to facilities for elderly people and conversations between residents, their family members, and physicians, nurses and various other professionals improved various pharmacotherapy outcomes.

著者

木村 啓志

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.143, no.1, pp.39-44, 2023-01-01 (Released:2023-01-01)

参考文献数

14

---

Microphysiological systems (MPSs) based on microfluidic devices are attracting attention as an alternative cell assay platform to animal experiments in drug discovery. When we use microfluidic devices for cell culture, it is possible to experiment with various culture conditions that are difficult with conventional cell culture methods, such as fabrication of microstructures for cell placement, temporal and spatial control of liquid factors and adhesive conditions, and physical stimulation by flow and expansion/contraction. MPSs, which use microfluidic technology to construct the structure and function of physiological biological tissues and organs, are being commercialized and put to practical use worldwide with the entry of venture companies and pharmaceutical companies. Although research on the practical application of MPS in Japan has lagged far behind the efforts of Western countries, the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) launched the MPS Development and Research Project in FY2017 and established a system for MPS commercialization through industry-government-academia collaboration. The project is characterized by the formation of a consortium involving many researchers not only from academia but also from manufacturing and pharmaceutical companies with the aim of commercializing MPS devices. By FY2021, the final year of this project, several MPSs were successfully positioned in various stages of commercialization. This paper introduces two MPSs that the author was involved in commercializing in collaboration with domestic companies within the project.

著者

石原 三也 本間 真人 久能 英子 渡邊 真知子 幸田 幸直

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.122, no.9, pp.695-701, 2002-09-01 (Released:2003-02-18)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

22 19

---

The intestinal bacteria, Eubacterium sp. and Bifidobacterium sp., participate in the metabolism of active kampo-ingredients, glycyrrhizin (GL), sennoside (SEN) and baicalin (BL). Since antibiotics and bacterial preparations, Bifidobacterium longum (LAC-B®), Clostridium butyricum (MIYA-BM®), and Streptococcus faecalis (BIOFERMIN®), affect the bacterial population in intestinal bacterial flora, metabolism of the active kampo-ingredients in the bacterial flora may be altered by their combined administration. We investigated 1199 prescriptions including kampo-medicines for 308 patients. Combination use of kampo-medicines with antibiotics and bacterial preparations occurred with 7% and 10% of the kampo-prescription, respectively. Most antibiotics have activity against intestinal bacteria, except that cephems and macrolides are not active against to E. coli. This means that antibiotics may lower the metabolism of GL, SEN and BL when administered in combination. On the other hand, it is also highly possible that bacterial preparations increase the number of Eubacterium sp. and Bifidobacterium sp., resulting in enhanced metabolism of GL and SEN when they are used concomitantly with kampo-medicines. The present results suggested that the drug interactions of kampo-medicines with antibiotics and bacterial preparations should be confirmed in clinical studies.

著者

清水 弘明 林田 滋 我妻 永利

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.108, no.12, pp.1203-1208, 1988-12-25 (Released:2011-07-11)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

3 3

---

グアイアズレンスルホン酸ナトリウムsodium 1, 4-dimethyl-7-isopropylazulene-3-sulfonate (I) は抗炎症, 抗アレルギー作用を有することから胃炎, 口内炎等の治療薬として使用されている. しかしながら, Iは熱光に対し不安定であり, 室内で保存すると徐々に退色, 分解してグアイアズレン (II) になることが報告されている (Chart 1).また, IはpH7.5-8.5附近の弱アルカリ性では安定であるが, pH5以下になると急激に分解することが知られている.これらIの水溶液中又は固体状態での分解反応及び安定化については種々の報告があるが, いずれも温湿度条件下による検討が主であり, 光照射条件下におけるIの分解反応や安定化についての詳細な報告は見あたらない.そこで著者らは, Iの光分解反応及びその安定化法を検討し, 錯体形成の観点から考察を加えた.

著者

田熊 一敞

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.121, no.9, pp.663-669, 2001-09-01 (Released:2002-09-27)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell type in the brain, are considered to have physiological and pathological roles in neuronal activities. We found that reperfusion of cultured astrocytes after Ca2+ depletion causes Ca2+ overload followed by delayed cell death and the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger in the reverse mode is responsible for this Ca2+-mediated cell injury (Ca2+ paradox injury). The Ca2+ paradox injury of cultured astrocytes is considered to be an in vitro model of ischemia/reperfusion injury, since a similar paradoxical change in extracellular Ca2+ concentration is reported in ischemic brain tissue. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying the Ca2+-mediated injury of astrocytes and the protective effects of drugs against Ca2+ reperfusion injury. This study shows that Ca2+ reperfusion injury of astrocytes is accompanied by apoptosis as evidenced by DNA fragmentation and nuclear condensation. Calpain, reactive oxygen species, calcineurin, caspase-3, and NF-κB are involved in Ca2+ reperfusion-induced delayed apoptosis of astrocytes. Several drugs including CV-2619, T-588 and ibudilast protect astrocytes against the delayed apoptosis. CV-2619 prevents astrocytes from the delayed apoptosis by production of nerve growth factor, resulting in an activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI3) kinase signal pathways. The protective effect of T-588 is mainly mediated by an activation of MAP/ERK signal cascade. Moreover, ibudilast prevents the Ca2+ reperfusion-induced delayed apoptosis of astrocytes via cyclic GMP signaling pathway. Further studies in this system will contribute to the development of new drugs that attenuate ischemia/reperfusion injury via modulation of astrocytes.